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	State socialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		State socialism, broadly speaking, is any variety of socialism which relies on ownership of the means of production by the state.
		State socialism is often referred to simply as "socialism"; the attributive "state" is usually added only by socialists with a different vision, wishing to criticise state socialism.
		Other Marxists denounce those "Communist" states as Stalinist, arguing that their leadership was corrupt and that it abandoned Marxism in all but name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/State_socialism (318 words)

	Ernest Mandel: Historical Materialism and the Capitalist State (1980) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On the one hand, despite the historic tendency of the bourgeoisie to weaken state absolutism, particularly in the phase of modern imperialism, classical monopoly capitalism and late capitalism, the capitalist state leads to a hypertrophy of state functions which is almost unprecedented in the history of class society.
		Because the specificity of the capitalist state derives from the class conflicts between the bourgeoisie, the working class and pre-capitalist classes, it is simultaneously rooted in the characteristics of the capitalist class itself.
		In capitalist countries there are few top politicians or top public servants who, at the end of a successful career, have not become owners of substantial assets, stocks and share portfolios beyond owning their own home etc., and this “purely economically” makes them full members of the capitalist class.
	www.marxists.org /archive/mandel/1980/xx/hismatstate.htm (7074 words)

	[No title]
		The coercive power of the state with respect to all capitals allows the suspension of this contradiction; though that does not mean to say it will not be posed in other forms, at other geographical scales, perhaps, as states find their powers compromised by the ability of firms to move beyond their jurisdictional boundaries.
		This particularization of the capitalist state, however, is problematic from the standpoint of the reproduction of capitalist social relations through the promotion of the accumulation process.
		How and Why the Capitalist State is 'Capitalist' One of the few generalizations that Marx made about the capitalist state is to be found in The Communist Manifesto: "The executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie".
	geog-www.sbs.ohio-state.edu /faculty/kcox/mod11.doc (2363 words)

	State capitalism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The most common definition of state capitalism within (An advocate of Marxism) Marxist literature is that it is a social system combining (An economic system based on private ownership of capital) capitalism (the wage labor system of producing and appropriating surplus value) with state ownership.
		The term "state capitalism" has also been used by some anarchists, but in that case it is applied to the entire history of Soviet Russia, from 1918 onward.
		An alternate definition is that state capitalism is a close relationship between the government and private capitalism, such as one in which the private capitalists produce for a guaranteed market, where many (but not an overwhelming proportion) of large enterprises are government-owned.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/st/state_capitalism.htm (340 words)

	What is state capitalism? State capitalism is simply a variant form of capitalism.
		capitalism in an environment wherein the capitalist enterprise is a component part of the state bureaucracy and the receivers of capitalist surplus value are state appointed bureaucrats.
		Many social theorists have classified the Soviet Union and CMEA nations, in general, as state capitalist social formations because most of the GDP in those economies was generated by capitalist enterprises that were within the state bureaucracy and officials in the state bureaucracy were the appropriators of enterprise surplus value.
		State capitalism is often confused with communism: the social system that prevailed in many pre-colonial indigenous communities in Africa and the Americas and which is the underlying economic process of the kibbutz system in Israel.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/state_capitalism_defined.htm (195 words)

	Anthony de Jasay, The State, Chapter 1.2: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The state is a capitalist state if it does not demand ownership to be justified, and does not interfere for his own good with a person's contracts.
		Different capitalist jurisprudence might interpret the "third party" condition in a more or less austere manner, and careful thought may be needed before one can say that a particular state is not respecting the freedom of contract and is, on this ground, an adversary of capitalism.
		The test of the capitalist state is that it follows neither source, for it gives priority to the freedom of contract, including under it the extremely important freedom not to contract at all.
	www.econlib.org /library/LFBooks/Jasay/jsyStt2.html (2404 words)

	Cooperative Enterprise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A difficulty with state enterprises is that their costs are not likely to be proportionate to market requirements, so that their profits (AVA-W) are not really proportionate to the capital value of the enterprise.
		State farms are somewhat a special case, since it may be best that they be converted, not to corporate cooperatives, but to individual proprietorships through the distribution of land.
		In the United States, for example, this could be accomplished by a federal corporation chartering law that would require all corporations engaging in interstate or international commerce to adopt a cooperative governance system and the three-funds ERS financial structure outlined earlier in this paper.
	william-king.www.drexel.edu /top/personal/wkpaps/coco/coco.html (6623 words)

	Theses on the Capitalist State <DIALECTICAL MARXISM: The Writings of Bertell Ollman
		In Marx's theory of politics, the capitalist state is conceived of as a complex social relation of many different aspects, the main ones being political processes and institutions, the ruling class, an objective structure of political/economic functions, and an arena for class struggle.
		The interpretations of the state that contribute most to the development of revolutionary will are those that give a prominent place to the capitalist class, which is to say the view of the state as an instrument or ruling committee of this class and the view of the state as an arena of class struggle.
		By studying the state from the perspectives associated with its different aspects, Marxism is able to show how in politics people make their own history and are made by it at the same time, how we are both free and conditioned, and how the future is both open and necessary.
	www.nyu.edu /projects/ollman/docs/di_ch03_content.php (1448 words)

	Glossary of Terms: St (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The state is the institution of organised violence which is used by the ruling class of a country to maintain the conditions of its rule.
		State interference in social relations becomes, in one domain after another, superfluous, and then dies out of itself; the government of persons is replaced by the administration of things, and by the conduct of processes of production.
		The Marxist idea of a state which – having no counter-revolutionary forces and capitalists to suppress, because the power of capital has been eradicated from the face of the Earth – slowly fades away, opening the way to communist society, has yet to be seen, but remains an ideal which inspires millions.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/s/t.htm (9078 words)

	Marxist Bulletin: British police: Murderous troops of a racist state - Capitalist Justice = No Justice
		State racism ranges from overt anti-immigrant propaganda by politicians and the media, to coded attacks on drug users, to the daily racism encountered in interaction with state institutions such as government offices and the prison system.
		For the capitalists to actively seek to root out racism would mean undermining one of the key mechanisms of their rule.
		The forces of the state have one fundamental unified aim, to preserve the system based on the private ownership of capital –; but this is also a deeply contradictory system which is forced to hide its real nature in order to maintain its rule.
	www.bolshevik.org /mb/9racist.htm (2087 words)

	Castroism adopts Soviet state-capitalist model - www.communistvoice.org
		Despite the fact that the gross inequities of the old capitalist order were abolished and the old exploiters expropriated, a new type of capitalist class structure developed with the ruling bureaucrats on top controlling the economy and living in a style that the masses could only dream about.
		State companies also had the right to use up to 30% of their profits to make purchases from the private sector.
		State property was pilfered for use in the private businesses, with management often implicated.
	home.flash.net /~comvoice/12cCuba1970s.html (8170 words)

	Radical Society: BRINGING THE CAPITALIST STATE BACK IN
		Marxist and "neo-Marxist" theories of the state were widespread in the 1970s but have been eclipsed in the last two decades by neo-institutionalist theory.
		The problem with Marxist (and neo-Weberian) state theory, Bratsis claims, is that "it has not taken the state itself as something to be explained." Despite their intentions, Marxist state theorists act as if the state itself did not have a cause.
		Rather than a repressive state acting alone to curtail speech, institutions, organizations, and individuals outside the state sector have often done the work of repression that the American state is forbidden to do, or have supplemented the work of repression that the American state is forbidden to do but does anyway, (p.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4053/is_200304/ai_n9232124 (809 words)

	State Capitalism in Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While there have been many changes in Eastern Europe since 1988, it is important to state that these countries were not in any way socialist and to explain why.
		Since the early 1920's anarchists have recognised that the Russian economy is capitalist because it maintains the separation of producers from their means of production and undervalues their labour to extract surplus value for a ruling class as in all Capitalist countries.
		Indeed all Capitalist systems tend towards this with more and more profit going into plant and machinery and less and less labour from which to extract a profit.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/ppapers/statecap.html (1567 words)

	Workers World Dec. 18, 2003: The pernicious role of the capitalist state
		The chains that bind the workers and oppressed are rooted in capitalist slavery.
		Since these class conflicts cannot be reconciled, they are decided by the state in favor of the ruling class, because the state is not a neutral part of society.
		So in the United States, if you want to forge class unity in words and especially in practice, fighting racism and reaching out to people of color has to be a top priority because you can't fight class oppression without equally fighting national oppression.
	www.workers.org /ww/2003/monica1218.php (1562 words)

	Why Russia was state capitalist
		A workers’ state is one in which the means of production are controlled by the working class.
		The institutions of the state must also be under the control of the class through the democratically elected soviets.
		Further evidence of the capitalist nature of the Soviet Union can be seen by the ease with which the institutions and practises of the market were adopted there after Yeltsin’s coming to power.
	www.swp.ie /resources/Why%20Russia%20was%20state%20capitalist.htm (659 words)

	Preobrazhensky, state-capitalist ideologue, (pt 2) - www.communistvoice.org
		State action might have powerful effects one way or another, but if one wanted to know what effects these would be, one had to realize what underlying economic laws were in operation.
		Preobrazhensky maintained that this constituted the exploitation of peasant economy by the state sector of the economy, such exploitation being the heart of "primitive socialist accumulation" (which was the exploitation of the "commodity" sector of the economy by the "socialist system").
		If the resources came from the workers of the state sector, then he called it ordinary socialist accumulation (on the grounds that the state sector was supposedly already socialist in character, and hence funds from the state sector were being generated internally by socialism).
	home.flash.net /~comvoice/18cPreo2.html (18625 words)

	ipedia.com: Degenerated workers' state Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Trotskyist political theory, degenerated workers' states are states where capitalism has been overthrown through social revolution, and the property forms have changed into a collectivized planned...
		In Trotskyist political theory, degenerated workers' states are states where capitalism has been overthrown through social revolution, and the property forms have changed into a collectivized planned economy.
		Nonetheless, he maintained that the collectivization that had taken place had changed the class nature of the state, so it could not be put on the same level as capitalist countries.
	www.ipedia.com /degenerated_workers__state.html (376 words)

	Piet Zwart Institute - The Revenge of the Concept: Artistic Exchanges, Networked Resistance
		But what has come to a halt, or splintered into a state of extreme dispersal, are the theoretical attempts to analyze them in a way that can contribute something to their goals and capacities of self-organization.
		A series of structural adjustments were supposed to improve the economy's health, and insure the continuing parity of the peso and the dollar; but their effect was to exclude increasing numbers of Argentines from access to employment, basic services, food, and finally even to their money, when bank withdrawals were frozen in late November 2001.
		The new military posture of the United States, while directly motivated by the September 11 attacks, also represents an attempt to restructure society, and to institute a new form of discipline in the face of the void that has been left by the collapse of the speculative bubble.
	pzwart.wdka.hro.nl /mdr/pubsfolder/bhrevcon/view (7961 words)

	State capitalism
		The most common definition of state capitalism within the Marxian literature is that it is a social system combining capitalism (the free wage labor system of producing and appropriating surplus value) with state ownership.
		During the period roughly between Stalin's death and Mao's, official Chinese 'Marxism-Leninism' and many foreign Maoists, notably Charles Bettelheim, often described the Soviet Union (but not China) as state capitalist, as part of their description of Khrushchev and his successors as revisionist and counter-revolutionary.
		An alternative definition is that it is a close relationship between the government and private capitalism, such as one in which the private capitalists produce for a guaranteed market, where many (but not an overwhelming proportion) of large enterprises are government-owned.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/state_capitalism (389 words)

	The Inevitability of Private Interests by Anthony Gregory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Leftists often critique both the state capitalist and free market models of economic exchange, arguing that in either case some benefit at the expense of others.
		Here we see a fallacy borne by nearly all arguments for the state to temper private interests, to smooth out the rough edges of capitalism, to level the playing field, to stand guard over the public good against the predatory covetousness of the selfish.
		The larger the state is, the more private individuals and groups have an interest in keeping the racket going.
	www.lewrockwell.com /gregory/gregory95.html (1395 words)

	Heaven on Earth . The Film: Richard Pipes Interview \| PBS
		You had the state organization, but the state organization is ministry so they were called commissars that did the job that ministries do, but they were not really independent in their judgment and their action.
		Well, the socialist-Marxist axiom was that before you establish a socialist state you must have a bourgeois state, a capitalist state.
		They were one-party states which gave the workers considerable input into the running of the state, that used socialist slogans without giving them really socialist rights.
	www.pbs.org /heavenonearth/interviews_pipes.html (5848 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Future of the Capitalist State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jessop focuses on the changing forms, functions and effectiveness of economic and social policy in the advanced western capitalist states over the past fifty years.
		Jessop identifies this plausible but still emergent form of the capitalist state as replacing the post-war Keynesian Welfare State, albeit unevenly and at different speeds, but argues that there is a basic irrationality inherent in it.
		He notes that there are several difficulties still to be overcome before the new type of state is consolidated; in particular, he is critical of its neoliberal form and considers its main alternatives.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0745622739 (717 words)

	On China. Trotskyist SL as state-capitalist apologists. - www.communistvoice.org
		WV insists that they stand for "unconditional military defense of the Chinese deformed workers state", and this defense of the Chinese regime "does not depend on the prior overthrow of the Stalinist bureaucracy nor on the circumstances and immediate causes of a military conflict.
		And though many state workers had fairly secure positions, millions more were forced into "temp" jobs, without benefits and subject to layoffs.
		To the Sparts, China is a workers state where the workers do not rule, and it's a transitional society where there is no movement towards socialism (in fact, the movement is all the other way).
	home.flash.net /~comvoice/26cChina.html (3900 words)

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