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Topic: Stanislaw Poniatowski

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Stanislaw August Poniatowski

John II of Poland

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	Poniatowski - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Poniatowski (plural: Poniatowski) is the surname of a Polish szlachta (nobility) family.
		Poniatowa was the residence of several branches of the Poniatowski family: Tłuk, Jarasz and Ciołek.
		On the free election on September 7, 1764, at Wola Stanislaw Poniatowski was elected as King of Poland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poniatowski (255 words)

	Stanisław August Poniatowski - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stanisław August Poniatowski (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; January 17, 1732-February 12, 1798) was the last King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764-1795).
		He was the son of Stanisław Poniatowski, Castellan of Kraków, and Konstancja Czartoryska, brother of Michał Jerzy Poniatowski, primate of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, and uncle of Prince Józef Poniatowski.
		Poniatowski was briefly a prisoner after being kidnapped by members of the Confederation in 1771, and held outside of Warsaw.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stanislaw_August_Poniatowski (1090 words)

	Stanislaus I of Poland
		Stanislaw I Leszczynski (1677 — 1766) was king of Poland.
		Born at Lemberg in 1677, was the son of Rafael Leszczynski, palatine of Poznan, and Anne Catherine Jablonowska.
		On January 26, 1736 Stanislaw again abdicated the throne, but received by way of compensation the dukedom of Lorraine and Bar, which was to revert to France on his death.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/st/Stanislaw_Leszczynski.html (682 words)

	Stanisław August Poniatowski - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Stanisław August Poniatowski (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; January 17, 1732, Wołczyn, Poland - February 12, 1798, St. Petersburg, Russia) was the last King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764-1795).
		He was the son of Stanisław Poniatowski (1676-1762), Castellan of Kraków, and Konstancja Czartoryska, and brother of Michał Jerzy Poniatowski, primate of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, and uncle of Prince Józef Poniatowski.
		Born in 1732, Poniatowski already at twenty, in 1752, as a Sejm deputy attracted attention with his oratory.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Stanislaw_August_Poniatowski (1144 words)

	Jozef Poniatowski - Polish Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The choice faced by Poniatowski encapsulated the nation's hopeless plight, and his act of self-sacrifice was to serve as a potent symbol to Polish patriots for the rest of the century".
		Prince Jozef Antoni Poniatowski, the nephew of the last king of Poland Stanislaw August Poniatowski, was born and raised in Vienna.
		Poniatowski counterattacked, leading into the action each of his battalions in turn (Tsar Alexander watched this from one of the nearby hills), but with the rest of the French army was compelled to withdraw toward the city.
	culture.polishsite.us /articles/art187fr.htm (5758 words)

	Stanislaus II of Poland
		He was the son of Stanisław Poniatowski, palatine of Kraków (the friend and companion of Charles XII of Sweden).
		Born in 1732, Poniatowski owed his career path to the influence of his uncles, the powerful Czartoryskis, who sent him to Saint Petersburg in the suite of the British ambassador Hanbury Williams.
		Poniatowski was concerned in the mysterious and disreputable conspiracy which sought to set aside the succession of the grand duke Peter and his son Paul in favor of Catherine, a conspiracy frustrated by the unexpected recovery of the empress Elizabeth and the consequent arrest of the conspirators.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/st/stanislaus_ii_of_poland.html (950 words)

	Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski, King of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was the son of Stanislaw Poniatowski, Castellan of Kraków, and brother of Michal Jerzy Poniatowski, primate of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland.
		After returning to Warsaw, Poniatowski won election (September 7, 1764) as king of Poland through the influence of Catherine, since become Empress Catherine II of Russia.
		He was accused by some of striving for absolutism, of doing away with the liberties of the szlachta (Polish nobility), of desiring the downfall of the Roman Catholic Church; by others, of weakness and subservience, even of treason, especially after he had joined the Targowica Confederation.
	www.gogog.com /project/wikipedia/index.php/Stanislaus_II_Augustus_Poniatowski_of_Poland (979 words)

	Poniatowski
		Together with Poniatowski, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, who on July 18 led his soldiers into another victory at Dubienka, and many of the nation's other future military leaders also made their Polish battleground debuts in the war of 1792, and Michal Wielhorski, who had served with Poniatowski in Austria, was after Kosciuszko his most important general here.
		Poniatowski volunteered as an ordinary soldier (reported for duty at Kosciuszko's camp near Jedrzejow on May 27) and did not want to lead the Insurrection in Lithuania, which was what Kosciuszko proposed (he recommended his friend Wielhorski for that job; Wielhorski replaced the demoted radical Jakub Jasinski, but his tenure in Lithuania was not successful).
		A legend already in his own time, Poniatowski's cult developed in the 19th century in Poland and abroad, and was in part promoted by the faction of Adam Czartoryski and other conservative circles, who adopted him as their symbol, while in fact were opposed to him when he was alive.
	members.core.com /~gugalo (5709 words)

	Wikinfo \| Stanislaus I of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Stanislaw I Leszczynski (1677 - 1766) was king of Poland and Lorraine.
		Born at Lemberg in 1677, was the son of Rafael Leszczynski, governor of Poznan Voivodship, and Anne Catherine Jablonowska.
		He was first heard of again at Königsberg, whence he issued a manifesto to his partisans which resulted in the formation of a confederation on his behalf, and the despatch of a Polish envoy to Paris to urge France to invade Saxony with at least 40,000 men.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Stanislaus_I_of_Poland (772 words)

	Poniatowski (engl)
		Stanislaw Poniatovski, Kasmir’s son, elder brother of Stanislaw II Augustus, King of Poland and Great Chamberlain of Poland, was born in Warsaw on 23 November 1754.Ever since was he young, he used to travel a lot throughout Italy, especially stopping in Rome, where a noble and refined Polish colony had settled down.
		Stanislaw’s more and more numerous stops led him to settle definitively down in the capital where in 1800 he purchased a beautiful villa in via Flaminia with a spectacular sight upon Villa Borghese.
		After father Stanislaw’s death, in 1833, his sons did not feel any longer linked to paternal noble conventions and organized a sort of family musical association based on the considerable heritage received as a capital and on their family name.
	www.luigiverdi.it /engl/poniatowski-ingl.htm (437 words)

	Prince Poniatowski
		The title of prince is no affectation, as Poniatowski is from the Polish royal family, a descendent of Poland's last king, Stanislaw August Poniatowski; this fine heritage is represented on the Poniatowski labels, which bear an emblem derived from the Polish flag.
		The Poniatowski family moved to France in 1855, and it was reputedly in a Paris restaurant, Au Petite Riche, that Poniatowski's grandfather discovered the joys of Vouvray.
		Through the latter quarter of the 20th Century it was Philippe Poniatowski that was in charge at the domaine, the third generation of the family to take on the responsibility.
	www.thewinedoctor.com /loire/poniatowski.shtml (1560 words)

	The Courtly Lives of Polish Kings, Nobles, Saints, ... - Stanislaw August Poniatowski
		Stanislas August Poniatowski (1732-1798) was the son of Stanislas Poniatowski (1676-1762), a Lithuanian Stolnik, and (2)Princess Constance Czartoryska.
		Casimir Marie Poniatowski inherited the Polish Ustrzycka bl.
		The Poniatowski was a patriotic man of the Polish state and served as Supreme Chief of the arms of the Duchy of Varsovie and marshal of France.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/Poniatowski.html (1038 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The exiled Stanislaw Leszczynski was recalled from France and hastily re-elected by the General Convention to the position of King of Poland.
		Poniatowski was even nominated to the position of general in the Swedish army and was on many occasions entrusted with responsibilities of major importance.
		Stanislaw Ciolkosz Poniatowski died in Rykow in 1762 at the age of 85.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/w/x/wxk116/sjk/jazch7.html (4760 words)

	Stanislaus II Augustus - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		AUGUSTUS [P0NIATOWSKI} (1732-1798), king of Poland, the son of Stanislaw Poniatowski, palatine of Cracow, the friend and companion of Charles XII.
		Born in 1732 he owed his advance in life to the influence of his uncles the powerful Czartoryscy, who sent him to St Petersburg in the suite of the English ambassador Hanbury Williams.
		Poniatowski was concerned in the mysterious and disreputable conspiracy which sought to set aside the succession of the grand duke Peter and his son Paul in favour of Catherine, a conspiracy frustrated by the unexpected recovery of the empress Elizabeth and the consequent arrest of the conspirators.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Stanislaus_II_Augustus (818 words)

	In the Aftermath of the Partitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Poniatowski was decorated for his role at Zielence (18 June 1792) where he led one of his early bayonet attacks that were to become his trademark (the victory was commemorated by the establishment of the decoration of the Militari Virtuti Cross).
		Poniatowski barred the way to Warsaw and at the battle of Raszyn (19 April 1809), where 12,000 Poles faced 25,000 Austrians, the Polish Infantry stubbornly held their ground; it is said that Poniatowski himself took a rifle and went into the front rank with the attacking soldiers.
		Allied to their brother-in-law, Stanislaw Poniatowski (this influential and powerful alliance of the Czartoryskis and the Poniatowskis became known as “The Family”), they tried to push reforms through the court but were constantly blocked by the “republicans” led by the Potockis.
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/Aftermath.html (6708 words)

	The Elected Monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Stanislaw was the brother-in-law of Michal and August Czartoryski and formed part of that powerful group aiming at reform, “the Family”.
		On acceding to the throne Stanislaw Augustus attempted to show that he was no puppet by setting up a range of commissions and ministries aimed at improving the process of government, carrying out financial and educational reforms and establishing a military school (the Szkola Rycerska); it was obvious that a Polish revival was under way.
		The King’s nephew, Joseph Poniatowski and Tadeusz Kosciuszko, a veteran of the American War of Independence, put up heroic resistance but all hope faded away when Stanislaw Augustus, under pressure from his ministers who could see the writing on the wall, declared his adherence to the Confederation of Targowica (August 1792).
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/ElectedMonarchy.html (5443 words)

	Amazon.ca: Poland's Last King and English Culture : Stanislaw August Poniatowski, 1732-1798: Books: Richard Butterwick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The attempt by Stanislaw August Poniatowski (1764-95) 'to create anew the Polish world' was one of the most audacious enterprises of reform undertaken by any enlightened monarch in the eighteenth century.
		Stanislaw August died in exile, cursed by most of his compatriots to this day.
		He shows how Stanislaw's radical plans for reform of Poland's constitution and culture were profoundly influenced by his love of England, and examines the successes and limitations of the Polish Enlightenment.
	www.amazon.ca /Polands-Last-King-English-Culture/dp/0198207018 (728 words)

	poland
		A member of an influential old Polish noble family, Stanislaw became king in 1704 with the support of Charles XII of Sweden, in opposition to Frederick Augustus of Saxony (Augustus II of Poland, 1670-1733), who was backed by Russia.
		Stanislaw was given the duchies of Lorraine and Bar, and he maintained a royal court at Lunéville and Nancy until his death.
		A member of a prominent Polish family, Stanislaw was elected king with the backing of Catherine the Great of Russia, and his reign was marked by successive partitions of Poland by Russia, Austria, and Prussia.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/poland.htm (4614 words)

	Poland - The Three Partitions, 1764-95
		Confounding expectations that he would be an obedient servant of his mistress, Stanislaw August encouraged the modernization of his realm's ramshackle political system and achieved a temporary moratorium on use of the individual veto in the Sejm (1764-66).
		King Stanislaw August supported the progressive elements in the government and promoted the ideas of foreign political figures such as Edmund Burke and George Washington.
		Stanislaw August's process of renovation reached its climax on May 3, 1791, when, after three years of intense debate, the "Four Years' Sejm" produced Europe's first written constitution.
	countrystudies.us /poland/11.htm (1006 words)

	Military Figure - Count Joseph Poniatowski, Handcrafted Figurines at Poland by Mail
		In 1787 with Stanislaw August and historian Adam Naruszewicz participated in a trip to Kiev, to meet Catherine the Great.
		He was commissioned lieutenant in the Austrian army in 1780 (mentored by Field Marshal Lascy), in 1788 promoted to colonel and aide to Emperor Joseph II, who paid personal attention to Poniatowski's advancement and encouraged him to stay in Austria and to follow in hisfather's footsteps.
		Prince Karl Philipp Schwarzenberg was also Poniatowski's friend and colleague at thattime (at Sabatch Poniatowski saved his life); due to the changing fortunes and allegiances, in the future they will meet many times as allies or as foes, and at the end Schwarzenberg will come back to deliver the crushing blow at Leipzig.
	www.polandbymail.com /get_item_mp5029_military-figure-ks-j-poniato.htm (807 words)

	Jozef Fürst Poniatowski
		Poniatowski wird polnischer Kriegsminister und baut eine neue polnische Armee mit 40.000 Mann auf.
		Poniatowski lehnt jedoch ab und informiert Napoleon und den sächsischen König Friedrich August I. über die russischen Absichten.
		Poniatowski, Augereau und Oudinot die Dörfer Dösen, Dölitz, Lößnig und Connewitz gegen die Angriffe der 1.
	www.bauplattform.de /vs/personen/poniatowskid.htm (1329 words)

	Dr Richard Butterwick
		He is happy to supervise research students on diverse aspects of eighteenth-century European intellectual, cultural, religious, political and diplomatic history, and on topics in Polish history from the fourteenth century onwards.
		‘Stanislaw August Poniatowski jako latitudynarysta religijny’ [Stanislaw August Poniatowski as a religious latitudinarian], Wiek Oswiecenia [The Age of Enlightenment], XIV (1998).
		Stanislaw August Poniatowski, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and politesse in England’, SVEC [Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century’], 2003:07.
	www.qub.ac.uk /schools/SchoolofHistory/SchoolContactDetails/StaffListing/DrRichardButterwick (612 words)

	Pulaskis of the Slepowron Crest
		Monika married Stanislaw Rohozinski of the Leliwa crest.
		The godparents were August Prince Poniatowski the Ruthenian voivode, Antonina Rudzinska wife of the Czersk castellan, and Michal Prince Czartoryski the under-chancellor of the Great Lithuanian Principality with Konstancja Poniatowska nee Czartoryska the wife of the Mazowsze voivode.
		His wife (whom he married in 1778) Antonina Oranska of the Kosciesz crest, the daughter of Stanislaw the Nowogrodek captain, brought several demesnes in her dowry and inherited from her father properties in Wolyn Horbasze, Deraznia, and Holubecze.
	www.poles.org /Gorzynski.html (3972 words)

	Lazienki Park and Palace on the Water
		In the 18th century the castle was acquired by the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski and within a short time the hunting ground attached to the Ujazdow Castle was transformed into a splendid park complete with a palace that became a favorite summer residence of the king.
		In the 17th century it was a bath pavilion that was converted later into a residence of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
		Nowadays it houses the Center of Contemporary Art where a part of the art collection of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski is exhibited.
	www.warsaw-hotels.net /eng/guide/sights/lazienki.html (669 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Note, comments may take some time to be approved.
		AUGUSTUS [PONIATOWSKI] (1732-1798), king of Poland, the son of Stanislaw Poniatowski, palatine of Cracow, the friend and companion of Charles XII.
		The best that can be said for Stanislaus as king of Poland is that with all his romantic ideas and excellent intentions he remained from first to last the creature of circumstances.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=62828&locale=en (758 words)

	pcpopiel
		Popiel's mother was Marianna Pieglowska, a daughter of the Oswiecim castellan Jan. He brought as a dowry the village Owczary (county of Wislica) and she was a heiress of Czaple Wielkie in Krakow province (county of Ksiaz).
		He was one of seven Popiels who signed up on 7-23-1964 the pro-family act of the Confederation of the Sandomierz province under Stanislaw Lubomirski's staff, and at the election he voted with his province (together with four cousins) for Stanislaw Poniatowski.
		His relations with the king Stanislaw August were close, but his correspondence, friendly from the king and martinet from himself does not reveal any particular political intimacy.
	members.tripod.com /kingpopiel/english/pcpopiel.htm (2124 words)

	H-Net Review: Hugo Lane on The Partitions of Poland 1772, 1793, 1795
		For example: having assigned Catherine the role as the Commonwealth's chief enemy, Lukowski does not consider why she was willing to promote the election of Stanislaw Poniatowski as King of the Commonwealth in 1764 even though she knew of his plans to reform the Commonwealth's political structures.
		Poniatowski's past as Catherine's lover is enough to convince Lukowski that she knew he was easy prey, and his subsequent reform efforts a naive misreading of Catherine.
		Indeed, we learn that Poniatowski was willing to challenge Catherine while it was his Polish backers, the Czartoryskis, who had to persuade Poniatowski to bow to her demands to the reverse the reforms.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=8308934566298 (2219 words)

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