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Topic: State (disambiguation)


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In the News (Sun 12 Oct 08)

  
  CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
The concept of the state can be distinguished from two related concepts with which it is sometimes confused: the concept of a form of government or regime, such as democracy or dictatorship, and the concept of a political system.
This was not quite a 'state' in the Weberian sense of the term, since the king did not monopolize either the power of lawmaking (which was shared with the church) or the means of violence (which were shared with the nobles).
The rise of the "modern state" as a public power constituting the supreme political authority within a defined territory is associated with western Europe's gradual institutional development beginning in earnest in the late 15th century, culminating in the rise of absolutism and capitalism.
encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=State   (3968 words)

  
 STATE - GoGoSearch.com
The "state" can also be defined in terms of domestic conditions, specifically, as conceptualized by Max Weber, "a state is a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory." http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/xweb.htm The exact meaning of this definition depends on what is understood by "legitimate".
In 1302, Pope Boniface VIII stated that the political powers of Christendom exercised their prerogatives "at the command and sufferance of the priest." This limited the power of kings, who were obliged to pledge their ultimate allegiance to the Pope.
The nation state has remained the dominant political entity all over the world ever since, even though the many ideologies of the 19th and 20th century have created numerous different ways of running the affairs of nation states, as well as numerous different forms of internal and external organization (see political system and economic system).
www.gogosearch.com /wiki/state   (3544 words)

  
 State
The rise of the "modern state" as a public power constituting the supreme political authority within a defined territory is associated with western Europe's gradual institutional development beginning in earnest in the late 15th century, culminating in the rise of absolutism and capitalism.
Given the increasing institutional access to the state and role in the development of public policy by many parts of civil society, it is increasingly difficult to identify the boundaries of the state.
States are the subjects of public international law, also known as the "law of nations." Their existence and conduct is governed by treaties and customary rules.
www.1bx.com /en/State.htm   (2874 words)

  
 State - Wikipedia
A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory.
Another question on state formation has been whether it is best understood in terms of the internal dynamics and conflicts in a given country, or in terms of international dynamics such as war, imperialism, or economic domination.
Given the increasing institutional access to the state and role in the development of public policy by many parts of civil society, it is increasingly difficult to identify the boundaries of the state.
en.wikilib.com /wiki/State   (2539 words)

  
 State   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
The concept of the state can be distinguished from two related concepts with which it is sometimes confused: the concept of a form of government or regime, such as democracy or dictatorship, and the concept of a political system.
This was not quite a 'state' in the Weberian sense of the term, since the king did not monopolize either the power of lawmaking (which was shared with the church) or the means of violence (which were shared with the nobles).
States that were able to develop centralized tax-gathering bureaucracies and to field mass armies survived into the modern era; states that were not able to do so did not.
www.e-tv.co.za /s/t/a/State.html   (3916 words)

  
 state - Anarchopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
In casual language, the idea of a "state" and a "country" are usually regarded as synonymous, although some speakers, notably in the United States, make efforts to only use the terms "country" or "nation" to refer to sovereign entities.
Several of these philosophies use one form or another of the social contract theory, which affirms that the role of the state is (or should be) to follow the will of the people and serve their interests, as they define them.
While libertarians argue for a small or "minimal" state, which simply protects property rights and enforces individual contracts, the New Deal or social liberals argue that the state has a greater positive role to play, given the problems of market failure and gross inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth inside a capitalist system.
eng.anarchopedia.org /state   (1586 words)

  
 State - Gurupedia
For Weber, this was an "ideal type" or pure case of the state.
In broadly-defined liberal thinking, the role of the state is to express the public interest and to reconcile the interests of the whole society with those of individuals.
In Marxian thinking, the main role of the state is to use force to defend the existing system of social class domination and exploitation.
www.gurupedia.com /s/st/state.htm   (1271 words)

  
 Miami (disambiguation) - Wikitravel
Miami County (Indiana) - A county in the state of Indiana.
Miami County (Kansas) - A county in the state of Kansas.
Miami County (Ohio) - A county in the state of Ohio.
wikitravel.org /en/Miami_(disambiguation)   (239 words)

  
 State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A state is a set of institutions that possesses the exclusive legitimate authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory.
Weber stressed the state's monopoly of the means of physical violence and legitimacy.
A non-state community may become a state through cooperation with other states, along with a withdrawal pact signed by the former occupants.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/State   (2633 words)

  
 Qwika - similar:Athens,_Georgia
State of Georgia Flag of Georgia Seal of Georgia Nickname(s): Peach State / Empire State of the South Official language(s) English Capital Atlanta Largest city Atlanta Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 24th154,077 km²370 km...
State of Illinois Flag of Illinois Seal of Illinois Nickname(s): Land of Lincoln, The Prairie State Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 25...
This is a list of cities in the fifty United States as well as U.S.-owned territories (Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa) and the District of Columbia.
www.qwika.com /rels/Athens,_Georgia   (1471 words)

  
 State information - Search.com
A state is an organized political community, occupying a territory, and possessing internal and external sovereignty, that enforces a monopoly on the use of force.
However, number of modern commentators have claimed that we are experiencing the decline of the Westphalian state as the principal actor of the international system, pointing to economic, cultural, political, and technological changes in the world, such as globalization and the emergence of regional and supernational groupings such as the European Union.
The pluralist theories of the state assumed that the state was composed of different political actors and that the well-being of the state depended on allocating power to the most representative groups or individuals.
www.search.com /reference/State   (5099 words)

  
 United States   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
The Northern states were opposed to the expansion of slavery whereas the Southern states saw the opposition as an attack on their way of life, since their economy was dependent on slave labor.
The United States Constitution is the supreme legal document in the American system, and serves as a social contract between the people of the United States and their government.
The economic history of the United States is a story of economic growth that began with marginally successful colonial economies and progressed to the largest industrial economy in the world in the 20th and early 21st century.
www.tocatch.info /en/United_States.htm   (5271 words)

  
 Blanco State Park Texas   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
In casual language, the idea of a "state" and a " country " are usually regarded assynonymous, although some speakers, notably in the United Stote s, make efforts to only use the terms "country" or "nation" torefer to sovereign entities.
The "state" can thus also be defined in terms of domestic conditions, specifically the role of the monopolization of thelegitimate use of force within a country.
In the United States the concept of preserving unique landscapes forthe pleasure of the general public was established and implemented during the presidential administration of Teddy Roosevelt.Tourism and, later, recreation, were the intended purposes of the lands Roosevelt set aside in the system.
www.super8filmmaking.com /tail/7251-blanco-state-park-texas.html   (809 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Although her original assumption was that much disambiguation could be accomplished based on paragraph topic, she found that half of the disambiguation was actually accomplished using fixed phrase and syntactic information, while the other half was accomplished using commonsense reasoning.
Disambiguation was accomplished by selecting the sense of the target word whose signature contained the greatest number of overlaps with the signatures of neighboring words in its context.
The notion of disambiguating senses based on domain is implicit in various AI based approaches, such as Schank's script approach to natural language processing (Schank and Abelson, 1977), which matched words to senses based on the context or "script" activated by the general topic of the discourse.
aune.lpl.univ-aix.fr /pub/multext/cl/idevero.txt   (16819 words)

  
 The OSU Computer Science and Engineering Department
I advance the state of the art in several domains by (i) choosing representations that encode domain knowledge more effectively and (ii) developing machine learning algorithms that deal with the specific properties of linguistic disambiguation tasks - sparsity of training data and large, structured spaces of hidden labels.
For syntactic disambiguation, I present a novel representation of parse trees that connects the words of the sentence with the hidden syntactic structure in a direct way and leads to natural definition of tree kernels via convolution of string kernels.
For disambiguation of the semantic role structure of verbs, I describe a model that captures regularities of the label space and incorporates the knowledge that the semantic frame of a verb is a joint structure with strong
www.cse.ohio-state.edu /current-events/Speakers/FS04_Toutanova.htm   (222 words)

  
 BioMed Central | Full text | Thesaurus-based disambiguation of gene symbols
Overall accuracy of the disambiguation algorithm, defined as the percentage of abstracts in our test set in which the correct meaning of the homonym was chosen, was 88.9% when OMIM annotations were used as reference description.
This suggests that excellent disambiguation results can be obtained with relatively simple reference descriptions, and offers a viable way for massive acquisition of such descriptions from literature links in genetic databases, which in view of the extent of the homonym problem should be automatic for all practical purposes.
The disambiguation algorithm compares the textual context of a homonym in a document with a reference description of each of the genes that the homonym may possibly denote.
www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/6/149   (5402 words)

  
 Rover Onboard Executive: Project Plan   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
The discrete states correspond to qualitatively different modes of the rover (driving nominally, idle, stuck wheel, etc), to each of which is associated a model of operation represented as a KF.
The set of states is pruned to a number appropriate for the processing power of the rover, and this set represents the belief in potential nominal and fault modes of the system.
An extension of state estimation is for the rover to actively sense itself and its environment to disambiguate possible states.
ic-www.arc.nasa.gov /projects/intelligent-robotics/ai-rovers/onboard-executive/project-plan.html   (1490 words)

  
 Crime Scene Cleanup Directory - Blood - Death - Suicide
Many of the states at this time were theocratic, and their codes of conduct were religious in origin or reference.
This is a common law idea and the earliest conception of a criminal act involved events of such major significance that the "state" had to usurp the usual functions of the civil tribunals and direct a special law or privilegium against the perpetrator.
The development of the idea that it is the "state" dispensing justice in a court only emerges in parallel with or after the emergence of the concept of sovereignty.
www.crime-scene-cleanup-directory.com   (3636 words)

  
 Maryland State Tax
Maryland is a state in the eastern mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
Others would primarily understand "the State" as a synonym for "the Government ", or be careful to distinguish between a territorial " country " and a " nation " of people.
The definition of " state " in the meaning of political subdivisions of some countries, is related as it emphasizesthe intention of a confederation where these state governments are seenas possessing some powers independently of the federal government.
www.lottery-news.net /dust16946-maryland_state_tax.html   (557 words)

  
 Athens (disambiguation) - Wikitravel
Athens (Ohio) - A town in the state of Ohio.
Athens (Pennsylvania) - A town in the state of Pennsylvania.
Athens (Wisconsin) - A town in the state of Wisconsin.
wikitravel.org /en/Athens_(disambiguation)   (239 words)

  
 [Homestead] Agriculture Research, U.S., Canada, elsewhere
The office as Head of State (president) and Head of Government (prime minister) are typically merged, and the members of cabinet are only rarely taken from the congress.
* State university /For alternate meanings see state university (disambiguation)./ In the United States, a *state university* or *state college* is one of the colleges or universities in the state (or territorial) university system.
State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents, as they are funded by state tax dollars.
lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/homestead/2004-September/000408.html   (1890 words)

  
 State Contracts
In casual language, the idea of a "state" and a " country " are usually regarded assynonymous, although some speakers, notably in the United States, make efforts to only use the terms "country" or "nation" torefer to sovereign entities.
The "state" can thus also be defined in terms of domestic conditions, specifically the role of the monopolization of thelegitimate use of force within a country.
The definition of " state " in the meaning of political subdivisions of some countries, is related as it emphasizesthe intention of a confederation where these state governments are seenas possessing some powers independently of the federal government.
www.altvetmed.com /face/140-state-contracts.html   (748 words)

  
 LumenVox.com - Speech Recognition Solution White Paper
Disambiguation is the process by which the speech recognition application decodes an uncertain utterance by a caller into a meaning that best matches the caller's spoken intent.
We can use this list to play back to the caller the states in the US that have a city called “Eureka.” In this case there are 7 states: California, Nevada, Montana, Missouri, Illinois, South Dakota and Kansas.
As a developer, it is important to use, depending on the type of speech recognition application, the right mix of these techniques that will work to bring your speech solution to success.
www.lumenvox.com /resources/whitePapers/disambiguation.aspx   (861 words)

  
 NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Main Page   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
The development of tribal areas in Himachal, is one of the major steps taken by the state government for its economic development.
The United States National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records.
An anti-war activist is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States on February 9, 2005.
www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia   (3100 words)

  
 Raleigh North Carolina State   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
But, as noted below, the "state" can also be defined in terms of domestic conditions, specifically the role of the monopolization of force within a country.
Of course, different political philosophies differ in their interpretation of the actual and ideal roles of the state.
Confusingly, the terms "national" and "international" are both used as technical terms applying to states, see country.
www.raleigh-northcarolina.biz /state.html   (202 words)

  
 Re: A Challenge: The Origins and Evolution of the Universe - Astronomy.com Forums
In cosmology, the steady state theory is a model developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi and others as an alternative to the Big Bang theory.
Although the model had a large number of supporters among cosmologists in the 1950s and 1960s, the number of supporters decreased markedly in the late 1960s and today it is considered a non-standard cosmology.
The steady state theory was developed as a result of theoretical calculations that showed that a static universe was impossible under general relativity and observations by Edwin Hubble that the universe was expanding.
www.astronomy.com /ASY/CS/forums/2/287387/ShowPost.aspx   (5474 words)

  
 United States - WikiGadugi   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Each state has exactly two senators, elected at large to six-year terms; one third of the 100 senators are elected every second year.
Federal law overrides state law in the areas in which the federal government is empowered to act; but the powers of the federal government are subject to limits outlined in the Constitution.
Together with the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, each of these associated states were once part of the U.S.-administered UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which existed from 1947 until 1986 in the case of the Marshall Islands, the Northern Marianas, and the Federated States of Micronesia; Palau's trusteeship ended in 1994.
en.wikigadugi.org /wiki/United_States   (7775 words)

  
 Charlestown Rhode Island
For alternate uses: see RI (disambiguation)'' The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (commonly known as Rhode Island) is geographically the smallest state in the United States, while also the state with the longest official name.
Despite the fact that most of the state is part of the mainland, the shortened name for the state of Rhode Island leads some out-of-staters to erroneously believe that the entire state is an island, while it is just a source of confusion for others.
Rhode Island is known as "The Ocean State", due to its naval history and the fact that every point in the state is within 30 miles of sea water.
www.artistbooking.com /trips/34/charlestown-rhode-island.html   (1284 words)

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