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Topic: State monopoly

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	Monopoly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When such a monopoly is granted to a private party, it is a government-granted monopoly; when it is operated by government itself, it is a government monopoly or state monopoly.
		A local monopoly is a monopoly of a market in a particular area, usually a town or even a smaller locality: the term is used to differentiate a monopoly that is geographically limited within a country, as the default assumption is that a monopoly covers the entire industry in a given country.
		A coercive monopoly is one that arises and whose existence is maintained as the result of any sort of activity that violates the principle of a free market and is therefore insulated from competition which would otherwise be a potential threat to its superior status.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monopoly (2293 words)

	Monopoly, Competition, and Educational Freedom
		Becker pointed to the United States as an example of a place where this type of monopoly was prohibited, and he described the tremendous benefits that resulted from a competitive market in religion.
		Becker stated that there are "those who support a monopolistic public school system." However, there is no monopoly in the area of education in the United States (as, for example, there is in the delivery of first-class mail), and there never has been.
		That is, not only was a state monopoly in religion not permitted but also the state itself was prohibited from even competing in the area of religion.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0300a.asp (2047 words)

	Drying up the state’s liquor monopoly
		In-state breweries and wineries also face heavy restrictions, but are allowed to sell their products directly to retailers.
		They are also permitted to sell to consumers living in the 12 states in which there is a “reciprocity law” allowing their wine producers to sell directly to Washington consumers.
		The businesses defending the state regulations do not seem to understand that Washington consumers should be the ones to demand greater selection if they so desire and should not have their selection dictated by an antiquated state monopoly.
	www.effwa.org /opeds/2005_01_21.php (802 words)

	Press Release - Washington State Liquor Control Board
		State regulation of the industry and competition with the private sector at the same time is a direct violation of business principles.
		One task force member stated the following: “Should the state of Washington abide by the same rules and regulations that they impose on the private sector?” or “should the state of Washington be above the rules they impose on the private sector?” By maintaining the current LCB system, the answer is clearly YES.
		The Deloitte and Touche report stated “when benchmarked against other specialty retailers and the control states in the areas of procurement, inventory management and distribution, the LCB typically performed as good or better where data was available for comparison.
	www.liq.wa.gov /releases/findings.asp (6867 words)

	PDPI Web Site - Converted (WP) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It remains generally true of the monopolies that the closer the institutional design is to the prescriptions of Fosdick and Scott, the lower the resulting rate of consumption.
		Indications of Inherent Superiority That the state monopoly system is inherently more effective than the licensing system is hinted by studies of changes in alcohol consumption rates when states convert from monopoly systems to licensing systems.
		As for the supply side stimulus to demand, under a state monopoly regime, advertising and promotion can be made illegal, as well as distribution by private entrepreneur.
	www.pdpi.org /alcohol07.html (431 words)

	James Connolly: State Monopoly versus Socialism (1899) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Ireland we have our middle class reformers demanding state help for agriculture, state purchase of lands, arterial draining, state construction of docks, piers and harbours, state aid for the fishing industry, state control of the relations between agricultural tenant and landlord, and also nationalisation of railways and canals.
		There is a certain section of Socialists, chiefly in England, who never tire of hailing all such demands for state activity as a sign of the growth of the Socialist spirit among the middle class, and therefore worthy of all the support the working-class democracy can give.
		For it must be remembered that every function of a useful character performed by the State or Municipality to-day was at one time performed by private individuals for profit, and in conformity with the then generally accepted belief that it could not be satisfactorily performed except by private individuals.
	www.marxists.org /archive/connolly/1901/evangel/stmonsoc.htm (504 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Therefore, the basic argument for the state consists in an attempt to provide a moral justification for an organization that is empowered both to compel its customers to pay for its police, rule-making, and adjudication services and to use its coercive power to suppress all competitors.
		It is dangerous because its monopoly on the exercise of coercive power allows it to initiate coercion against its customers, which in turn allows the cartel to raise its revenue through the equivalent of taxation and to extend its monopoly over other segments of the economy.
		Because the remedial state does considerably less than one which legislates, maintains a judicial system, and runs a police force, it would appear to be a better candidate for designation as the minimal state.
	mason.gmu.edu /~jhasnas/webdraft.htm (5204 words)

	Editorial: Liquor normalcy / Fisher, Rendell and an obsolete state monopoly
		It may not become a major issue in the governor's race, but the future of the state liquor monopoly highlights a pivotal difference between the leading candidates.
		The Mormon state is more real-world, with three-quarters of its stores in the hands of private owner-operators (under contract with the state) and all of its stores selling beer under the same roof as liquor and wine.
		These defenders of the status quo maintain that only the state monopoly stands between its residents and all sorts of alcohol- fueled maladies.
	www.post-gazette.com /forum/20020611edliquor0611p1.asp (470 words)

	[No title]
		JOINT RESOLUTION Be It Resolved by the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon: PARAGRAPH 1.
		The Constitution of the State of Oregon is amended by creating a new section 39a to be added to and made a part of Article I, and by amending section 39, Article I, such sections to read: { + Sec.
		The tax shall be set in an amount adequate to offset any revenues lost to the state by reason of the termination of the state's monopoly on sale of distilled liquor by the bottle.
	www.leg.state.or.us /03reg/measures/hjr1.dir/hjr0040.intro.html (571 words)

	End the State Monopoly on Higher Education
		But given the resource crunch faced by both the central and state governments, one obvious necessary step would seem to be the entry of private universities.
		While the key role of the state in higher education is beyond question, the ban on private entry into it has no more justification than into the heavy industry.
		The vast pool of talented Indian youth longs for quality education and many parents will be glad to pay for it, as they indeed do when their children go to various coaching institutes.
	www.columbia.edu /~ap2231/ET/et24-march01.htm (887 words)

	The Impending Catastrophe and How To Combat It - Sect.11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		That capitalism in Russia has also become monopoly capitalism is sufficiently attested by the examples of the Produgol, the Prodamet, the Sugar Syndicate, etc. This Sugar Syndicate is an object-lesson in the way monopoly capitalism develops into state-monopoly capitalism.
		If it has become a state monopoly, it means that the state (i.e., the armed organisation of the population, the workers and peasants above all, provided there is revolutionary democracy) directs the whole undertaking.
		It is a step forward on the basis of modern monopoly capitalism, a step towards the regulation of economic life as a whole, in accordance with a certain general plan, a step towards the economy of national labour and towards the prevention of its senseless wastage by capitalism.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1917/ichtci/11.htm (824 words)

	UNI Telecom : Zimbabwe Court Breaks State Telecom Monopoly
		Zimbabwe's Supreme Court Wednesday ruled the state's monopoly in the provision of fixed telecommunications services as unconstitutional, paving the way for private investors to enter the lucrative sector.
		The landmark ruling was made in a case brought by a private mobile phone operator, Econet Wireless, which argued that the state's monopoly in fixed telecommunication services infringed people's rights to information.
		Econet Wireless, the country's largest mobile phone operator, had also to go to court four years ago to be allowed to operate, with the state fighting to maintain a monopoly in all telecommunications services.
	www.union-network.org /unitelecom.nsf/d728a4b898b51ee5c12568900029a938/66c3d319e7a7d5cdc125698f00451172?OpenDocument (160 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - China to break up state monopoly on power soon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He said the State Power Corp. currently owns the majority of the country's power distribution grid and half of its power generation plants.
		Zeng said competition would be based on the quality of the power generation plants, the way they generated their power, price and whether generation was done in an environmentally-friendly way.
		Zeng said the government had made special provisions for joint venture power plants with foreign investors, adding that the government was open to discussions with the foreign investors on the upcoming restructuring.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cns21510.htm (302 words)

	War, Peace, and the State, by Murray N. Rothbard
		The State is a group of people who have managed to acquire a virtual monopoly of the use of violence throughout a given territorial area.
		Now, since the State arrogates to itself the monopoly of violence over a territorial area, so long as its depredations and extortions go unresisted, there is said to be "peace" in the area, since the only violence is one-way, directed by the State downward against the people.
		Both the quiet case of the State unresisted and the case of open revolution may be termed "vertical violence": violence of the State against its public or vice versa.
	www.mises.org /rothbard/warpeace.asp (4969 words)

	Joseph R. Stromberg: The Political Economy of Liberal Corporativism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the radical and libertarian analyses of this phenomenon, the American policy, seen by the Left as a "warfare State" and by the Right as a "creeping socialist welfare State," is shown to be a composite of both, resting on the foundation of an artificially cartellized economy.
		While State support for economic expansionism is intertwined with domestic corporatism, we shall concentrate on the latter for the present.
		Not only would the new monopolies be thus precluded, but the former monopolists, now stripped of their privileges, would be forced to serve the consumers better than their competitors, or face the deterioration of their previously protected positions.
	tmh.floonet.net /articles/strombrg.html (5467 words)

	Russian Agriculture Minister Proposes State Monopoly on Alcohol - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Agriculture Minister Alexei Gordeyev has sent a proposal to Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Zhukov to restore the monopoly on alcohol, which was introduced in Russia in the 16th century and was only cancelled in the early 1990s, Rossiiskaya Gazeta wrote.
		According to his proposal, the government should set up a state joint stock company that will be the sole company in charge of purchasing, storing and selling alcohol, and also paying excise duties.
		He expressed confidence that in the future the state would be able to take account of all alcohol while vodka prices may even fall, the agency reported.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2005/01/27/alcoholmonopoly.shtml (640 words)

	EU court rules Swedish state monopoly on medicines is illegal - EUbusiness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The European Court of Justice ruled Tuesday that Sweden's state monopoly on selecting medicinal preparations is illegal because it could put products from other European countries at a disadvantage.
		The government claimed that the monopoly itself was not in question, whereas a large supermarket chain announced that it was now free to sell non-prescription drugs with the backing of Sweden's Federation of Trade.
		Under EU law, state monopolies may exist but they must be structured in such a way that there is no discrimination between nationals of member states.
	www.eubusiness.com /Competition/050531084529.ughgb3ga (595 words)

	Iran parliament refuses to lift state monopoly on tobacco
		Iranian MPs on Tuesday refused to approve a bill on lifting state monopoly on tobacco, which would otherwise have allowed tobacco growing and producing factories to be ceded to private entities, IRNA reported from Tehran.
		Members of the cultural and social as well as health commissions of parliament were among the opponents calling for the industry to be under control, given the negative impacts of tobacco consumption on the mental and physical disposition of the public.
		The ministry's statement warned that according to the state law, advertising tobacco and tobacco companies in any form is forbidden.
	www.payvand.com /news/03/jul/1196.html (334 words)

	Joint forest management in India and the impact of state control over non-wood forest products
		Thus, the policy envisages a process of joint management of forests by the state governments (which have nominal responsibility) and the local people, which would share both the responsibility for managing the resource and the benefits that accrue from this management.
		While the objectives of creating state monopolies are laudable, a comparison of the declared objectives and the actual situation (Table 4) suggests that on the whole the results are not favourable.
		Although state forest revenues have increased, the forest-dependent communities do not appear to be reaping benefits in terms of wages, socio-economic conditions or gender equity, and the cost to end users has continued to increase.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x2450e/x2450e0c.htm (2571 words)

	President Putin Calls for State Vodka Monopoly in Russia - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Russia’s President Vladimir Putin has called for a return to a state monopoly on vodka production, to cut the many thousands of alcohol-related deaths, thó BBC News website reported Sunday.
		State control of alcohol generated a considerable source of revenue for the Soviet and Tsarist governments.
		The organizers even have liquid ammonia on hand to resuscitate anyone who faints at the sight of the disfigured faces of drug addicts or the embryo of an addict’s baby in formalin.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2005/07/03/putinvodka.shtml (529 words)

	The Hindu : Tamil Nadu News : Writ plea to stop State monopoly in sand sale
		An order divesting the licensees of quarrying licence was issued in October 2003, when the State monopoly came into existence.
		However, the petitioner said: "Though it is being projected that there are no private licence for quarrying sand and the right to quarry sand from riverbeds has been nationalised, the PWD Secretary has given loading contract to seven persons without calling for tenders.
		He said the government advocates were not making efforts to vacate an interim order permitting these loading contractors to transport the quarried sand without their having to disclose the final destination or transport permit.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2005/04/17/stories/2005041705570500.htm (430 words)

	Monopoly
		State the necessary condition for a firm to earn economic profit in the long run.
		State why monopoly tends to be allocationally inefficient.
		State how economies of scale may reduce the welfare loss associated with monopoly.
	www.people.vcu.edu /~emillner/eco210/MonopolyN210.htm (1036 words)

	ENERGY-MEXICO: Spectre of Bankruptcy Looms over State Oil Monopoly
		MEXICO CITY, Mar 31 (IPS) - The spectre of bankruptcy is looming over Mexico's state oil monopoly, which carries a burden of 86 billion dollars in debt, while more than 60 percent of its sales go to the state in taxes.
		The fourth annual report by the government of Vicente Fox shows that the country's leading foreign exchange-earners are oil exports, which account for 23.6 percent, followed by oil industry by-products (13.8 percent), assembled goods (13.6 percent), and farm products (12.5 percent).
		Oil revenues are the biggest contributor to Mexico's state coffers.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/interna.asp?idnews=28104 (1147 words)

	ECJ decides on Swedish state’s monopoly on medicines - European Public Health Alliance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a judgement by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on 31 May 2005, the Swedish monopoly on retail sales of medicinal preparations was found to be contrary to Community law.
		In his defence, Mr Hanner contended that Swedish national law was contrary to articles 28, 31 and 43 of the Treaty of the European Community, which deal with the existance of State monopolies.
		Community law, although not requiring total abolition of State monopolies, requires them to be adjusted in such a way as to ensure that no discrimination exists between nationals of Member States.
	www.epha.org /a/1009 (503 words)

	The Epoch Times \| State Monopoly on Chinese Salt Production Allows Fertile Environment for Corruption
		State salt companies in Mainland China continue to monopolize the salt industry, according to a recent report by The Ming Pao Daily, allowing these state-run companies to conduct illegal business in order to increase profits.
		The wholesale pricing of salt is now subject to mandatory planning by the state, and has been completely closed to private investment.
		In the past year, state salt companies have expanded their areas of monopoly to include salts used in dyes, leather-making and ice, further handicapping the factories.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/4-9-22/23385.html (349 words)

	AEH: EUR.IO: From dual structure to state monopoly in Norwegian telephony, 1880-1974 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		AEH: EUR.IO: From dual structure to state monopoly in Norwegian telephony, 1880-1974
		In most West-European countries, the Nordic countries excepted, state telephone monopolies were established prior to World War I. The paper addresses three questions from a Norwegian perspective: 1) Why and by whom was it considered necessary to gain complete state monopoly on local and regional telephony, as well as on long distance traffic?
		In Denmark and Finland private or independent local and regional telephone companies continued to prosper when the organisational alternative was declining in Norway.
	www.eh.net /pipermail/abstracts/2002-January/000211.html (219 words)

	The Crisis of the Sovereign State
		The sovereign state emerged in Europe by the 16th century as a new and strong political entity with the centralized monarchies of England, Spain, France, and Portugal.
		The sovereign state is now challenged by many competitors, and the weakness of some states--especially those in troubled areas of the Third World--threatens the state's monopoly on violence, taxation, and loyalty.
		Conscious that we are not advocating an outcome, but merely examining a phenomenon, however, we may note that the crisis of the sovereign state has been particularly acute in the case of the states that are not "national" in character.
	www.heritage.org /Research/PoliticalPhilosophy/HL649.cfm (2835 words)

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