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Topic: Stannary Parliament

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Devon

	Stannaries - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Stannary courts exercised a jurisdiction peculiar to Cornwall and Devon.
		An officer was appointed by the duke of Cornwall or the Crown, who was lord warden of the stannaries, and the parliaments were assembled by him from time to time, in order to revise old or to enact new laws.
		By the Stannaries Courts Abolition Act 1896 the jurisdiction of the courts was transferred to the county courts.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Stannaries (388 words)

	Stannary Courts and Parliaments - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Stannary Parliaments and Stannary Courts were legislative and legal institutions in Cornwall and in Devon in the Dartmoor area.
		The Stannary Courts administered equity for the region's tin-miners and tin mining interests, and they were also courts of record for the towns dependent on the mines.
		Executive authority in stannary areas was exercised by the Lord Warden of the Stannaries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stannary_Courts_and_Parliaments (1157 words)

	Stannary - Cornwall Online Cornish Stannary (Tin) Law and Institutions
		The Cornish Stannaries are a constituent part of the Duchy of Cornwall and are currently vested in the Prince Charles as Duke of Cornwall.
		The Lord Warden of the Stannaries used to exercise judicial and military functions in Cornwall, and is still the official who, upon the commission of the Monarch or Duke of Cornwall for the time being, has the function of calling a Parliament or Convocation of Tinners in Cornwall.
		Further Royal Charters affecting the administration of the Stannaries of Cornwall (and Devon) and the rights and privileges of tinners were those of King John in 1201, King Edward I in 1305, King Edward IV in 1466, and the Charter of Pardon of King Henry VII in 1508.
	www.kernowtgg.co.uk /laity.html (1192 words)

	devon - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Devon's tin miners enjoyed a substantial degree of independence through Devon's stannary parliament, which dates back to the twelfth century.
		The stannary parliament met in an open air parliament at Crockern Tor (Dartmoor) with stannators appointed to it from each stannary town.
		The parliament maintained its own gaol (at Lydford) and had a brutal and 'bloody' reputation for justice, and once even gaoled an English MP in the reign of Henry VIII.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Devon (1533 words)

	Stannary Towns - Cornwall
		Stannary Law took precedence over Common Law and thus the tinners’ parliament was able to ignore some of the laws of the land.
		The powerful rights of the Stannary Parliament caused great dissatisfaction to the landowning classes, as laws could be overturned by Stannary law if the tinners were upset.
		The Court of Chancery recognised the immunity of the Stannary Courts in 1562 and Tinners’ Rights were claimed as recently as the 1980s in an attempt to override the poll tax.
	www.cornwalls.co.uk /history/industrial/stannary_towns.htm (838 words)

	stannery
		For the remainder of the 13th Century the Stannaries were under the Earls of Cornwall.
		The Stannaries were granted to the newly appointed Duke of Cornwall and his heirs of the Plantagenet dynasty, which ended in the death of Richard III.
		Charles I's reign: The Long Parliament went to work, and practically without dissension passed a series of Acts that reduced the Crown to financial dependence upon Parliament, and laid the foundation for a limited monarchy.
	homepages.tesco.net /~k.wasley/stannery.htm (1853 words)

	Devon's Mining History and Stannary parliament
		The authority of the stannary parliaments extended to anyone who was involved in the tin mining industry, and as this included people involved with 'tin streaming' (excavating river banks to remove the tin content) which was a popular activity needing little equipment, the laws therefore impacted a large proportion of the population.
		Devon's parliament met in an open air forum at Crockern Tor on Dartmoor, and stannators were appointed to it from the various stannary towns (which have included Plympton, Chagford, Tavistock and Ashburton) and a stannary prison existed at Lydford.
		The last sitting of the Devon Stannary Parliament was in 1748, and it is rumoured that they adjourned to a pub in Tavistock.
	users.senet.com.au /~dewnans/Devon_Stannary_History.html (618 words)

	Crockern Tor
		The Lord Warden was head of the stannary officials and communicated with the King or Prince and the miners.
		They were excused any jury service apart from that of the stannary courts and even had the right to muster their own militia in times of war, this was under the command of the Lord Warden.
		By the mid 1700's the importance of the stannaries began to wane and the tin industry decline due to the reduced dependency on The Crown for tin revenues.
	www.legendarydartmoor.co.uk /crockern_tor.htm (1524 words)

	Mine Costs 2
		Stannary fees were paid by all producers of mineral in Cornwall and Devon.
		The origin of the Stannary Parliaments goes back more than 800 years, and in the 1800's the mine owners were still paying dues or fees to the Stannary Parliament on the value of mineral sold.
		If one assumes that the Stannary fees as entered in the book are correct, and then compare the total income from the mine with the total costs, then it is obvious that the mine made a huge loss to a degree that I do not feel is possible.
	www.higgsoldminestats.com /management_costs.htm (666 words)

	[No title]
		During the history of the stannaries, the Parliament was convened infrequently and usually at the behest of the Lord Warden, who supervises the stannaries, along with the vice-warden of the stannaries.
		Supporters of the stannaries claim, not unreasonably, that although the stannary courts and parliament were embodied in the activities of the tin miners, they were in fact the incarnation of ancient Celtic traditions of the Cornish people.
		As the Cornish try to keep alive their ancient culture, the traditions of the stannaries become an important focus and in fact the authority of the Parliament has recently been tested within the British legal system and found to be solid.
	www.pjsymes.com.au /articles/Private02.htm (2575 words)

	The Law and Smuggling
		It was from those sessions of jurymen sitting under a Royal official that the Parliaments or Convocations of Tinners of Cornwall (and Devon) came.
		However, a difference was made between Cornwall and Devon (whose Stannaries where to be administered and kept separate) in that the Cornish who spoke, what was to the Normans /Saxons, a foreign language were to be treated as Aliens and were therefore to be taxed as such, paying double what the Devonians paid.
		By 1746 Parliament and the king were getting to the point where they felt that the lack of convictions may be due to the leading lights of the establishment and the magistrates being in league with the smugglers.
	members.tripod.com /morrab/law_and_smuggling.htm (4937 words)

	In the Agora: The Wacky Legacies of British Constitutional History
		And Cornwall may have a Parliament that time forgot: It is a live dispute whether the abolition of the Stannary Parliament in the late nineteenth century was legal or not.
		Arguably falling under the status of 'domestic' oddities is the Isle of Man, which lies smack dab in the center of the Irish Sea, or, rather, equidistant from England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland--the four major parts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
		The I.o.M. is, instead, neither a member of the U.K. nor of the EU, and its government is dominated by the Tynwald parliament, and especially the Lower House, the House of Keys.
	www.intheagora.com /archives/2005/02/the_wacky_legac.html (594 words)

	Guardian \| How three Cornish men and a raid on King Arthur's castle rocked English Heritage
		For 11 months three members of Cornwall's ancient Stannary parliament, which sees the county as an independent nation, waged guerrilla war against the might of English Heritage.
		A self-employed builder, he is the parliament's "keeper of the seal" and for the purposes of Operation Chough was also awarded the title "bailiff".
		It believes Cornwall is independent and the parliament may still be entitled to powers such as the veto.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4338871-103690,00.html (1066 words)

	Dartmoor - Tin mining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		of Cornwall, and Tavistock, Ashburton and Chagford were appointed Stannary Towns, for the weighing and stamping of the metal, Plympton being added subsequently as nearer to the seaboard and therefore handy for the coastwise and export trade.
		The tinners had their parliament, the Stannary Parliament, which regulated the industry in all respects.
		This court, which is mentioned in charters of John and Edward I (the latter appointing Lydford as the Stannary prison for Devon), was originally held upon Hingston Down, just across the Tamar in Cornwall, but when the miners of Cornwall and Devon separated the latter met on Crockern Tor, near Two Bridges.
	www.projects.ex.ac.uk /brad/noindex/dartmoor/books/wlc/p32.htm (301 words)

	GENUKI/Devon: Lydford
		Lydford, although now an inconsiderable village, was formerly a market and chief stannary town returning two members to parliament in the reign of Edward I. At the time of the Norman conquest it was considered of such importance as to be taxed on an equality with London.
		In 1238 the forest of Dartmoor and the castle of Lydford were granted by the king to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, and the manor still belongs to the duchy.
		The stannary courts were held here till the close of the last century, and offenders against the stannary laws were tried and imprisoned in the castle, of which some remains still exist.
	genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk /DEV/Lydford/Gaz1868.html (734 words)

	gazzette
		The principal officer, appointed by the Duke of Cornwall as his representative, the powers of the Warden being, ex officio (a) to convene the Stannary Parliament as the Convocation of Cornwall, (b) as judge of appeal in the Stannary Courts system, and, (c) to muster the Tinners.
		The Court then decided, that as the original Parliament, the Assembly of Titters, was normally nominated by the miners themselves, that approval of election at the nominees would be voted upon, by the representatives present at the court.
		In consequence of this confirmation, it has been unanimously decided, by the Statuary Parliament, that the names of the Stannators, elected by the miners to serve in the Stannary Parliament, will again be presented to the Stannary Mayors and Councils, for ratification, in accordance with the stated requirements of the Home Secretary.
	www.dmeagor.freeserve.co.uk /kernow/gazzette.htm (3534 words)

	Medieaval Mining by the Old Men - Dartmoor, Devon.
		The King set up "stannary" towns, locations to which the mineral had to be presented for assaying before being sent to the smelters proper to be turned into pewter etc:.
		The tinners themselves were so important to the King and his Treasury that he allowed them to have their own Parliament which had the power to ignore some of the rulings of the Parliament in London and Stannary Law took precedence over Common Law.
		These rights of the "Stannary Parliament" were very powerful and were a cause of great dissatisfaction to the people in general, especially the landowning classes.
	www.crying-fox.com /mine3.htm (746 words)

	BBC News \| ENGLAND \| Historic signs case trio bound over
		The trio, members of the Cornish Stannary Parliament, also removed the signs from Tintagel and Pendennis Castles in protest at the word "English" being used to describe them.
		But Colin Murley, a member of the Stannary Parliament and spokesman for the three men, said its members supported their actions.
		The Stannary Parliament meets monthly in Redruth, Cornwall, and was originally founded in the Middle Ages to control tin mining.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/england/1768853.stm (371 words)

	Tyr-Gwyr-Gweryn
		At 8.00 am on 20th January the English Heritage sign at Chysauster was removed by the Bailiff of the Cornish Stannary Parliament and returned to English Heritage at 29 Queen Square, Bristol at 1.45 pm.
		The Parliament has decided to continue to remove English Heritage signs in Cornwall until English Heritage realise they are involved in an act of theft and relinquish their imposed position by moving out of Cornwall so that our heritage can be promoted by the Cornish as Cornish.
		Although Rodney Nute, Hugh Rowe and Nigel Hicks of the Cornish Stannary Parliament leave court without a stain on their criminal record, and this in itself is a moral victory, many questions remain unanswered.
	www.kernowtgg.co.uk /actions2.html (1759 words)

	STANNARIES (Lat. stann... - Online Information article about STANNARIES (Lat. stann...
		wall were exempt from all other jurisdiction than that of the stannary courts, except in cases affecting See also:
		warden of the stannaries, and the parliaments were assembled by him from time to time, in See also:
		act of parliament was afterwards (1836) passed, suppressing the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SOU_STE/STANNARIES_Lat_stannum_Cornish_.html (1009 words)

	Siol nan Gaidheal : Think Tank # 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		As I write, I see pictures on "local" and national TV of the tyrant himself swanning around the ancient stannary town of Helston (where he comes to assist the English aldermen celebrate the 800th anniversary of the town's founding charter) which, as the name suggests, has strong associations with my ancient Cornish Stannary Parliament.
		Isn't it surprising that no mention of the Duke's parliament is made, especially when one is aware that this year is also the 800th anniversary of an early stannary charter.
		Instead of comment or investigation of this truly ancient British parliament, we are treated to the most nauseating scenes of sycophants fawning before the confounded man in the most embarrassing display of bowing and scraping I have ever had the misfortune to have witnessed.
	www.siol-nan-gaidheal.com /tt16.htm (1045 words)

	Our Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The first port of call is Ashburton, an ancient stannary town.
		A stannary town is where the tin miners sent the tin ingot to be stamped with the owners name.
		This is the Tor where the ancient Stannary Parliament was held.
	www.dartmoortours.co.uk /tours.php (652 words)

	Page 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Secondly, an ambiguous constitutional position was reflected in what has been described as devices of ‘accommodation’, special institutions that helped solve the problems of governing this remote territory in the medieval period (Payton, 1992, 47).
		Examples were the Duchy of Cornwall, formed in 1337, and the Stannary courts and parliament, guaranteed by charters of 1201, 1305 and 1508, the last of which extended the Stannary Parliament’s legislative powers and "provided (an) aura of semi-independence" that recognised Cornwall’s distinct constitutional position in the medieval British Isles (Payton, 1992, 52).
		Indeed, the Cornish Stannary Parliament had continued to meet for 300 years after the last representative Welsh assembly of the 1400's.
	www.geecee.co.uk /CNMR/sect4.htm (1514 words)

	Cornish Stannary Parliament \| Cornish Football Uk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
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	bsly.info /cornish-stannary-parliament.htm (411 words)

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