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| | Stanislaw Lem biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) |
 | | After finishing his studies Stanislaw Lem opted not to take final exams to avoid a career as a military doctor, and received only a certificate of completion of studies. |
 | | Lem is a proponent of modern Western civilization, and, despite having spent a significant portion of his career in Communist Poland and its attendant ideological censorship, his opus contains harsh critcism of collectivist societies. |
 | | Lem's writing is full of very intelligent humor, full of puns, wordplay, and other tricks, and has been translated brilliantly into English by Michael Kandel. |
| stanislaw-lem.biography.ms (717 words) |
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