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Topic: State of matter

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Phase (matter)

Solid

Gibbs phase rule

Condensed matter physics

Matter

Triple point

List of states of matter

Liquid

Melting point

Boiling point

Allotropy

Supercooling

Carbon

Heat of fusion

Spectral line

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	States of Matter -- Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
		In effect a plasma is a cloud of protons, neutrons and electrons where all the electrons have come loose from their respective molecules and atoms, giving the plasma the ability to act as a whole rather than as a bunch of atoms.
		Plasmas are the most common state of matter in the universe comprising more than 99% of our visible universe and most of that not visible.
		The collapse of the atoms into a single quantum state is known as Bose condensation or Bose-Einstein condensation is now considered a 5th state of matter.
	www.edinformatics.com /math_science/states_of_matter.htm (984 words)

	The Fourth State of Matter
		There are three classic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas; however, plasma is considered by some scientists to be the fourth state of matter.
		The plasma state is not related to blood plasma, the most common usage of the word; rather, the term has been used in physics since the 1920s to represent an ionized gas.
		Matter changes state as it is exposed to different physical conditions.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /Academy/UNIVERSE/FOURTH_MATTER.HTML (497 words)

	Phase (matter) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The appearance of magnetic domains is a phase transition, and the new phase is known as a ferromagnet.
		In general, we say that two different states of a system are in different phases if there is an abrupt change in their physical properties while transforming from one state to the other.
		Such metastable states may sometimes be considered as phases, although strictly speaking they are not because they are unstable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/State_of_matter (2912 words)

	STATE - Definition
		State is a term nearly synonymous with ``mode,'' but of a meaning more extensive, and is not exclusively limited to the mutable and contingent.
		In the United States, one of the commonwealth, or bodies politic, the people of which make up the body of the nation, and which, under the national constitution, stands in certain specified relations with the national government, and are invested, as commonwealth, with full power in their several spheres over all matters not expressly inhibited.
		In computing and related fields, states, as in the light example, are often modelled as being discrete (rather than continuous) and the transition from one state to another is considered to be instantaneous.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/state (1268 words)

	Article - Scientists create new state of matter
		The scientists say they have produced compelling evidence for the new state of matter in which quarks, instead of being bound up by gluons into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated to roam freely.
		Theory predicts that the new state of matter that the scientists have created, in which quarks were single and free to move about, must have existed before the formation of matter as we see it now.
		We now have evidence of a new state of matter where quarks and gluons are not confined.
	www.lightnet.co.uk /informer/scitech/20000210.htm (595 words)

	Chem4Kids.com: Matter: States of Matter
		Solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensates are all different states of matter.
		Each of these states is also known as a phase.
		No matter what phase it was in, it was always water.
	www.chem4kids.com /files/matter_states.html (239 words)

	Chem4Kids.com: Matter
		Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules.
		Matter is also related to light and electromagnetic radiation.
		The liquid state is colder and denser but the molecules are still the same.
	www.chem4kids.com /files/matter_intro.html (286 words)

	Changes of State of Matter Science Lesson Plan, Thematic Unit, Activity, Worksheet, or Biology or Chemistry Teaching ...
		The students will be able to classify the changes of state matter undergoes when given a description of the shape and volume.
		The students will be able to describe the change of state matter undergoes when given the name.
		The students will be able to identify examples of each change of state when given either a description or the name of a change of state.
	www.lessonplanspage.com /ScienceChangeStateMatter35.htm (929 words)

	Neutron Star State of Matter
		I have recently learned of the discovery of a new state of matter called the "neutron star" state, but I am unable to find any information regarding it, only that it is a new state of matter.
		Thank you for your question regarding the neutron star state of matter.
		Yes, there is this state of matter, but unfortunately it is only found in the corpses of dead massive stars that have undergone a "supernova" explosion.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/ask_astro/answers/961006.html (432 words)

	States of Matter - School for Champions: Succeed in Physical Science
		The primary physical characteristics of the various states of matter are the volume and shape of the material.
		The solid state of matter is when the material has a definite volume or size and distinct shape at a given temperature.
		The reason the various states of matter have their particular physical characteristics and behave in the way they do is a result of the motion of the molecules and the attraction between them.
	www.school-for-champions.com /science/matterstates.htm (1497 words)

	state of matter -- matter punx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		IF U CAN PLAY bass email state of matter at matterpunx@fuse.net because trey wants to play lead guitar and we need somebody to fill his spot.
		state of matter was originally formed to play a talent show in 2002.
		We practiced and played the next years talent show (2003) as state of matter, at that time we were playing alternative/ska type crap.
	www.freewebs.com /matterpunx (477 words)

	The Electric Universe \| Scripts \| The six states of matter
		Four states of matter are well known: solid, fluid, gaseous and plasma.
		The energy of this heat motion produces these four thermal states of matter - in relation to the attractive electric forces among their particles e.g.
		Matter belongs to one of the following 6 states of matter due the energy of its particles:
	www.the-electric-universe.info /Scripts/six_states.html (500 words)

	The 5th state of matter
		The fifth state of matter is the most energetic one because another state of matter between e.g.
		This energy determines the state of matter in relation to the mutual electrostatic attraction and to the character of the motion of the particles.
		The fifth state of matter could be named, therefore, filament-state- or beam state- or electric-state-of matter due to its form or energy or cause of its particle-acceleration.
	www.5th-state-of-matter.info /5th-state.html (5059 words)

	Dáil Debate - 9
		An Ceann Comhairle: That is a matter for the Whips.
		State airports are critical to the development of Aer Lingus and the chief executive of the company has made a number of comments in this regard.
		It is a dangerous precedent for the State to lose control over key elements of its infrastructure such as transport and telecommunications, particularly to foreign companies whose only concern is their balance sheet rather than this country's national interest.
	www.gov.ie /debates-03/9Oct/Sect1.htm (15513 words)

	Workbench - Workbench: A Matter of Stating the State of Matter
		Workbench - Workbench: A Matter of Stating the State of Matter
		The compressibility of a substance indicates the space, or lack of it, between the atoms or molecules of various states of matter.
		After viewing all states of matter students will be asked to describe the difference in the motion of single atoms within each state.
	workbench.concord.org /web_content/unit1/1-08StatesOfMatter.html (1058 words)

	IN THE MATTER OF EILEEN GOLF, AS ADMINISTRATRIX &C. OF FLOYD GOLF, DECEASED, RESPONDENT, v. NEW YORK STATE DEP'T OF ...
		The State contends that the statute permits it to consider any income which the husband can transfer to the wife to meet her needs before allowing the husband to transfer additional resources under subsection (e)(2)(C).
		Section 366-c(3) states that its provisions are to be employed for purposes of "determining the availability of income to an institutionalized spouse in determining eligibility for medical assistance" [emphasis supplied].
		The state statute and its corresponding departmental regulations emanate from the federal financial font and stewardship of this vast field of Medicaid reimbursement.
	www.law.cornell.edu /ny/ctap/I98_0025.htm (7415 words)

	States of Matter
		All matter is made from atoms with the configuration of the atom, the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons, determining the kind of matter present (oxygen, lead, silver, neon...).
		The three normal states of matter have unique characteristics which are listed on the slide.
		The three normal states of matter listed on the slide have been known for many years and studied in physics and chemistry classes.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/state.html (726 words)

	change help: You can change the state of matter by either adding or subtracting what? - Help.com
		It usually includes the set of institutions that claim the authority to make the rules that govern the people of the society in that territory, though its status as a state often depends in part on being recognised by a number of other states as having internal and external sovereignty over it.
		Although the term often includes broadly all institutions of government or rule—ancient and modern—the modern state system bears a number of characteristics that were first consolidated in western Europe, beginning in earnest in the 15th century, when the term "state" also acquired its current meaning.
		For example, water in the liquid state is not the same as water in the frozen state.
	help.com /post/21442-you-can-change-the-state-of-matter (643 words)

	The 5th state of matter web site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The student is quite excited about the new state of matter that her teacher
		It was very interesting to see the idea of the 5th state of matter in letters which are not readable for many persons.
		Nevertheless, the meaning was totally clear: a new state of matter can be recognised in filaments.
	www.5th-state-of-matter.info /gb/comment.php?id=2 (265 words)

	Why changes the state of matter? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This kind of situation where matter changes it's characteristics is called a phenomenon.
		Matters can be in three states - solid, liquid or gas.
		Matters change their state when they receive or give away heat energy.
	www.miksike.com /chemistry/5-2-22-1.htm (341 words)

	New State of Matter created at CERN
		At a special seminar on 10 February, spokespersons from the experiments on CERN* 's Heavy Ion programme presented compelling evidence for the existence of a new state of matter in which quarks, instead of being bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated to roam freely.
		This state of matter found in heavy ion collisions at the SPS features many of the characteristics of the theoretically predicted quark-gluon plasma, the primordial soup in which quarks and gluons existed before they clumped together as the universe cooled down.
		While all of the pieces of the puzzle seem to fit with a quark-gluon plasma explanation, it is essential to study this newly produced matter at higher and lower temperature in order to fully characterize its properties and definitively confirm the quark gluon plasma interpretation.
	info.web.cern.ch /info/Press/PressReleases/Releases2000/PR01.00EQuarkGluonMatter.html (821 words)

	New State Of Matter Mooted (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Over the years, new states of matter have been proposed that had exotic magnetic or topological textures associated with the bosons.
		A better explanation for the intervening metallic phase is that bosons are condensing into a glass-like state.
		The researchers' findings are relevant to topological glasses in general, including the much-studied vortex glass state that has been argued to have zero resistance and to explain the ground state of high-temperature, copper-oxide superconductors in a perpendicular magnetic field.
	www.scienceagogo.com /news/20030912202548data_trunc_sys.shtml (1431 words)

	CNN.com - U.S. scientists create new form of matter - Jan. 28, 2004
		Scientists said on Wednesday they had created a new form of matter and predicted it could help lead to the next generation of superconductors for use in electricity generation, more efficient trains and countless other applications.
		The new matter form is called a fermionic condensate and it is the sixth known form of matter -- after gases, solids, liquids, plasma and a Bose-Einstein condensate, created only in 1995.
		Her team's new form of matter uses fermions -- the everyday building blocks of matter that include protons, electrons and neutrons.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/science/01/28/matter.new.reut (624 words)

	RHIC Scientists Serve Up "Perfect" Liquid
		"The truly stunning finding at RHIC that the new state of matter created in the collisions of gold ions is more like a liquid than a gas gives us a profound insight into the earliest moments of the universe," said Dr. Raymond L. Orbach, Director of the DOE Office of Science.
		Also of great interest to many following progress at RHIC is the emerging connection between the collider's results and calculations using the methods of string theory, an approach that attempts to explain fundamental properties of the universe using 10 dimensions instead of the usual three spatial dimensions plus time.
		However, unlike ordinary liquids, in which individual molecules move about randomly, the hot matter formed at RHIC seems to move in a pattern that exhibits a high degree of coordination among the particles -- somewhat like a school of fish that responds as one entity while moving through a changing environment.
	www.bnl.gov /bnlweb/pubaf/pr/PR_display.asp?prID=05-38 (1248 words)

	The universe is a string-net liquid - fundamentals - 15 March 2007 - New Scientist
		Wen speculated that FQHE systems represented a state of matter in which entanglement was an intrinsic property, with particles tied to each other in a complicated manner across the entire material.
		Their model predicts specific arrangements of atoms in the new state of matter, which they dub the "string-net liquid", and Young Lee's group at MIT might have found it.
		Even if herbertsmithite is not a new state of matter, we shouldn't be surprised if one is found soon, as many teams are hunting for them, says Freedman.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg19325954.200?DCMP=Matt_Sparkes&nsref=fourth-state (1619 words)

	Seven States Of Matter - Everything Is Mind Science Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The usual three states of matter that we are familiar with are solid, liquid and gas.
		The difference between beam and the other four states is that the particles of solid, liquid, gas and plasma all move in three dimensions whereas the particles of beam move together in one direction.
		The zero state of matter is known as the BEC or Bose-Einstein Condensate.
	www.mysciencearticles.com /Article/Seven-States-Of-Matter---Everything-Is-Mind/1173 (1372 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Ground State
		Applying these and other measures, the researchers were able to simulate a quantum computer's calculation of the ground states of water and lithium hydride with accuracy to six decimal...
		Nuclear isomers are excited states that eventually decay to the ground state, mostly by gamma radiation.
		These forms have a pronounced and sharp single mode ground state internuclear motion and the lowest state of these oscillations is driven exclusively by the ZPE.
	news.surfwax.com /chemistry/files/Ground_State.html (542 words)

	New State of Matter
		Evidence for or against formation of an initial state of deconfined quarks and gluons at the SPS thus must be extracted from a careful and quantitative analysis of the observed final state.
		The new state of matter found in heavy ion collisions at the SPS features many of the characteristics of the theoretically predicted quark-gluon plasma.
		The evidence for this new state of matter is based on a multitude of different observations.
	public.web.cern.ch /Chronological/Announcements/CERNAnnouncements/2000/NewStateMatter/Evidence.html (2412 words)

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