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Topic: State Jewish Theater (Romania)

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	Romania (09/06)
		Romania was an ally of the Entente and the U.S. in World War I, and was granted substantial territories with Romanian populations, notably Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina, after the war.
		Romania's 1991 constitution proclaims Romania a democracy and market economy, in which human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values.
		Romania is a country of considerable potential: rich agricultural lands; diverse energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, hydro, and nuclear); a substantial, if aging, industrial base encompassing almost the full range of manufacturing activities; an educated, well-trained work force; and opportunities for expanded development in tourism on the Black Sea and in the mountains.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/35722.htm (6943 words)

	Jewish History of Romania
		The first general Jewish representative body, after the dissolution of the Jews' Guild and the internal strife in the communities, was the Brotherhood of Zion society, the forerunner of the B'nai B'rith, created in 1872 under the influence of Benjamin Franklin Peixotto, the first American diplomat in Rumania.
		The certificates of Jewish schools were not recognized and their pupils had to pass state examinations, paying a fee (which was a charge on community budgets as they covered this fee for the poor) until 1925, when the certificates of Jewish schools were recognized if the language of tuition was Rumanian.
		The decision stated that "the party must take a stand on every question concerning the Jews of Rumania and fight vigorously against reactionary nationalist Jewish currents." As early as the summer of 1948 the liquidation of Zionist training farms was begun, and the process was completed in the spring of 1949.
	www.porges.net /JewishHistoryOfRomania.html (12392 words)

	The Jewish Community of Antwerp, Belgium
		Apparently the small Jewish community of Antwerp continued to exist during the first half of the 14th century, but the anti-Jewish persecutions that followed the Black Death epidemic of 1348, when Jews were accused of poisoning the wells, put an end to the Jewish settlement in Antwerp.
		The Jewish education was supported by a developed network of institutions: several schools were dedicated to Jewish studies only while others included in their curriculum the study of non-Jewish disciplines as well.
		Jewish education is provided by four main Jewish schools in Antwerp: Jesode Hatorah (for boys), Beth Yaakov (for girls) - both belonging to the Machsike Hadas community, Yavne, and Tachkemoni of the Shore Hadas community, in addition to other smaller private religious educational institutions that include Yeshiva Etz Haim and Yeshiva Tichonit.
	www.bh.org.il /communities/Archive/Antwerp.asp (5246 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Ukraine
		The Ukraine is a republic in Eastern Europe, which borders the Black Sea to the south, the Russian Federation to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland and Slovakia to the West, Hungary to the south and Romania and Moldova to the west and south.
		Jewish refugees from the Byzantium, Persia and Mesopotamia regions — fleeing from persecution by Christians throughout Europe, settled in the Kingdom because the Khazars allowed them to practice their own religion.
		Jewish organizations created within the Ukraine have been raising funds for relief within the Jewish community, promoting Jewish participation in the political system, furthering Jewish education, and building memorials to commemorate those who perished during the Holocaust.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/ukraine.html (2642 words)

	Jewish Music in Romania
		Romania was crucial to the development of klezmer dance repertoire.
		After the "Jewish enlightenment" it became more common for men to dance together with women (a practice still avoided by Orthodox Jews), and models for such music were sought outside of Jewish life.
		Jewish musicians in Roman often played alongside Gypsies, and a basic band was formed of a violin or trumpet, accordion, and drum – a very typical lineup for a modern Moldavian band even today.
	www.dinayekapelye.com /jmromania.htm (1678 words)

	Romania
		To be recognized as a religion, religious groups must register with the State Secretariat for Religious Denominations and present their statutes, organizational, leadership, and management diagrams, and the body of dogma and doctrines formally stated by them.
		The State Secretariat for Religious Denominations was moved from the Prime Minister's office to the Ministry of Culture in 2000; independent observers believe the move indicates a reduction in the Secretariat’s influence.
		One explanation given by the State Secretariat for Religious Denominations for a failure to register new religions was that recognition requires a decree issued by the Presidium of the Grand National Assembly, a Communist-era institution that no longer exists.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24429.htm (7821 words)

	State Jewish Theater (Romania) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Israil Bercovici, later a key figure in the State Jewish Theater, has said of this period that Jewish theater was pushed to the periphery, but "turned that periphery into a center of Jewish culture and art".
		After the rise of Communism in Romania, the IKUF theater was nationalized August 1, 1948 as the State Jewish Theater (Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat, TES).
		From 1955 to 1982 Israil Bercovici (1921–1988) served the theater as a dramaturg, playwright, director, and historian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/State_Jewish_Theater_(Romania) (1639 words)

	The Romanian Jewish Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Jewish bankers Davicion Bally and Hillel Manoah, painters C.D. Rosenthal and Barbu Iscovescu, and others provide active support to the Revolution.
		Jews native of Romania are declared stateless persons.
		The Jewish residents of Bessarabia and those of northern and southern Bukovina are deported to Trans-Dniester death camps.
	www.romanianjewish.org /en/mosteniri_ale_culturii_iudaice_03_13.html (1892 words)

	The Romanian Jewish Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The message evoked the victims of that "outburst of barbarism and murder that culminated on January 21-23, 1941, in the plundering and massacring of Bucharest’s Jewish population and in the burning of important edifices of cult that belonged to it...
		"Yesterday, the Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania marked the 63rd annual commemoration of the assassination of the Jews in Bucharest during the Legionary pogrom of January 21-23, 1941.
		The representative of the "Simon Wiesenthal" Center demanded to Romania’s district attorney that the rehabilitation of the two colonels involved in the events of 1941 be annulled.
	www.romanianjewish.org /en/index_isro_arhiva_29.html (1515 words)

	News from August 20
		By a decision of the National Council the Humanist Party of Romania - PUR - added to its title the syntagma " social - liberal ", as the doctrine of political humanism is of social and liberal orientation.
		Delegation of the International Monetary Fund is in Romania for continuing talks on the Budget for next year and for furthering negociations on the new stand-by accord.
		Romania Criss in cooperation with the Center of Independent Journalism and the National Rompress Agency is launching today, with PHARE EU funding, a new press agency entitled THE CENTER OF ROMANY FOR COMMUNICATION WITH THE MEDIA.
	www.ici.ro /romania/en/stiri/arh2001/e_aug20.html (856 words)

	Israil Bercovici - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Israil (Israel) Bercovici (1921–1988) was a Jewish Romanian dramaturg, playwright, director, biographer, and memoirist, who served the State Jewish Theater of Romania between 1955 to 1982; he also wrote Yiddish-language poetry.
		Judging by theater reviews he wrote in the early 1950s, he appears to have been an ardent Communist, grateful for his liberation from the labor camp and for the opportunity to receive a secular education, advocating a socialist realist aesthetic for Yiddish-language theater.
		The State Jewish Theater coped, in part, by installing headphones throughout the theater to allow simultaneous translation of the plays into Romanian; the system is still in use when the theater performs Yiddish-language plays today.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Israil_Bercovici (943 words)

	Jewish Review: Calendar of Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Exhibit by renowned photographer Arnold Newman (1918 — 2006) is a culmination of portraits he made of significant Jewish individuals over the course of his career.
		The first 20 minutes are for the littlest tots, followed by challah and simple fruit as they learn the blessings associated with wine and bread.
		Jewish teens in grades 8-12 are welcome to come chat and learn over a free cup of coffee.
	www.jewishreview.org /Calendar/?CalendarDate=2006-10-11 (403 words)

	Romania
		As a nation, Romania began on January 24 to February 5, 1862 after the 1856 Congress of Paris declared the end of the Crimean War and decided that this area was to be independent, but under the Turkish suzerainty.
		Romania Special Interest Group (ROMSIG) - The countries known today as Romania and Moldova, as well as the southwestern portion of Ukraine and Southern Hungary are the areas of interest.
		The refugees left the port of Constanta, Romania (the last ship to leave Germany carrying refugees who were bound for Palestine) were trying to reach Turkey or Palestine, but didn't have Visas for either country although the fare was to include Visas for Palestine.
	jewishwebindex.com /romania.htm (2790 words)

	All About Jewish Theatre - God, Man, and Devil: Yiddish Plays in Translation. Translated and Edited by Nahma Sandrow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Concurrently, the Jewish Enlightenment (the Haskalah), with its emphasis on French and German language and culture, individual human will, and nationalism, allied itself with the development of Yiddish as a secular modern language.
		In another highly original essay, "On the Jewish Street: Yiddish Culture and the Urban Landscape in Interwar Vilna," Cecile E. Kuznitz illustrates that the urban landscape of this important city was invested with meaning.
		Demonstrating the evils of such old ways as superstitions and forced marriages, the glories of Jewish history, and the dreams of the new Zionist movement, his characters Kuni-Leml and Shmendrik and his songs "Raisins and Almonds" and "For Your Birthday" took on the status of folk art.
	www.jewish-theater.com /visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=837 (2160 words)

	Yiddish Theater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Yiddish theater originated in the traditional Purim festival plays (amateur theatricals derived from the biblical Book of Esther) that were enacted in Yiddish by the Ashkenazi Jews of northern and eastern Europe especially during the 18th and 19th centuries.
		The "second golden epoch," international in scope, refers to the art-theater movement within the Yiddish theater that sprang up in the first decade of the 20th century and reached the height of its influence during the 1920s.
		Abroad, the best-known groups are the Polish Yiddish State Theater, organized (1948) by Ida Kaminska (1899-1980), and the Romanian Yiddish State Theater.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Yiddish/English/theater.html (313 words)

	Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc.
		These, as it happened, were all the most organized states on the borders of Rome, exceptingly only Kush.
		As the traditional units, largely familiar from the 5th Century, fell back from the collapsing frontiers, they were settled on the land in Anatolia, to be paid directly from local revenues instead of from the Treasury, whose tax base from Syria and Egypt had disappeared.
		The final fall of Ravenna to the Lombards in 751 led to the intervention of the Franks in Italy, at the urging of the Pope.
	www.friesian.com /romania.htm (13907 words)

	All About Jewish Theatre - Die jiddische Kultur im Schatten der Diktaturen-Israil Bercovici
		BRIGITTE DALINGER is currently working on an study about Jewish Drama in Vienna (1890 to 1938), supported by an APART [Austrian Programme for Advanced Research and Technology] sholarship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
		Israil Bercovici was born in 1921 in Botosani, a city with a large Jewish
		Jewish Theatre toured in the USA and in Canada.
	www.jewish-theatre.com /visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=411 (1824 words)

	Romania: Culture, Some Cyber-, Some Jewish
		Because he is also involved in theater (mainly as a critic) it was not your average book launch.
		It is not the usual collection of ritual objects, indifferent portraits of rich men and their families, paeans to Zionism, and an uninspired Holocaust memorial, nor is it the history-as-triumphant-pageant approach favored by, say, the Jewish Museum in Camden, London or most ethnic museums in America.
		I don't have a precise proposal together yet, but a (slow) web connect is roughly the same cost here as in the States (which is to say, not much) and there ought to be someone somewhere with a spare gigabyte to host a good web site for them.
	www.speakeasy.org /~jmabel/travels/romania20.html (1752 words)

	Romania: Bucharest practicalities
		Quality is just as high prices are just as low for the National Theater (with three halls and a large number of plays in repertory) and the adjoining Operetta, and such smaller theaters as the beautiful nineteenth-century Odeon (a 400-seat gem on Calea Victoriei near the Cercul Militar).
		Tickets are even cheaper for the city's four children's theaters (two live, two with puppets) and the remarkable Teatrul Evriesc de Stat (State Jewish Theater) which typically has four different performances each week, including at least one in Yiddish.
		Housed in a magnificently preserved former synagogue in the city's historically Jewish neighborhood, it acknowledges the Holocaust, but is not obsessed with it; acknowledges Zionism, but is not obsessed with it.
	www.speakeasy.org /~jmabel/travels/bucguide.html (6504 words)

	Travel Tips Of Romania
		Some Hungarian and German are spoken in border areas, while mainly French and some English are spoken by those connected with the tourist industry.
		Telegrams are an inexpensive and efficient form of international communication from Romania.
		Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Sector 2, Bucharest 70132, Romania
	www.southtravels.com /europe/romania/gi.html (529 words)

	Khazaria.com's Selected Jewish Links
		As the result of this viewpoint, in the first decades of the State, secular Israeli Jews virtually eliminated from the curriculum the study of post-Destruction diaspora Jewish history and culture.
		Their models and heroes were biblical prophets and kings and heroic halutzim (Zionist pioneers), not talmudic sages, and certainly not the generations of medieval Jews - powerless, persecuted, and unenlightened - whose traumas Zionism sought to transcend in its pursuit of the normalization of the Jewish people...
		One strengthens his Jewish identity and heightens his Jewish pride when he becomes acutely aware of the many significant achievements of his ancestors throughout history.
	www.khazaria.com /jewishlinks.html (2184 words)

	Jewish and Israel News from New York - The Jewish Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Jewish and Israel News from New York - The Jewish Week
		This may take a few minutes so please be patient.
		Please refer to the legal notice for other important information.
	www.thejewishweek.com /jweekmail/trialsubscription_jmatch.php3 (322 words)

	New York Jewish Times On-Line
		Palestinian militants from the Hamas movement march during a rally in the early celebrations for Israel's imminent pullout from Gaza in front of the Jewish settlement of Neve Dekalim in the southern Gaza Strip.
		Colorado Gov. Bill Owens declared a state of emergency and activated the Guardsmen to respond to the blizzard.
		The US State Department has made it a point to convince the populous that strong security measures have been taken to prevent 'data theft'.
	www.nyjtimes.com /main.htm (8013 words)

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