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Topic: Stapes

In the News (Sun 26 May 13)

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	1999; Three-dimensional vibration of the stapes in the cat middle ear
		Under this concept the motions of malleus and stapes are one-dimensional.
		The motion of the stapes has been difficult to measure in the past because access is limited and only a small portion of the crura can be seen.
		To determine its 3D motion, the vibration of the stapes was measured with a confocal heterodyne interferometer at three points from different viewing angles.
	www.aro.org /archives/1999/437.html (333 words)

	Ruhr-Universität Bochum
		In all the animations the motions of the ossicles are represented normalized to the upward/downward motion of the stapes.
		At 5,000 Hz the stapes displacement is about 0.23 nm for a 1 Pa stimulation at the eardrum, compared to 17 nm at 100 Hz.
		In the case of a stimulation perpendicular to the stapes footplate - which is given here - the relative motion is quantity, that governs the perception of hearing: it is the motion of the footplate relative to the surrounding oval window.
	www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de /ika/ika/forschung/praesentationen/animation_engl.htm (0 words)

	Otosclerosis (May 1996)
		Congenital fixation of the stapes- may occur as a isolated abnormality of the middle ear, and should be considered in cases of stable hearing loss since early childhood.
		Several methods of stapes manipulation have been developed to release the stapes fixation and allow transmission of sound along the ossicles and into the oval window.
		In these cases, the stapes suprastructure is removed, then the bone overlying the oval window is thinned with a small drill.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/otoscler.htm (0 words)

	Stapedectomy - Definition, Purpose, Demographics, Description, Diagnosis/preparation, Aftercare, Risks, Normal results, ...
		Stapedectomy is a surgical procedure in which the innermost bone (stapes) of the three bones (the stapes, the incus, and the malleus) of the middle ear is removed, and replaced with a small plastic tube surrounding a short length of stainless steel wire (a prosthesis).
		A laser or small drill may be used to cut through the tendon and arch of the stapes bone, which is then removed from the middle ear.
		A stapedotomy is a surgical procedure similar to a stapedectomy except that the surgeon uses the laser to cut a hole in the stapes in order to insert the prosthesis rather than removing the stapes.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /Pa-St/Stapedectomy.html (2306 words)

	Otosclerosis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Such degeneration can cause a buildup of excess bone tissue around the stapes (a bone in the middle ear), which in turn causes the stapes to become fixed.
		A number of other diseases may affect the ossicles (small bones of the middle ear) or mobility of the tympanic membrane; it is important to determine the precise cause of hearing loss in order to properly treat it.
		Otosclerosis is usually treated by a surgical procedure called a stapedectomy, which replaces the stapes with an artificial prosthesis and usually restores normal hearing.
	www.entcolumbia.org /otoscler.htm (560 words)

	Otosclerosis
		Otosclerosis implies a fixation of the stapes or stirrup bone of the middle ear.
		The head noise may be produced by either the fixation of the stapes or by the involvement of the inner ear, or both.
		This stapes operation allows the sound vibrations to pass again from the eardrum through the middle ear to the inner ear.
	members.aol.com /orlmd/otosclerosis.htm (719 words)

	Stapes - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which attaches the incus to the fenestra ovalis, the "oval window" which is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear.
		The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the fenestra ovalis.
		The stapes is called the collumela in non-mammals, and is present in all species with ears.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Stapes (95 words)

	ESG: Otosclerosis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		("Staped" refers to the stapes bone and "ectomy" is the medical term for surgical removal.) The procedure is performed under local or general anesthesia using either a laser or a small drill and microscopic techniques.
		This tissue is used as a graft to seal around the stapes prosthesis to prevent the inner ear fluids from escaping into the middle ear.
		The upper part of the stapes (the "superstructure") is then removed using either a laser or a small drill.
	www.earspecialtygroup.com /dis_otos_frm.html (779 words)

	Otosclerosis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These vibrations are transmitted from malleus, to incus, to stapes, and finally to the fluid of the inner ear.
		Notice in the illustration to the left that the malleus and incus are moving normally, but the stapes is motionless or "fixed".
		The piston goes into the hole in the stapes footplate and the wire is hooked onto the incus and tightened to prevent slipping.
	www.surgery.ucsd.edu /ent/PatientInfo/info_otosclerosis.html (849 words)

	UW Medicine - Stapes Surgery
		Stapes surgery (also called stapedotomy or stapedectomy) is performed to correct hearing loss resulting from bony overgrowth in the middle ear (otosclerosis).
		When the innermost bone, the stapes, is affected by otosclerosis, it loses its conducting ability and the patient loses hearing.
		He then removes the portion of the stapes next to the other middle-ear bones and, using either a drill or laser, creates a small hole in the part of the stapes next to the inner ear.
	www.uwmedicine.org /PatientCare/MedicalSpecialties/SpecialtyCare/UWMEDICALCENTER/Otolaryngology/FAQ/stapessurgery.htm (623 words)

	Otosclerosis
		Congenital fixation of the stapes- may occur as a isolated abnormality of the middle ear, and should be considered in cases of stable hearing loss since early childhood.
		The stapes is then palpated to confirm fixation, and the oval and round windows are evaluated for extent of disease.
		Several methods of stapes manipulation have been developed to release the stapes fixation and allow transmission of sound along the ossicles and into the oval window.
	otohns.net /default.asp?id=14041 (5564 words)

	eMedicine - Middle Ear, Otosclerosis : Article by Jack A Shohet, MD
		Toynbee described fixation of the stapes to the margins of the oval window in 1841 and found similar cases in 136 of 1,000 temporal bone dissections.
		Stapes fixation produces an audiometric artifact known as the Carhart notch, which is characterized by elevation of bone conduction thresholds of 5 dB at 500 Hz, 10 dB at 1000 Hz, 15 dB at 2000 Hz, and 5 dB at 4000 Hz.
		Documenting the risks of a stapes operation is helpful from a medicolegal standpoint; the risks of stapes include, but are not limited to permanent and complete hearing loss, facial paralysis, permanent or temporary taste alterations, tinnitus, vertigo, tympanic membrane perforation, infection, and failure of the surgery to improve hearing.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic218.htm (4114 words)

	Otosclerosis on the rise in India
		Otosclerosis is a condition that affects the stapes, one of the tiny bony ossicles in the middle ear.
		The foot of the stapes, where it attaches to the cochlea, is usually where the condition starts.
		The abnormal bone reduces the movement of the stapes, which reduces the amount of sound that is transferred to the cochlea.
	www.chennaionline.com /health/ENT/2006/11ent-01.asp (706 words)

	Otosclerosis-Ears of Texas, PA
		In the middle ear, otosclerosis prevents the stapes, one of the bones in the middle ear, from vibrating correctly in response to sound waves.
		The stapes bone is positioned in a small groove called the oval window and is in intimate contact with the inner ear fluids.
		For the stapes operation to be successful in restoring hearing in otosclerosis, the hearing nerve must be able to receive and transmit sound to the brain.
	www.earsoftexas.com /otosc.htm (874 words)

	Professional Football Researchers Association- Pro Football History
		The Stapes started out in 1915, five years before the NFL was born in the midwest.
		On October 6, the Stapes opened their ten-game NFL schedule by hosting the Dayton Triangles, a club which had gone 0-7 in '28 and had no prospects for improvement this year.
		The Stapes wore jersies which were solid fl in front and on the sleeves and solid white on the back with a big fl number.
	www.footballresearch.com /articles/frpage.cfm?topic=stapes (6190 words)

	Stapes Information
		Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum.
		The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis.
		In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Stapes (143 words)

	Adult Health Advisor 2005.4: Ear Surgery: Stapedectomy
		The stapes (also called the stirrup) is a small, stirrup-shaped bone in the part of the ear called the middle ear.
		Your health care provider may suspect that the bottom part of the stapes (called the footplate) is kept from moving freely by an overgrowth of surrounding bone.
		He or she will remove all or part of the top of the stapes and remove the footplate or create a hole in it with a laser.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/aha_stpect_crs.htm (883 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During a stapedectomy, an incision is made in the skin of the ear canal, the skin and eardrum are lifted to expose the stapes bone, and the stapes bone is removed.
		A prosthesis is put in place where the stapes bone had been and the eardrum and skin of the ear canal are laid back in place.
		A stapedectomy is sometimes performed in patients who have a congenital abnormality of the stapes or have sustained a fracture of the stapes from a traumatic incident.
	www.marshfieldclinic.org /patients/pages/?page=ent_ear_stapedectomy (788 words)

	ADW: Jaws and Ears
		Two characteristics of mammals that are at least sometimes preserved in the fossil record are (1) the mammalian middle ear contains a chain of three bones, the malleus, incus, and stapes; and (2) the lower jaw of mammals consists of a single bone.
		The arrangement of malleus, incus, and stapes actually serves as a sort of lever system that magnifies the vibrations received on the tympanum, increasing their amplitude across the chain.
		As was certainly the case in the case of therapsids, movement of the stapes transmits sound to the inner ear, where it is turned into nervous impulses and sent to the brain.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/topics/mammal_anatomy/jaws_and_ears.html (1316 words)

	Otosclerosis
		Otosclerosis involves the small bones of the middle ear, the malleus (2), the incus (3) and the stapes (4), as well as the bone that surrounds the inner ear, which is called the otic capsule.
		These are labeled the malleus, incus and stapes (2-4) in figure 1, and are also known in aggregate as the "ossicles".
		A bony ankylosis (knee) knits the bone of the middle ear to the stapes, preventing normal transmission of sound from the eardrum into the inner ear.
	www.dizziness-and-balance.com /disorders/hearing/otoscler.html (2412 words)

	MEI: Otosclerosis Patient Brochure (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If the stapes operation is successful you will have improved hearing from the involved side, will have less difficulty in determining the direction of sound, and should hear better in difficult listening situations.
		If the stapes operation is successful, you should be able to hear in many situations without an aid, but you may need an aid for distant hearing.
		The stapes operation can be performed on previously fenestrated ears, providing the hearing nerve function is essentially the same as necessary for an initial stapes operation.
	www.michiganear.com /library/brochures/otosclerosis (1615 words)

	Stapes definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
		Stapes: A stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear.
		The stapes transmits sound vibrations from the incus, another little bone in the middle ear, to the oval window adjacent to the inner ear.
		Stapes, a Late Latin word meaning stirrup, cannot have been a classical Latin term because the Romans rode without stirrups (or a saddle).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25697 (0 words)

	Otosclerosis - Patient UK
		Otosclerosis is a condition that affects the stapes, one of the tiny bony ossicles in the middle ear.
		The foot of the stapes, where it attaches to the cochlea, is usually where the condition starts.
		The abnormal bone reduces the movement of the stapes, which reduces the amount of sound that is transferred to the cochlea.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/23069149 (0 words)

	Current Multiplanar Imaging of the Stapes -- Henrot et al. 26 (8): 2128 -- American Journal of Neuroradiology
		PURPOSE: CT analysis of the stapes is difficult in the axial
		Only the normal side was examined in the AP and oblique axial plane (OAP), in the plane of the stapes superstructure.
		the AP and the OAP in the analysis of the stapes crura were
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/abstract/26/8/2128 (0 words)

	Stapes Surgery
		HEARING LOSS --The goal of stapes surgery is to improve hearing.
		This is due to the nerve to the taste buds which passes through the middle ear (chorda tympani nerve).
		This alteration of taste is usually temporary but may take months to disappear or rarely may be permanent.
	www.headandneckdoctors.com /services/pre-op/stapes-surgery.html (240 words)

	Stapedectomy
		The stapes is the third of the three little hearing bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear fluid so that we can hear.
		The stapes sets the inner ear fluids in motion which excites the hearing nerve to carry the sound on to the brain.
		During the operative procedure the eardrum is gently lifted, the diseased and fixed stapes is removed.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/clinic/educate/staped.html (981 words)

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