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Topic: Staphylococcus aureus

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Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus

Antibiotic resistance

Staphylococcus

Staph

MRSA

Vancomycin

Antibiotic

Orsa

Coccus

Strep throat

Blood agar

Cellulitis

Pneumonia

Ecoli

Salmonellosis

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	What Is Staphylococcus Aureus?
		Staphylococcus aureus (also known as golden staph) is a bacterium, frequently living on the skin or in the nose of a healthy person, that can cause illnesses ranging from minor skin infections (such as pimples, boils, and cellulitis) and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis and septicemia.
		Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: report of an outbreak in a London teaching hospital; Duckworth GJ et al.; An outbreak with a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus began in The London Hospital in 1982 and continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
		Cloning and characterization of the repressor gene of the Staphylococcus aureus lactose operon; Oskouian B et al.; The genes responsible for utilization of lactose in Staphylococcus aureus are organized as an inducible operon, with galactose 6-phosphate being the intracellular inducer.
	www.bionewsonline.com /i/what_is_staphylococcus_aureus.htm (19129 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN BAM - Staphylococcus aureus
		aureus is the causative agent of foodborne illness, to determine whether a food is a potential source of "staph" food poisoning, and to demonstrate post-processing contamination, which is generally due to human contact or contaminated food-contact surfaces.
		aureus organisms in a food may indicate poor handling or sanitation; however, it is not sufficient evidence to incriminate a food as the cause of food poisoning.
		aureus are circular, smooth, convex, moist, 2-3 mm in diameter on uncrowded plates, gray to jet-fl, frequently with light-colored (off-white) margin, surrounded by opaque zone and frequently with an outer clear zone; colonies have buttery to gummy consistency when touched with inoculating needle.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~ebam/bam-12.html (1604 words)

	Staphylococcus - MicrobeWiki
		Staphylococcus Aureus is a gram positive bacteria, which means that the cell wall of this bacteria consists of a very thick peptidoglycan layer.
		Staphylococcus Aureus is a normal inhabitant of the skin and mucous membranes in the nose of a healthy human, while S.
		Staphylococcus Aureus is the most common cause of staph infections and is responsible for various diseases including: mild skin infections (impetigo, folliculitis, etc.), invasive diseases (wound infections, osteomyelitis, bacteremia with metastatic complications, etc.), and toxin mediated diseases (food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome or TSS, scaled skin syndrome, etc.).
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Staphylococcus (1034 words)

	Foodborne - Staphylococcus aureus
		Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of foodborne illness that is not covered in some epidemiologic surveillance programs.
		Staphylococcus aureus is also responsible for skin abscesses, pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome.
		Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium found on the skin and in the noses of up to 50 percent of healthy people and animals.
	www.ecolab.com /PublicHealth/Saureus.asp (588 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Staphylococcus aureus (commonly called staph infection) is a spherical bacterium, frequently living on the skin or in the nose of a healthy person, that can cause illnesses ranging from minor skin infections (such as pimples, boils, and cellulitis) and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and septicemia.
		aureus superinfection is an uncommon complication of influenza.
		aureus is one of the causal agents of mastitis in dairy cows.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus (1484 words)

	safefood (Site not responding. Last check: )
		aureus are fairly heat sensitive, however heat can not be relied on to make food safe as a heat stable toxin is produced in the food.
		aureus is a poor competitor in the presence of other microorganisms, foods responsible for outbreaks are often those that have been heated to destroy microorganisms, and then require some food handling and storage at room temperature.
		aureus can easily be isolated from foods using traditional cultural techniques, although these techniques will not allow for the identification of strains capable of producing enterotoxin.
	www.safefood.net.au /content.cfm?sid=467 (757 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus
		aureus is a major cause of hospital acquired (nosocomial) infection of surgical wounds and infections associated with indwelling medical devices.
		S aureus responded to the introduction of antibiotics by the usual bacterial means to develop drug resistance: (1) mutation in chromosomal genes followed by selection of resistant strains and (2) acquisition of resistance genes as extrachromosomal plasmids, transducing particles, transposons, or other types of DNA inserts.
		aureus type 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides conjugated to nontoxic recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. In randomized trials, one injection of the vaccine was administered to 892 hemodialysis patients.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /staph.html (3319 words)

	FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Staphylococcus aureus
		aureus is a spherical bacterium (coccus) which on microscopic examination appears in pairs, short chains, or bunched, grape-like clusters.
		aureus isolated from foods as well as methods for the separation and detection of toxins in foods have been developed and used successfully to aid in the diagnosis of the illness.
		Growth of the staphylococcus probably occurred also during the period when the food was kept in the warm classrooms.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap3.html (1414 words)

	Management of Staphylococcus aureus Infections - December 15, 2005 -- American Family Physician
		aureus in vitro; approved for adults with complicated skin and soft-tissue infections14; highly bound to serum proteins but has poor penetration in lung tissue; and inactivated by surfactant, so it should not be used for pulmonary infections.
		aureus is estimated to cause approximately 2 percent of all bacterial meningitis cases from a hematogenous or postoperative source.
		Staphylococcus aureus with heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin: epidemiology, clinical significance, and critical assessment of diagnostic methods.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20051215/2474.html (3144 words)

	Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infection
		Today up to 90% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates or strains arc penicillin-resistant, and about 27% of all S. aureus isolates are resistant to methicillin, a penicillin derivative.
		Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections can cause a broad range of symptoms depending on the part of the body that is infected.
		Although methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cannot be effectively treated with antibiotics such as methicillin, nafcillin, cephalosporin or penicillin, it can usually be treated with an antibiotic called vancomycin.
	www.health-care-tips.org /diseases/mrsa-infection.htm (483 words)

	Living with Staphylococcus Aureus (Illini DairyNet)
		Staphylococcus aureus produces an enzyme that breaks down the lining of the milk ducts and allows the bacteria to invade deep within the udder.
		Staphylococcus aureus can easily be spread from cow to cow with a common rag even when sanitizer is used in the udder wash. Single service cloth towels or disposable paper towels will eliminate this method of transmission.
		aureus in your herd is to identify infected cows and prevent the exposure of uninfected cows to contaminated milk.
	www.livestocktrail.uiuc.edu /dairynet/paperDisplay.cfm?ContentID=239 (1993 words)

	Staphylococcus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Staphylococcus (in Greek staphyle means bunch of grapes and coccos means granule) is a genus of gram-positive bacteria.
		Of this type, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has recently become a major cause of hospital-acquired infections and is being recognized with increasing frequency in community acquired infections.
		aureus is also implicated in toxic shock syndrome; during the 1980s some tampons allowed the rapid growth of S.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Staphylococcus (438 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus - Bad Bugs, Epidemiology Services
		Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that usually appears under the microscope as spherical (coccus) organisms appearing in pairs, short chains, or bunched, grape-like clusters.
		Staphylococcus aureus has been implicated as a causative agent in acute food poisoning episodes, toxic shock syndrome, impetigo, scalded skin syndrome, cellulitis, folliculitis and furuncles.
		aureus is also responsible for many infective and systemic infections in the health care setting.
	www.ehagroup.com /epidemiology/illnesses/staphylococcus-aureus.asp (406 words)

	Diseases - Activity 5 - VRSA Database, page 1
		MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, are strains of the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (SA) that have evolved resistance to the antibiotic methicillin.
		Scientists expect strains of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (SA) that are fully resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin to evolve soon.
		Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a bacterium that is commonly found on the skin and in the eyes, nose, and throat of animals and humans.
	science.education.nih.gov /supplements/nih1/diseases/activities/activity5_vrsa-database.htm (937 words)

	STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS MASTITIS: Cause, Detection, and Control
		aureus usually does not respond to antibiotic treatment, and infected cows eventually must be segregated or culled from the herd.
		aureus infections or those that have been treated with antibiotics should be milked last, or milked with separate milkers or milking units equipped with backflush to avoid spread of infection via contaminated teat cup liners.
		aureus infection is not treated, the bacteria penetrate the mammary gland tissues and the cow attempts to wall off the area, forming an abscess and eventual scar tissue (Belschner et al., 1996).
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/dairy/404-229/404-229.html (3602 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus Resistant to Vancomycin --- United States, 2002
		Staphylococcus aureus is a cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections (1,2).
		aureus bacteremia caused by an infected arteriovenous hemodialysis graft.
		aureus causes a wide range of human infections and is an important cause of health-care associated infections.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5126a1.htm (1323 words)

	STAPHYLOCOCCUS
		aureus is a leading cause of soft tissue infections, as well as toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and scalded skin syndrome.
		aureus has been found to be the causative agent in such ailments as pneumonia, meningitis, boils, arthritis, and osteomyelitis (chronic bone infection).
		aureus are penicillin resistant, but vancomycin and nafcillin are known to be effective against most strains.
	medic.med.uth.tmc.edu /path/00001456.htm (253 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus: A Most Common Cause, HYG-5564-98
		Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of foodborne illness.
		The food was placed in thermal containers and transported to the various schools at 9:30 AM to 10:30 AM, where it was kept at room temperature until served between 11:30 AM and noon.
		Prevention of this incident would have entailed screening the individuals who deboned the chicken for carriers of staphylococcus, more rapid cooling of the chicken, and adequate refrigeration of the salad from the time of preparation until it was eaten.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/5000/5564.html (911 words)

	HPA - Staphylococcus aureus
		Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that is a common coloniser of human skin and mucosa.
		Staphylococcus aureus can cause disease, particularly if there is an opportunity for the bacteria to enter the body.
		aureus bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, termed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
	www.hpa.org.uk /infections/topics_az/staphylo/default.htm (133 words)

	Staphylococcus aureus
		aureus were injected after vitrectomy, clindamycin and gentamicin in the irrigating solution significantly diminished the intraocular inflammation and the rate of positive bacterial culture.
		aureus bacteremia, the use of TEE to determine therapy duration is a cost-effective alternative to 2- or 4-week empirical therapy.
		aureus is prevalent in the community, methicillin resistance should be considered in any overwhelming staphylococcal infection not responding to conventional antibiotics despite adequate surgical debridement.
	www.bionewsonline.com /l/2/staphylococcus_aureus_k.htm (17426 words)

	eMedicine - Staphylococcus Aureus Infection : Article by Robert W Tolan, Jr
		Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus are gram-positive cocci that are microscopically observed as individual organisms, in pairs, and in irregular, grape-like clusters.
		S aureus is ubiquitous and may be a part of human flora found in the axillae, the inguinal and perineal areas, and the anterior nares.
		Wenzel RP, Perl TM. The significance of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and the incidence of postoperative wound infection.; J Hosp Infect. Sep 1995;31(1):13-24. [Medline].
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2704.htm (8685 words)

	Staph Infection (Staphylococcus Aureus) Symptoms, Causes and Treatment on MedicineNet.com
		Staphylococcus is group of bacteria, familiarly known as Staph (pronounced "staff"), that can cause a multitude of diseases as a result of infection of various tissues of the body.
		The name "Staphylococcus" comes from the Greek staphyle meaning a bunch of grapes and kokkos meaning berry, and that is what Staph look like under the microscope, like a bunch of grapes or little round berries.
		Toxic shock syndrome is characterized by the sudden onset of high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle aches, followed by low blood pressure (hypotension), which can lead to shock and death.
	www.medicinenet.com /staph_infection/article.htm (1045 words)

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