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	Encyclopedia: State space (controls)
		In control engineering, a state space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system as a set of input, output and state variables related by first-order differential equations.
		To abstract from the number of inputs, outputs and states, the variables are expressed as vectors and the differential and algebraic equations are written in matrix form.
		In electronic systems, the number of state variables is the same as the number of energy storage elements in the circuit (capacitors and inductors).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/State-space-(controls) (2320 words)

	State space (controls) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In (Click link for more info and facts about control engineering) control engineering, a state space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system as a set of input, output and state variables related by first-order (An equation containing differentials of a function) differential equations.
		In electronic systems, the number of state variables is the same as the number of energy storage elements in the circuit ((An electrical device characterized by its capacity to store an electric charge) capacitors and (An electrical device that introduces inductance into a circuit) inductors).
		x is the "state vector", y is the "output vector", u is the "input (or control) vector", A is the "state matrix", B is the "input matrix", C is the "output matrix", and D is the "feedthrough (or feedforward) matrix".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/st/state_space_(controls).htm (1570 words)

	Universität Witten/Herdecke \| state space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The state space is an ontological category, yet there is no absolute state space, and we can make a difference between state spaces as defined and perceived by different observers of a system.
		The "true" state space is endogenous to the evolutionary process, and total knowlegde of this may only be accessible for an omniscient being for whom >impossibility theorems apply.
		This state space is relative to the reach of functional analysis (e.g.
	notesweb.uni-wh.de /wg/wiwi/wgwiwi.nsf/name/evec_state-EN (275 words)

	State space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, a state space is a description of a configuration of states used as a simple model of machines.
		The state space is what state space search searches in.
		State space (controls) for information about state space in control engineering.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/State_space (132 words)

	Wlodek M Zuberek: distributed state space generation
		A popular approach to the verification of discrete-state systems is based on the exhaustive exploration of their state spaces to check if all states which are reachable from the initial state(s) satisfy the required conditions (e.g., mutual exclusion, boundedness, and so on).
		The detailed definition of this function depends upon the representation of the state, but is assumed that this function uniformly distributes the states over the regions (which may not be quite simple to accomplish because the state space is not usually known in advance).
		A successor state can be in the same region (in which case it is called a local state) or in a different region (in which case it is called an external state).
	www.cs.mun.ca /~wlodek/research/proj-distr-comp-b.html (643 words)

	State Space Example (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The state space representation of a system is one way in which the mathematical model of the system can be expressed.
		The state space model for an nth-order system is a set of n 1st-order differential equations, called the state equations, and a set of p algebraic equations, called the output equations.
		To compare the state space model with the impulse response representation, we can let the input u(t) be the unit impulse function, and substitute that into the solution to the differential equation shown above.
	bass.gmu.edu /ececourses/ece220_320_421/stspacex.html (1794 words)

	State Space Search and Graph Search Compared
		Having specified the states of the example world the next step is to specify which of the possible 8 x 7 transitions between the distinct states are realized in our example world.
		In order to solve the example problem in a state space, it is necessary to provide a description that represents the legal states and a set of generators (or partial functions) which mirror the legal transitions in the "Example" World.
		Detection of these cycles requires that all of the states already generated on a path to the current state be checked to determine whether the current state already exists on the path.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~cfs/472_html/AI_SEARCH/GraphSearch.html (1615 words)

	State Space Averaging
		Multiply each state equation by it's time ratio and sum to form a "weighted average" of the state equations.
		State 1: Switch D is ON and D' is OFF.
		State 2: Switch D' is ON and D is OFF.
	www.geocities.com /capecanaveral/lab/9643/ssa.htm (263 words)

	State Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The rules that take a system in a given state to its next state over time are collected together in the "dynamic" or, equivalently, in the system's "equations of motion".
		Geometrically, we imagine that each state in the state space has a little arrow attached that indicates what state to move to next.
		One of the main goals of qualitative dynamics is to detect and analyze the different types of trajectories and other objects in the state space that govern a system's behavior.
	www.exploratorium.edu /complexity/CompLexicon/statespace.html (463 words)

	Reconstructing the state-space
		The first problem in modelling a time series like the one described by Equations (2.6) and (2.7) is to try to reconstruct the original state-space or its equivalent, i.e.
		Two spaces are topologically equivalent if there exists a continuous mapping with a continuous inverse between them.
		Takens' theorem states that in the general case, the dynamics of the system recovered by delay coordinate embedding are the same as the dynamics of the original system.
	www.cis.hut.fi /ahonkela/dippa/node15.html (326 words)

	State-space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Where x(n) is the current state of the system, x(n+1) is the next state of the system, u(n) is the input to the system, and y(n) is the output of the system.
		The equation x(n+1) = Ax(n) + u(n), is known as the state equation and y(n) = Cx(n) + Du(n), is known as the output equation.
		The filter is a 10th order filter meaning that the A matrix is 10x10, B is 10x1, and C is 1x10 with all numbers being represented in 2s-complement form.
	www.engineering.usu.edu /ece/research/chip/state_space.htm (276 words)

	Notes: State Space Search
		The the domain of state space search, the nodes are interpreted to be states in a problem-solving process, and the arcs are taken to be transitions between states.
		On a path in a rooted graph, a state is said to be an ancestor of all states positioned after it (to its right) and a descendant of all states before it (to its left).
		Depth first is more efficient for spaces with a large branching factor, because it does not have to keep all nodes at a given level on the open.
	starbase.trincoll.edu /~ram/cpsc352/notes/search.html (2127 words)

	Handling State Space Explosion
		During model checking, most of the memory is consumed by the hash table containing the states visited and the queue of states whose successors are yet to be generated.
		However, for state spaces on the order of hundred million states with practical hash table sizes of several hundred megabytes, the probability of missing even a single state due to a signature conflict can be reduced to
		Finally, some of the most effective reductions in the state space are achieved through methods that risk missing some errors for the benefit of catching the remaining ones more efficiently.
	www.usenix.org /event/osdi02/tech/full_papers/musuvathi/musuvathi_html/node11.html (987 words)

	State Space Models and Filtering
		A state space model usually consists of two sets of equations, the system equations and the observation equations.
		For a linear Gaussian state space model, the well-known Kalman filtering approach provides optimal estimates for state variables based on the information from the two sources, the dynamic equations and the observations.
		However, for nonlinear and non-Gaussian state space models, it is quite challenging to estimate the state variables (including filtering, smoothing and forecasting) and model parameters.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /smd/biostat/people/faculty/WuSite/ssm.htm (309 words)

	Automatic State Space Model Selection
		Once the state vector is selected the state space model is estimated by approximate maximum likelihood.
		The form of the state vector and the preliminary estimates are printed next, as shown in Figure 18.4.
		Attempting to fit state space models to nonstationary data is a common cause of convergence failure.
	www.uc.edu /sashtml/ets/chap18/sect3.htm (1220 words)

	Attractors Everywhere - Order from Chaos
		In this vast state space each point represents the computer screen being in a specific state (and so uniquely defines the state of all the 640x480 dots on the display).
		As the screen changes a succession of points in state space are invoked, the sequence of these activations is the time trajectory of the system in state space.
		The mind's state space is a complex multi-dimensional matrix of many parameters, one for each feature of the scene.
	www.calresco.org /attract.htm (1631 words)

	State Space Models
		State space models use linear differential equations to describe system dynamics.
		where x is the state vector and u and y are the input and output vectors.
		These models may arise from the equation of physics, from state space identification or as the result of linearization.
	www.20sim.com /webhelp4/Toolboxes/control/Controller_Design_Editor/Editor/State_Space_Models.htm (185 words)

	CTM: State Space Tutorial
		where x is an n by 1 vector representing the state (commonly position and velocity variables in mechanical systems), u is a scalar representing the input (commonly a force or torque in mechanical systems), and y is a scalar representing the output.
		The matrices A (n by n), B (n by 1), and C (1 by n) determine the relationships between the state and input and output variables.
		State space representation can also be used for systems with multiple inputs and outputs (MIMO), but we will only use single-input, single-output (SISO) systems in these tutorials.
	www.engin.umich.edu /group/ctm/state/state.html (1546 words)

	Compositional State Space Generation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abstract: Compositional state space generation means the generation of a condensed version of the state space of a system in a compositional manner.
		The generated condensed state space is in a certain sense equivalent with the ordinary state space, thus it can be used for the analysis of certain properties of the system.
		Compositional state space generation is a very desirable goal because it has the potential to significantly increase the size of systems analysable with given computer resources.
	www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de /TGI/pnbib/v/valmari_a7.html (280 words)

	State Space Search
		State space search techniques are often illustrated by showing how they can be used in solving puzzles of the sort you find in intelligence tests.
		This particular puzzle is based on a simple problem solving domain where the problem state can be represented simply as a pair of numbers giving the amount of water in each jug (e.g., [4, 3] means that there is 4 gallons in the 4-gallon jug and 3 in the 3 gallon jug).
		Rules such as [X, Y] [X, 0] mean that we can get from a state where there are X gallons in the first jug and Y in the second jug to a state where there are X gallons in the first and none in the second, using the given action.
	www.cee.hw.ac.uk /~alison/ai3notes/subsection2_6_3_1.html (1489 words)

	Contemporary Inference in State Space Models (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The group is working with studying the literature in the field of state space modelling.
		March 26th, 1999 State Space Models for Longitudinal Data from Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy.
		June 15th, 1999 State Space Models for Longitudinal Data from Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy.
	www.math.aau.dk /~s0ren/state-space.html (367 words)

	State Leasing & Space Management Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Space Allocation Table -- For use when an Agency prepares a space request, these guidelines are used to determine the actual amount of floor space assigned per position or function.
		State Construction Specifications -- Standard specifications for construction of State facilities and office space.
		State Space Layout Guidelines -- General guidelines to State office space layout and design.
	www.leasing.state.wi.us /leaseinfo.asp (188 words)

	State Space Modelling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An increasing number of models central to theoretical and empirical finance turn out to be recastable as state space forms.
		Conditional heteroskedasticity (including ARCH, GARCH, etc.) and stochastic volatility models are of the highest importance for finance and lend themselves to further analysis in a rigorous state space framework.
		Differential geometric techniques may be tailored to establish manageable finite-dimensional filtering approximations for estimation and prediction of continuous time stochastic differential equation models of the type underlying most of mathematical finance.
	www.cls.dk /caf/projects/caf2.html (146 words)

	state space analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From the viewpoint of the dynamics paradigm, the behavior of an agent, as well as the evolution of its internal states, forms a dynamical system.
		State space analysis characterises the dynamics of a system in terms of attractors, geometric descriptions of recurrent trajectories, and Lyapounov exponents.
		This approach to the development of quantitative measures of behavioral performance is based on the idea of treating agent behavior as dissipative structures arising in the new linear interaction space processes set up between an agent and an environment.
	arti.vub.ac.be /miscellaneous/brochure/section1.3.0.4.html (349 words)

	Washington NASA Space Grant Consortium
		We serve as a NASA point of contact for Washington residents, housing the NASA Regional Educator Resource Center and Space Science Network Northwest (S2N2).
		Our Space Grant programs include college and university scholarships, graduate fellowships, research opportunities, courses, teaching resources, public events and more through a network of affiliate institutions around Washington state.
		Washington NASA Space Grant Consortium is housed in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences at the University of Washington.
	www.waspacegrant.org (126 words)

	Bemdiji State Space Studies Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Space Studies minor at Bemidji State University is a broad-based course of study that introduces students to interdisciplinary aspects of human activity in space, while offering students a greater understanding of space policy, use, exploration, and the many ways our world is affected by space activity.
		The Space Studies minor requires a basic core of science, but the varied elective studies also include topics such as:
		to gain an understanding and knowledge of the development, operation and importance of space ventures.
	www.bemidjistate.edu /ceess/spacestudies.html (150 words)

	Rarity Based Guided State Space Search (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: State explosion is a common problem when verifying large designs.
		Partial state exploration using guided techniques has become a subject of wide research.
		We propose a rarity-based metric for state prioritization and several techniques which use the metric for enhanced state space search.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /435998.html (338 words)

	Bemdiji State Space Grant and Fellowship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bemidji State University belongs to the Minnesota Space Grant Consortium which is a member of the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
		to assist in establishing a national network of universities with capabilities in space studies and related fields
		enrollment in space studies courses during scholarship year and/or declared minor in space studies
	www.bemidjistate.edu /ceess/spacegrant.html (178 words)

	Efficient Coverage Directed State Space Search - Ganai, Aziz (ResearchIndex)
		Heuristics are used to guide the search to uncovered portions of the state space; mechanisms employed include adaptive random simulation, directed search, BDD subsetting, and interspersing symbolic methods with simulation.
		Guards are used to determine which parts of the overall state space have been explored.
		2 Ecient State Space Pruning in Symbolic Backward Traversal (context) - Cabodi, Camurati et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /ganai98efficient.html (502 words)

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