State owned enterprise

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Topic: State owned enterprise

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	Public ownership - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A government owned corporation (sometimes state-owned enterprise, SOE) may resemble a not-for-profit corporation as it may not be required to generate a profit; although governments may also use profitable entities they own to support the general budget.
		Public ownership (also called government ownership or state ownership) is government ownership of any asset, industry, or corporation at any level, national, regional or local (municipal).
		The creation of a government-owned corporation (corporatization) from other forms of government ownership may be a precursor to privatization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/State-owned

	State Owned enterprises restructuring - Law 15/1990
		State owned goods may be subject to a lease based on Government approval or, as the case may be, of the local administration.
		State owned companies, whatever their managerial body, are organized and operate as autonomous companies or commercial companies, in conformity with the present Law's provisions.
		State owned companies, excepting those set up as autonomous companies, will be organized as joint-stock or limited liability companies, under the terms stipulated by the Law.
	www.angelfire.com /biz/isml/l15p90.html

	03.txt
		In case the integrated property system is the object of the structural division, the enterprise, economic association formed by the lessees becomes the legal successor of the rights and responsibilities of the state-owned enterprise, organization connected with the activity of this structural division.
		Guarantee of rights for employees of the state enterprises and organizations, which ceased their activities The procedure for hiring employees of an enterprise by a leaseholder or an association of lessees etc. is determined by legislation.
		The employees of state enterprises, organizations, structural subdivisions, which ceased their activities in accordance with Article 16 of this Law and with whom no contracts have been signed, are granted social-legal guarantees foreseen by the legislation of Ukraine.
	www.brama.com /law/privatization/03.txt

	Restructuring State-owned Enterprises in China
		state capitalism, the continued subsidization of enterprise losses, rigid labor laws, state control over some input and output prices, easy access to bank credit (through relationships that might be described as a Chinese brand of crony capitalism), and monopolistic market practices have contributed to creating strong incentives for SOE management to operate their firms inefficiently.
		It would be difficult for SOE managers to do more than refinance existing loans, particularly as the approval of loan requests from SOE managers to state bank managers is becoming less automatic---a shift in policy that is likely to have serious ramifications for many SOEs and their workers.
		The SOE sector is a dominant employer in China.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/soe.htm

	Ambiguous Capital II
		However, when the state does directly control the appropriation and distribution, as in the case of enterprises that are integrated within the state bureaucracy (state-run enterprises), then this has important implications that warrant categorizing such enterprises in a different way than enterprises that are simply state-owned (or privately owned, for that matter).
		China's entry into WTO will provide an additional institutional setting for continued movement along the current path of reform --- away from the old state monopoly capitalism towards decentralized and competitive capitalism.
		SOE senior management must improve their strategies for competing over output markets in order to generate the necessary surplus value/cash flow to meet all existing obligations and have sufficient retained value to finance a major technological and marketing overhaul.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/economics/china-essays/14.htm

	Statkraft
		This is ensured in that the State will represent the state-owned enterprises in these obligations within six months after any bankruptcy situation occurring, so that creditors will receive full payment, including interest on overdue payments, by that date at the latest.
		As far as risk weighting for Statkraft’s loans is concerned, the absence of an implicit State guarantee in connection with the amendment to the State-Owned Enterprise Act means that the risk weighting for Norwegian financial institutions will increase to 100 per cent for new loans.
		A new State-Owned Enterprise Act (Proposition no.13 to the Storting [2002-2003]) was adopted by the Norwegian Storting (parliament).
	www.statkraft.nl /pro/investor_relations/rating_and_analysis/endring_lov_statsforetak.asp

	aea-lin.doc
		Because non-priority sectors were competing with priority sectors for the low-priced resources, the state needed to have a plan that indicated priorities for each project and then used administrative measures to allocate the resources accordingly to guarantee that the scarce resources would be allocated according to the state’s strategic goal.
		The average annual growth rate of SOEs’ wage fund in the state sector was 16 percent in 1978-96, while the average annual growth rate of output in the same period was 7.6 percent.
		Under such a circumstance, if the state had granted the business autonomy to the managers, the managers of a policy-determined profitable SOE could have a lot of shirking and on-job consumption because the state could observe neither their wrong doings directly nor the firm’s ought-to-be profits indirectly.
	gec.ifrance.com /documents/aea-lin.doc

	l00077.htm
		The board of management of an enterprise shall be composed of equal numbers of representatives, appointed by the owner of the property of the enterprise or a body authorized by it and elected by its labour collective respectively, unless the statute of the enterprise states otherwise.
		State registration of an enterprise State registration of an enterprise shall be made by local executive and managing bodies at the place, where the enterprise is located, unless the legislative acts of the Republic of Belarus state otherwise.
		Property of a communal enterprise shall be owned by a territorial administrative entity and assigned by the respective local Soviet of Deputies to the enterprise by the right of possession, use and disposal within the limits, established by the property owner and by the current legislative acts of the Republic of Belarus.
	www.belarus.net /softinfo/catal_la/l00077.htm

	State Owned Enterprise Governance...
		The core difference between state and private ownership, from a governance perspective, are the rights, obligations and pay-offs attaching to ownership.
		In doing so, it represents the consensus of professional thinking on how to measure the current state of education internationally.
		Private ownership confers extensive rights on the individual to enjoy the income from ownership, and control and change the use to which resources are put, including transferring ownership to another party.
	www.oecd.org /LongAbstract/0,2546,en_2649_201185_1902863_1_1_1_37417,00.html

	Bai1
		During survey practicable experiences in the process of state-owned enterprise equitization in some foreign countries, the book presents major issues, such as the aims, natures, characteristics, measures and steps of the process, then it draws a methodology in researching implementing and conducting the work of state-owned enterprise equitization.
		One of the strategic resolution for this matter is state-owned enterprise equitization to diversify ownership, create competitive factor as a motive for an increase in business effectiveness and set up an effec model of enterprise in a market economy.
		At the time of the research state-owned enterprise equitization in Vietnam was in the stage of experiment, the book can only mention and explain about this, but can not do surveys on practicable matters.
	www.ie.netnam.vn /Bai1.htm

	Epochtimes English Edition-
		Unfortunately it is not a bad joke, but a living nightmare haunting the Beijing government, an epidemic affecting most of the state-owned enterprises, or SOEs, in China.
		But the harder the state tries to save the sinking SOEs, the more losses they will ring up because inefficiency and corruption combined with mismanagement and lack of accountability are continuing.
		That means, that for the billions worth of investments the state poured into the province, the government bought over 40 billion yuan of debt.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/3-10-23/11444.html

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 99087918
		The decline of state-owned enterprise and the new foundations of the state-industry relationship Nicola Bellini 3.
		State-owned enterprises in a hostile environment Louis Galambos Conclusion: Schumpeter revisited Louis Galambos and William Baumol.
		State enterprise in Britain in the twentieth century Robert Millward 8.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/cam026/99087918.html

	The Political Economy of State Owned Enterprises
		Public enterprise and the adjustment process,'' in Haggard, S. and R. Kauffman (eds.,) The Politics of Economic Adjustment, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
		In most cases the common rationale for establishing SOE's was that the private sector in existence was weak, unable to compete with foreign goods or prone to the formation of alliances with foreign capital to the detriment of national interests.
		By these terms I mean (1) that the SOE sector pays wages that are higher than the marginal productivity of the labor it employs, and (2) that firms in the SOE sector employ more workers than their operations would justify on strictly rational economic grounds.
	www.sba.luc.edu /orgs/meea/volume1/kar.htm

	Viet Nam Moves to Reform State-Owned Enterprises - ADB.org
		Delays in implementing SOE reforms -and the absence of a clear, consistent and economically tenable approach to the role of these enterprises in economic development - have resulted in a deteriorating financial position for many SOEs.
		Its immediate task is to formulate and publicize a draft of an integrated reform program with time-bound targets for loss-making enterprises to improve their performance or undergo closure and complete divestiture if they fail.
		The government has established a National Enterprise Reform Committee as a clearing house to identify priorities and sequencing of reforms, initiate pilot experiments, fine-tune strategy and monitor and evaluate progress.
	www.asiandevbank.org /Documents/News/1999/nr1999139.asp

	Summary: Master Plan Contents
		The state enterprises in Other Sectors were set up with the purpose of either discharging the government’s role of providing basic services to the public or creating and promoting new industries where there is a lack of private sector participation.
		Privatisation plans may be submitted by both state enterprises and private entities, and will be considered and selected based upon stated criteria and appropriateness to a given SOE and the sector reform objectives.
		The degree of core governmental function is determined by the extent to which state enterprise responsibilities are related to discharging social and/or non-commercial functions.
	www.mof.go.th /sepc/sepcSMP.htm

	Legislation collection of Byelorussia for businessmen from WWW Belarus&Softinfo
		Contestants may be labour collectives of state-owned enterprises or of their structural units, mixed collectives including workers that are not engaged at a given enterprise, groups of citizens who have organized a collective with a view to lease the relevant enterprise, economic societies and partnerships, public organizations and citizens.
		Enterprises, state and collective farms and other agricultural organization may provide, on contractual basis, lease collectives of their units with the right to independently realize their own products (work, services) and to use the received incomes for labour remuneration, payment of taxes, budgetary payments and payment of social insurance sums.
		Free of charge transfer of state property shall be permitted with the consent of the property owner in all branches of the national economy and may be applied in relation to any property, that is not banned for lease or buy-out by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
	www.belarus.net /softinfo/catal_la/l00008.htm

	State-Owned Enterprise Governance and Privatization Program - ADB.org
		State-Owned Enterprise Governance and Privatization Program - ADB.org
		However, there is a firm commitment to SOE reform at the highest levels in the new Government and consequently the risk of the Program being diluted or abandoned is limited.
		For instance, all the members of the board of commissioners of SOEs are public servants many of whom have limited relevant skills-for whom the monetary and fringe benefits provide a considerable income.
	www.adb.org /Documents/News/2001/pi2001179.asp

	Commercial Law Center Foundation in Warsaw, Poland: Articles & Commentary
		The regulations of the act on and privatization of state-owned enterprises do not apply to disposing of and encumbering shares of the Treasury within the framework of the execution of a banking settlement, except the provisions concerning the acquisition of shares by employees and farmers or fishers.
		If the debtor is state owned agrobusiness enterprise, then the conciliatory proposals taking into account the program of developing the estate after the taking over by the Treasury Agricultural Property Agency, require the consent of the Agency.
		1 do not apply to state owned enterprises whose privatization requires consent of the Council of Ministers on the basis of separate regulations, unless the Council of Ministers expresses consent to privatization.
	www.prawo.org.pl /statutes/stat39.html

	Privatization, by Madsen Pirie: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		In some cases the state enterprises that were "privatized" had never been in the private sector.
		The capital assets of state businesses are often of poor quality because, it is claimed, it is always easier for governments to attend to more urgent claims on limited resources than the renewal of capital equipment.
		Britoil was sold in 1983, the British Ports in 1983, and Jaguar Cars in 1984, which also saw the sale of British Telecom, the state monopoly telephone service.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/Privatization.html

	LOAN: INO 32517-01 State-owned Enterprise Governance and Privatization Program
		The Program will address the State-owned Enterprises (SOE) performance in Indonesia which has been affected by weak corporate governance such as Government interference, poor internal controls, loopholes in accounting practices, weak auditing standards and practices and frail protection of minority shareholders.
		By reforming SOEs and orchestrating a shift from ownership/management to selected regulation, the Government will not only free up scarce resources but also stimulate the much larger capacity of the private sector to drive economic growth.
		Through the implementation of the corporate governance in the Program, SOEs will be forced to increase their transparency in dealings with their shareholders, lenders, employees, and other stakeholders.
	www.adb.org /Documents/Profiles/LOAN/32517013.ASP

	ASEM - Vietnam State-Owned Enterprise Reform
		The main concerns in implementing enterprise reform are the development of transparent and simplified divestiture methods, dealing with excess labor, resolving the bad debts of many of the companies, and providing effective governance of state-owned enterprises while they remain under majority government ownership.
		For sustained financial stability and financial sector strengthening in Vietnam, profound restructuring of the state-owned enterprise sector is critical.
		The effort would be coordinated by the National Enterprise Reform Committee (NERC) which would utilize the 'real-time' feedback from these pilots into their efforts to revise and formulate national level policies for SOE reform.
	web.worldbank.org /servlets/ECR?contentMDK=20139242&sitePK=277456

	China's state owned enterprise reform
		The reform of the state owned enterprises (SOEs) is indispensable for the achievement of China's economic reform.
		Furthermore, the Supervision Regulations (1994) stipulates that the state assets are supervised centrally or at the local level under the administrative guidance of the National Administrative Bureau for State-Owned Property(NABSOP).
		Ma claims that the existence of two level of the principal-agent problem in the SOEs is because the board directors representing state ownership are not owners of firm assets in a strict sense.
	www.gwu.edu /~econ270/Noriko.htm

	State-Owned Enterprise, Labor Redundancy, and Job Creation: The Experience of Chinese Provinces from 1986 to 1996 (ResearchIndex)
		State-Owned Enterprise, Labor Redundancy, and Job Creation: The Experience of Chinese Provinces from 1986 to 1996
		0.5: State Ownership and Labor Redundancy: - Estimates Based On
		This paper uses a panel data of Chinese provinces between 1986 to 1996 to estimate China's SOE labor redundancy, and patterns and determinants of job creation in China.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /578927.html

	Streymoy
		Vagatunnilin p/f, a limited, state owned enterprise, owns the concession to design, build and operate the tunnel...
		Vestmannasund sub-sea road tunnel and adjacent toad connections to establish a fixed link between two of the main islands, Streymoy and Vagar.
		Land of the Faroes; The Faroe Islands sound familiar only from the shipping forecast - but their hidden location, halfwa...
	faeroese.encyclopedia.st /Streymoy

	Beehive.govt.nz - State Owned Enterprises
		State Owned Enterprises Minister Mark Burton said he is satisfied that New Zealand Post has taken appropriate steps to ensure that current redundancy provisions are reasonable and in line with standard practice.
		Minister for State Owned Enterprises Mark Burton is today congratulating MetService on securing a contract for their Weatherscape XT graphics package with the BBC.
		Minister for State Owned Enterprises (SOE’s) Mark Burton is impressed by the achievements outlined in the annual report tabled today by MetService.
	www.beehive.govt.nz /Portfolio.aspx?PortfolioID=52&p=f

	State Owned Enterprise (SOE)
		SOEs are companies listed in the First Schedule of the State Owned Enterprises Act 1986.
		SOEs operate as a commercial business but are owned by the State.
		They have boards of directors, appointed by shareholding Ministers to take full responsibility for running the business.
	www.ssc.govt.nz /display/glossaryitem.asp?id=84

	State ownership and labor redundancy: estimates based on enterprise-level data from Vietnam
		This paper attempts to explore how to estimate labour redundancy after the privatisation or restructuring of a state-owned enterprise.
		if the state share of capital was brought down to zero, roughly half of the workers in the corresponding enterprises would be redundant.
		This paper estimates labor redundancy by comparing employment levels across enterprises with different degrees of state ownership.
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC9207.htm

	CNN.com - China closes down state-owned enterprise for polluting - August 8, 2000
		Founded in 1936, the Shenyang Smeltery was among China's top 500 state-owned enterprises in the 1980s, refining gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.
		The Shenyang Smeltery is China's first large government enterprise to be closed because of pollution, the state-run Xinhua News Agency said.
		BEIJING (AP) -- China said Tuesday it shut down a state-run metal company that for years spewed enormous amounts of sulfur dioxide and other pollutants into the air.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/ASIANOW/east/08/08/china.pollution.ap

	article.php3?artid=585
		To establish the federal state-owned unitary enterprise Rosoboronexport by consolidating federal state-owned unitary enterprises Rosvooruzheniye and Promexport.
		With another decree the President united two companies into federal state-owned enterprise Rosoboronexport headed by Andrei Belyaninov, former Deputy Director-General of Promexport.
		The Main State Legal Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation shall within two months submit proposals to bring acts by the President of the Russian Federation in accord with the present decree.
	www.pircenter.org /board/article.php3?artid=585

	pwrpub_view.scml?ppa=5kmqoXYlolqtqqXTkhwQq3bfehYm
		Anping Kaolin Co., Ltd, a key kaolin producer in China, is the province's first foreign-funded company spawned by a state-owned enterprise after being bought by the US-based Engelhard Corporation.
		TAIYUAN, Dec. 15 (Xinhua) -- A state-owned company in northern China's Shanxi province has been entirely bought by foreign capital.
		Engelhard, a mineral and chemical firm, spent 100 million yuan on fully controlling Anping Kaolin, located at Shuozhou city around which ample high-quality kaolin resources are found.
	www.intellisearchnow.com /pwrpub_view.scml?ppa=5kmqoXYlolqtqqXTkhwQq3bfehYm

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