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Topic: Stanislaw Zolkiewski

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Stanislaus Zolkiewski
		Although Zolkiewski knew that the nobles had many just grievances against King Sigismund, by whom he himself was disliked, yet he came to his aid, and defeated the rebels at Guzow.
		This was an impossibility, and by this refusal all the victories and diplomatic triumphs of Zolkiewski were rendered null, as he pointed out to the Diet at Warsaw, when he returned with the Tsar Demetrius and two of the greatest Russian princes, his captives.
		Zolkiewski (Warsaw); TARNOWSKI, Historya literatury Polskiej, II, (Cracow, 1903); Hetman Zolkiewski (Warsaw, 1852).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15763b.htm (591 words)

	The Elected Monarchy
		Stanislaw was the brother-in-law of Michal and August Czartoryski and formed part of that powerful group aiming at reform, “the Family”.
		On acceding to the throne Stanislaw Augustus attempted to show that he was no puppet by setting up a range of commissions and ministries aimed at improving the process of government, carrying out financial and educational reforms and establishing a military school (the Szkola Rycerska); it was obvious that a Polish revival was under way.
		The King, Stanislaw Augustus, was forced to abdicate and taken captive to St. Petersburg (where he died in 1798).
	alife.ccp14.ac.uk /macsoft2/www/ElectedMonarchy.html (5443 words)

	PolishRoots - Herbarz Polski
		His brother, Stanislaw, was a consultant in the Emperor's court by reason of his fluency in many languages, good judgement, and choice of skills.
		Stanislaw Baryczka, heir to Machalowice and Czosnow, cupbearer of Czerniechow, royal secretary, was granted Polish citizenship by the Parliament in 1658, as were Wojciech and Jan. Brought up in Polish camps, he sharpened his knightly skills and proficiency in architectonics.
		Stanislaw was most generous to the clergy, and filled up the library of the Dominicans in Warsaw with books.
	www.polishroots.org /herbarz/baryczka.htm (1418 words)

	SIGMARINGEN - LoveToKnow Article on SIGMARINGEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At the diet of i6o5 Sigismund an.d his partisans endeavoured so far to reform the Polish constitution as to substitute a decision by a plurality of votes for unanimity in the diet.
		But the necessary supplies were never forthcoming and the diet remained absolutely indifferent to the triumphs of Zolkiewski and the other great generals who performed Brobdingnagian feats with Lilliputian armies.
		This policy was very beneficial to the Catholic cause, as it diverted the Turk from central to northeastern Europe; yet, but for the self-sacrificing heroism of Zolkiewski at Cecora and of Chodkiewicz at Khotin, it might have been most ruinous to Poland.
	69.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SI/SIGMARINGEN.htm (1487 words)

	Benutzer:Matt1971/Projekte/Stanislaw Koniecpolski - Wikipedia
		Koniecpolski chose to follow a military career, and in 1610 he took part in the Dymitriads against Muscovy, including the Battle of Kłuszyn.
		During the siege of the Smolensk fortress on 8 July, 1611, the collapsing walls killed his brother Przedbor and Stanislaw returned to Koniecpol with his body.
		In the autumn of the same year he rejoined the army and under the command of Grand Lithuanian Hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, he took part in the effort to relieve and bring supplies to the besieged Polish forces in the Moscow Kremlin.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Benutzer:Matt1971/Projekte/Stanislaw_Koniecpolski (3072 words)

	Kluszyn 1610, Battle between Polish Commonwealth and Russia (Moscovy) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Zolkiewski decided to try to block the besieged camp with a small force, and use his best and most mobile units to attack the main Muscovy army.
		But Zolkiewski had no doubt as to the quality of the judgement and initiative of his subordinates; he demonstrated this by granting his independent commanders considerable liberty during battle to maneuver the reserves.
		Through Zolkiewski’s skillful application of and economy of power, taking all the appropriate tactical choices (sequence and targets of individual attacks, and timing), the results vindicated the decision to attack.
	www.kismeta.com /diGrasse/kluszyn.htm (4455 words)

	hetman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Stanislaw Koniecpolski was one of a long line of successful military leaders that Poland produced in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
		His victories and accomplishments rank with Jan Tarnowski, Stanislaw Zolkiewski, Jan Korol Chodkiewicz and Jan Sobieski.
		In 1620, as field hetman, he fought beside Zolkiewski in the defeat at Cecora.
	www.polamjournal.com /Library/Biographies/hetman/hetman.html (626 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As a loyal follower of Hetman (Commander) Stanislaw Zolkiewski, he had participated in military exploits against Moscow and the Turks.
		He gave command of this unit to one of the highest military men (Hetman Polny) in his army, which indicates a strategic importance of the castle and town in the defense of Poland's southeastern frontiers.
		After the Swedes became embroiled in a war with the Russians, and had suffered a defeat at Poltawa in 1709, Leszczynski was forced to abdicate and leave the country.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/w/x/wxk116/sjk/jazch6.html (6271 words)

	ZOLKIEWSKI, STANISLAUS (1547-1619) - Online Information article about ZOLKIEWSKI, STANISLAUS (1547-1619)
		Church, and refused to ratify the terms made with the boyars.
		On his return he was fiercely assailed by the diet for not risking everything in a pitched battle, but Zolkiewski defended himself with an eloquence which silenced his most venomous opponents.
		Zolkiewski is one of the most heroic figures in Polish See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /YAK_ZYM/ZOLKIEWSKI_STANISLAUS_1547_1619.html (1055 words)

	The Eastern Wing of the Balance of Power System
		It soon became apparent that the Commonwealth and the Czardom were so far apart and basically so different from each other that a repetition of the federal experiment which had succeeded so well in Polish-Lithuanian relations was out of the question.
		In spite of continuous Cozack raids against Turkish possessions, Zolkiewski had tried to avoid it, but now he decided to support the friendly prince of Moldavia whom the Turks had deposed, and the Polish army advanced as far as Cecora.
		Receiving no adequate Moldavian or Cozack assistance, however, Zolkiewski had to retreat and was himself killed in action in December, 1620.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/12.htm (6076 words)

	Jan Karol Chodkiewicz - TheBestLinks.com - Lithuania, Livonia, Moscow, Osman II, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		His first military service in Poland was against the Cossack rising of Nalewajko as lieutenant to hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski, and he subsequently assisted Jan Zamojski in his victorious Moldavian campaign.
		During that campaign among many officers under Chodkiewicz command was future hetman, Stanislaw Koniecpolski.
		The Muscovite war had no sooner been ended by the treaty of Deulina than Chodkiewicz was hastily despatched southwards to defend the southern frontier against the Turks, who after their victory at the Cecora had high hopes of conquering Poland altogether.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Jan_Karol_Chodkiewicz.html (702 words)

	Polish Renaissance Warfare - Army Composition, Hetman commanderss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Stanislaw Zolkewski (1547-1620, Grand Royal Hetman from 1613).
		Stanislaw Koniecpolski (1591-1646, Royal Field Hetman from 1618 and Grand Royal Hetman from 1632).
		He was present at Cecora where he was captured.
	www.jasinski.co.uk /wojna/comp/comp02.htm (436 words)

	Marina Mniszech - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		With his help, Marina turned up in Tushino, where she would secretly marry another impostor False Dmitri II after "recognizing" her miraculously "salvaged" husband in him.
		Polish hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski wrote in his memoires, that the only two things False Dmitris I and II had in common was that they were both human and usupers.
		This marriage would soon share the same fate as her previous one.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Marina_Mniszech (618 words)

	Pawolocz
		The Polish Republic was represented by commissaries: Stanislaw Zolkiewski-the Great Marshal of the Crown, Stanislaw Koniecpolski-the Field Marshal of the Crown, Tomasz Zamoyski-the Governor of Kiev, Jan Danielowicz-the Governor of Ruthenia, Walenty Aleksander Kalinowski-Warden of Kamieniec, Tomasz Sklenski, Tyburcy Zlotnicki-royal commander, and Jan Bielecki.
		In 1787 King Stanislaw Poniatowski during his journey to Kaniow traveled from Bialopol to Pawolocz in the same carriage with General Lubowidzki and spent a night in the brick house.
		In 1765 the pastor was Father Stanislaw Piotrowicz, canon of Kijow.
	www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org /pavoloch/Pawolocz.htm (8189 words)

	History
		By birth he belonged to the Ukrainian lesser nobility and bore the Massalski, and later the Abdank, coat of arms.
		His father, Mykhailo Khmelnytsky, served as an officer under the Polish crown hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski and his mother, according to some sources, was of Cossack descent.
		Before the Cossack-Polish War he was secretary to a Polish starosta in Lutske, and in 1648 served in a crown force under the command of Stanislaw Rewera Potocki.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /history.asp (2017 words)

	AllEmpires - The Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (Full) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A large number of nobles revolted against the King Zygmunt III Waza, who concerned himself too much with regaining his Swedish throne.
		It was Szujski who in the 1606 coup instigated the massacre of 500 Poles in Moscow, he also put out feelers for an alliance with Sweden.
		The aim of the expedition was to recapture Smolensk, but events overtook the Poles, after the startling destruction of the Russian army and auxiliary western mercenaries at Kluszyn (4 July 1610,) Szujski was removed by a court rebellion and the Poles moved to Moscow unopposed.
	www.allempires.com /empires/polish_lit_full/polish_lit1.htm (2253 words)

	Stanislaw Zolkiewski - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Stanislaw Zolkiewski - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 01:28, 2 Jun 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Stanislaw Zolkiewski contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Stanislaw_Zolkiewski (203 words)

	The Rise To Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		From 1609 Poland became involved in a series of wars and was invaded by Swedes, Turks and Muscovites in such numbers that the country was almost submerged by enemy forces; this period became known as the "Deluge".
		The devastation and loss of life were tremendous and Poland was only saved by a number of outstanding military commanders (Jan Zamoyski, Stanislaw Zolkiewski, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and Stanislaw Koniecpolski) who archived some great victories (Kluszyn, 1610; Kircholm, 1605; Chocim, 1612).
		One historic episode during the "Deluge" was the defence of Czestochowa, Poland's most sacred shrine containing the picture of the Virgin Mary (the "Black Madonna"), by a small force led by the Prior and his monks against a besieging army of 9,000 Swedes.
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/RisePower.html (1755 words)

	Our Sister Cities: Warsaw & Mazovia Province, Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A chronological list of the names includes: Konstanty Ostrogski, Jan Tarnowski, Stefan Batory (King), Jan Zamoyski, Mikolaj Radziwil, Krzysztof Radziwil, Karol Chodkiewicz, Stanislaw Zolkiewski, Stanislaw Lubomirski, Stanislaw Koniecpolski, Jeremi Wisniowiecki, Stefan Czarniecki, and Jan Sobieski (King).
		Polish ideals of manhood during the Renaissance and early Baroque
		Commanders Karol Chodkiewicz of Lithuania and Stanislaw Lubomirski
	www.sandiegosistercities.org /sister/warsaw/hussaria.html (1993 words)

	The Later 16th Century
		It was not before 1596 that a Polish army under Stanislaw Zolkiewski forced the Cozacks to capitulate.
		Zamoyski and Zolkiewski succeeded, however, in restoring the pro-Polish Mohylas in Moldavia.
		Though the frontier where the Cozacks were usually fighting was now comparatively quiet, they soon found other occasions for satisfying their warlike spirit in Poland’s campaigns against distant Sweden and Orthodox Moscow.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/11.htm (5756 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Polish Literature
		The prose writers of this period are also inferior to their predecessors, the historians being the best, and the best among the historians, Lubienski and Biasecki, were perhaps worthy successors to those of former times.
		Memoirs began to abound, curious and important as sources of history, the best of them being those of Stanislaus Olbracht Radziwill and Zolkiewski.
		It has fully understood, even when it has failed to fulfil, the idea of Christian civilisation.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12196a.htm (5032 words)

	History's Hall Of Fame - History Forum
		Feliks Dzierzynski, not becuz he killed a lot of people or anything but becuz of how determined he was towards communism, and he made Stalin and Lenin a bit scared...
		Stanislaw Zolkiewski for doing something not a lot have done, invaded Moscow successfully, well eventually the army had to retreat due to lack of supplies...also the orthodox people didn't wanna get converted to roman Catholicism.
		Jozef Pilsudski the Father of Reborn Poland after 123 years of foreign rule, he built an army out of a rifle man's club united the Poles from 3 parts of the partitioning powers Austria Prussia Russia.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2600 (1327 words)

	FUNDACJA BUKOWINA - Foundation history
		It was the first time we used our visit in Romania to getting to know the other Poles living there.
		This was the goal of our journey to Jassy; a town in vicinity of which there is village of Cecora where in 1620 marshal Stanislaw Zolkiewski has fallen during polish army retreat.
		Reaching the famous village that has neither trace nor memory about the battle was tough even for the Romania.
	www.bukowina.org.pl /en/onas_historia.html (1341 words)

	Polish Renaissance Warfare - Muscovite Polish War 1610-18 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At the head of 13,000 troops he invaded Russia.
		The Royal Grand Hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski wanted to go straight for Moscow, since the army greatly lacked infantry and artillery.
		But the King decided to besiege Smolensk, a heavily fortified and well garrisoned town.
	www.jasinski.co.uk /wojna/battles/1610-Rus/1610-Rus-00.htm (95 words)

	Courtly Lives - House of Sobieski (gen 8 - 9)
		Zofia's brother, Stanislaw Danillowicz, died in Tartar captivity.
		Zofia's grandparents were: Stanislaw Zolkiewski (1550-1620) and Regina Herburtowna (1566-1626).
		Jan's grandfather was Hetman Zolkiewski, and he and his brother were both beheaded in battle with the Tartars; while his uncle, Stanislaw Danillowicz died in Tartar captivity.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/Sobieski.html (2426 words)

	Short History of Poland
		In 1704 Sweden won, Augustus was removed and the Voivode of Poznan, Stanislaw Leszczynski, was elected in his place.
		In 1709 the Russians defeated the Swedes at Poltava and Augustus was returned to the throne.
		The reign of the magnate, Stanislaw August Poniatowski, 1764 - 1795, a favourite of Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, was totally controlled by Russia.
	www.kresy.co.uk /poland_history.html (5959 words)

	Myriobiblos On Line Library of the Church of Greece - English Texts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		On the history of the Zamosc Academy, to which many young Orthodox nobles were sent, see J.K. Kochanowski, Dzieje Akademii Zamojskiej (Cracow, 1899-1900).
		Stanislaw Zolkiewski was the illustrious commander-in-chief of the Polish armies in the late l6th and early l7th centuries who devastated the Cossack forces around the turn of the century and led a highly successful expedition into Muscovy in 1610, capturing the boyas Tsar Vasilii Shuiskii.
		John Charles Chodkiewicz, of the family which had earlier given Ivan Fedorov refuge, commanded the Lithuanian armies in the war with Sweden (1601-1606), suppressed the rebellious Polish gentry in 1606, invaded Muscovy with Zolkiewski in 1610, and also died in battle against the Turks in 1621.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/florovsky_ways_chap2notes.html (10524 words)

	Unia & Polska: Archiwum 1998 - 1999
		Kamieniecki writes that Polish local government officials have yet to dare to take such a step.
		STANISLAW ZOLKIEWSKI, U-P's sports writer next reports on the troubled relationship which is developing between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and European sports ministers.
		The latter don't want to see the International anti drugs agency to be run solely by the IOC.
	www.unia-polska.pl /archive/98-99/9911_1/En_Acct_Abstract.html (2099 words)

	Polish History - Part 7
		That drew Poland into a war with Russia.
		Following a crucial victory scored by Hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski at Kluszyn (1610), the Polish army entered Moscow.
		That, however, was a short-lived success, as opposition to foreign rule increased in Russia.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history7.htm (1375 words)

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