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Topic: Static typing

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Dynamic typing

Type polymorphism

Common Lisp

Programming language

Natural deduction

IronPython

Boo programming language

Liskov substitution principle

C programming language

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Lexical scoping

Design by contract

Propositional calculus

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Axiom computer algebra system

	Static typing and other mysteries of life
		The policy known as static typing, which I will argue is the only reasonable one for professional software development, states that we should answer the "when" part of the question by "before we ever think of running the system", and the "how" part by "through mere examination of the software text".
		Static binding, which if I understand properly is the default C++ policy, would mean that we disregard the object type and believe the entity declaration, leading us for example to apply to a Boeing 747-400 the version of a feature, such as lower_landing_gear, that has been defined for the standard Boeing 747 planes.
		Static typing, as in Eiffel, means performing the check before any execution of the software; typically, this will be part of the verifications made by a compiler.
	archive.eiffel.com /doc/manuals/technology/typing/paper/page.html (4425 words)

	Premshree Pillai's Site - Static Typing versus Dynamic Typing
		Static typing and dynamic typing are concerns of programming language design; thus lack of knowledge of a particular type is not going to harp your understanding of static and dynamic typing.
		To begin with, it should be made explicit that “typing” in static and dynamic typing refers to “type” as in data type, and not the process of fingering keys on a keyboard.
		Static typing and dynamic typing, and strong typing and weak typing are topics of programming language design concern that are not always clearly defined, and as a result not very well understood.
	premshree.seacrow.com /writings/typing (1492 words)

	Static typing
		So there must be something in the typing mechanism system that reconciles the safety and clarity of typing with the programmer's natural desire for power and flexibility.
		One of the main unvoiced reasons for the hostility to static typing in Smalltalk is that Smalltalk has only single inheritance; so in a case like this you would have to choose only one of the two viewpoints, making static typing unacceptably constraining.
		The assignment x := y, by the rules of typing, requires the type of y to be a descendant of the type of x.
	archive.eiffel.com /doc/manuals/technology/typing/intro.html (754 words)

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	Modern Static Typing: Less Code, Better Code
		In a recent piece called Strong Typing vs. Strong Testing, noted programmer and author Bruce Eckel makes an argument that dynamically typed languages such as Python are superior to statically typed languages such as Java and C++.
		You still need to test, but the benefit of static typing is, you don't have to write the tests you would have written just for checking types.
		There's an interesting passage in the article suggesting that static typing is too restrictive because it doesn't allow one to write code which works with unrelated classes that happen to have methods with the same signature.
	www.xoltar.org /misc/static_typing_eckel.html (2541 words)

	www-ql@w3.org from January to March 2002: by author
		Re: static typing and computed elements (Thursday, 17 January)
		FW: static typing and computed elements (Friday, 18 January)
		RE: static typing and computed elements (Monday, 21 January)
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/www-ql/2002JanMar/author.html (696 words)

	raganwald: October 2006
		Leaving aside the argument that static typing helps your IDE help you, the really big idea behind modern static typing is that because certain properties of variables are invariant, it is tractable to perform a lot of analysis on a program looking for contradictions.
		ML is a programming language featuring type inference: you don’t have to encumber your code with type declarations, the compiler can figure them out for you.
		Type inference languages still have labels, but the labels are hidden inside of the files and boxes where you can’t see them.
	weblog.raganwald.com /archives/2006_10_01_archive.html (9410 words)

	Strong Typing and Perl
		Since type checking in C and Pascal is a failure (and I have a big fit about this and foam at the mouth so that nobody dares disagree) there are two directions to go.
		The big benefits here are: The type system is very fine-grained and flexible, so that there are many many types and you can be very specific about what type a certain value has.
		Finally, I talk about the possibility of adding good static type checking to Perl, and conclude that it's a lost cause because one of the essential features of Perl is that it automatically converts values from one type to another, which defeats the possibility of checking.
	perl.plover.com /yak/typing (380 words)

	raganwald: March 2006
		Static typing can easily distinguish between methods that might return a null (like getting a column from a database row) and variables that must not contain a null.
		When we discuss "type safety" we have to think along the same two axes of risk: there is safety that protects us from something going wrong, and there is safety that limits the consequences when something does go wrong.
		Java, in effect, provides two kinds of type safety: its static type checking reduces the likelihood of a typing error, and its runtime cast checking sharply limits the consequences of a bad cast.
	weblog.raganwald.com /archives/2006_03_01_archive.html (5343 words)

	www-ql@w3.org from January to March 2002: by thread
		Type Hierarchy TAN Kuan Hui (Thursday, 24 January)
		RE: static typing and computed elements Bas de Bakker (Thursday, 17 January)
		FW: static typing and computed elements Martin Tapp (Friday, 18 January)
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/www-ql/2002JanMar/thread.html (1038 words)

	Madarco DevBlog » General
		Static typing is, among other things, a way to have the compiler test your code for type issues.
		But Static Typing not only prevent you to do mistakes, like typos, it allows your IDE to know what you are doing:
		Static Typing speeds up development because there is physically less to type since ctrl+space and ctrl+2 write the declarations for you.
	blog.madarco.net /category/general (1160 words)

	www-ql@w3.org from January to March 2002: by date
		FW: static typing and computed elements Martin Tapp
		Re: static typing and computed elements Philip Wadler
		RE: static typing and computed elements Bas de Bakker
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/www-ql/2002JanMar (519 words)

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