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Topic: Statistical classification

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	Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential Project: 1.1 Overview: contextual
		The purpose of a statistical classification is often confused with that of a nomenclature.
		But statistics is eminently a science of classification; and it is evident, on glancing at the subject cursorily, that any classification that brings together in groups diseases that have considerable affinity, or that are liable to be confounded with each other, is likely to facilitate the deduction of general principles.
		Several classifications may, therefore, be used with advantage; and the physician, the pathologist, or the jurist, each from his own point of view, may legitimately classify the diseases and the causes of death in the way that he thinks best adapted to facilitate his inquiries, and to yield general results.
	www.uia.org /encyclopedia/encycom_bodies.php?kap=15 (3336 words)

	ICD Help
		The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is designed for the classification of Morbidity and Mortality information for statistical purposes, and for the indexing of hospital records by disease and operations, for data storage and retrieval.
		The anatomist, for example, may desire a classification based on the part of the body affected whereas the pathologist is primarily interested in the nature of the disease process, the public health practitioner in aetiology and the clinician in the particular manifestation requiring his care.
		It is this element of grouping in a statistical classification that distinguishes it from a nomenclature, a list or catalogue of approved names for morbid conditions, which must be extensive in order to accommodate all pathological conditions.
	wonder.cdc.gov /wonder/help/icd.html (3201 words)

	International Classification Of Diseases - 9 (1975)
		The International Statistical Institute, the successor to the International Statistical Congress, at its meeting in Vienna in 1891, charged a committee, of which Jacques Bertillon (1851-1922), Chef des Travaux statistiques de la ville de Paris, was chairman, with the preparation of a classification of causes of death.
		The classification prepared by Bertillon was based on the classification of causes of death used by the City of Paris, which, since its revision in 1885, represented a synthesis of English, German, and Swiss classifications.
		Classification of Impairments and Handicaps The ICD provided the means of classifying current illness or injury; the classification of procedures provided a means of coding the treatment or other services consumed by the patient.
	wonder.cdc.gov /wonder/sci_data/codes/icd9/type_txt/icd9.asp (6929 words)

	Bureau of Statistics, work unit of the Policy Integration Department
		The main tasks of the custodian of a national statistical classification are related to its development, use, maintenance and revision.
		A statistical classification is a set of discrete values that can be assigned to specific variables which are to be measured in a statistical survey, or registered in administrative files to be used as a basis for statistics.
		Maintaining a classification should be an ongoing activity of those responsible for the classification, to be combined with training and back-stopping for users of the classification or of the resulting statistics.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/bureau/stat/isco/docs/intro5.htm (1072 words)

	Statistical classification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Statistical classification is a statistical procedure in which individual items are placed into groups based on quantitative information on one or more characteristics inherent in the items (referred to as traits, variables, characters, etc) and based on a training set of previously labeled items.
		Statistical classification algorithms are typically used in pattern recognition systems.
		The second problem is to consider classification as an estimation problem, where the goal is to estimate a function of the form
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Statistical_classification (357 words)

	N C H S - Classification of Diseases - Classification of Death and Injury Resulting from Terrorism
		In light of the events of September 11, NCHS felt the need to evaluate the adequacy of the statistical classifications in terms of its ability to characterize deaths and illnesses associated with acts of terrorism.
		NCHS has taken the initiative on this task because classification of injuries and deaths is within the purview of NCHS’s leadership in national vital statistics as well as because of its leading role in developing and maintaining the ICD-9-CM.
		Emergency procedures for introducing new categories for disease classification have been used before, most recently when the classification for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was developed by CDC’s NCHS and Center for Infectious Diseases in the mid-1980s (4,5,6,7).
	www.cdc.gov /nchs/about/otheract/icd9/terrorism_code.htm (2722 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Revision of visual impairment definitions in the International Statistical Classification ...
		There is increasing consensus that the use of best-corrected visual acuity to assess the burden of visual impairment in a population is inappropriate as it misses visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive error [2,3,5-7].
		In the ICD classification, the term 'low vision' is used for visual acuity less than 6/18 to 3/60 after refractive correction, which includes treatable causes such as cataract and others [1,5].
		We suggest revision of the ICD classification for visual impairment to reflect the modifications in the definitions suggested above and to indicate combinations of visual impairment in the two eyes of a person that are most commonly used in practical assessments of visual impairment (Table 4).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7015/4/7 (3353 words)

	Rainbow
		The general pattern of rainbow usage is in two steps (1) have rainbow read your documents and write to disk a "model" containing their statistics, (2) using the model, rainbow performs classification or diagnostics.
		Before performing classification or diagnostics with rainbow, you must first have rainbow index your data--that is, read your documents and archive a "model" containing their statistics.
		Statistics from a set of training documents will determine the parameters of the classifier; classification of a set of testing documents will be output.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~mccallum/bow/rainbow (2759 words)

	[No title]
		Classification The densities are known or there is a training dataset from which they can be estimated.
		In multivariate statistical classification the decision procedure optimal for MVNDs, wherein an unknown is assigned on the basis of a comparison of quadratic forms, is in fact fully optimum for much broader classes of distributions.
		Classification with quadratic discriminant functions, which has already been extensively explored and programmed for Normal distributions, can then be optimally applied for these wider classes of distributions.
	www.uic.edu /classes/idsc/ids594/notes.doc (4322 words)

	Andre HECK - Papers on classification
		Statistical classification of IUE stellar spectra by the variable Procrustean bed (VPB) approach (with D. Egret, Ph.
		Statistical classification of IUE low-dispersion stellar spectra: progress report (with D. Egret, Ph.
		UV stellar spectral classification, in Exploring the Universe with the IUE Satellite, Eds.
	cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr /~heck/p-class.htm (992 words)

	OpenClinical: ICD: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The history of the ICD extends back to the late 19th century, when the need for standardizing classification concepts and terminology was recognized by the medical community in Europe.
		A classification of diseases can be defined as a system of categories to which morbid entities are assigned according to established criteria.
		A statistical classification of diseases must be confined to a limited number of mutually exclusive categories, able to encompass the whole range of morbid condition, and must have well defined place in the list of categories.
	www.openclinical.org /medTermICD.html (1023 words)

	ECB: Publication of a statistical classification of financial markets instruments
		Financial markets statistics are intensively used by the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) in order to analyse the relationship between monetary policy and the structure and dynamics of the financial markets.
		The classification builds on the European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 95) classification and on international market standards, adjusted and enhanced where necessary for the purposes of financial markets statistics.
		It is thus consistent with the overall statistical framework of the ESCB.
	www.ecb.int /press/pr/date/2005/html/pr050712.en.html (248 words)

	Classification, Powerlaws, and the Logarithmic Transformation
		Aitchison and Brown believed that the lognormal distribution was as fundamental a distribution in statistics as the normal distribution: “It arises from a theory of elementary errors combined by a multiplicative process, just as the normal distribution arises from a theory of elementary errors combined by addition” (pp.
		The role of inferential statistics and logarithmic transformation in numerical classification and mapping will be analyzed in terms of the allocation of scientific journals into different subject sets.
		Thus, the conclusion from the logical LC classification of this citation environment of the JACS is that we dealing with a core of 19 journals fully within the chemistry set and two journals—Science and Biochemistry-US—only partially within the chemistry set.
	users.fmg.uva.nl /lleydesdorff/log05 (4633 words)

	Meritxell Bach i Cuadra - Development in Statistical Classification on MR imaging
		On the other hand, automated and reliable tissue classification is a demanding task as the intensity representation of the data normally does not allow a clear delimitation of the different tissue types present in a natural MRI.
		Tissue classification methods can also be assessed by using synthetic data even if these kinds of images can hardly capture the complexity and the artifacts present in a MRI.
		Validation is made by comparing the results obtained by the classification methods with the 5-class ground truth classification and to the brain phantom image histograms.
	ltswww.epfl.ch /~bach/statClass.shtml (1646 words)

	History of the Standard Industrial Classification, by Esther Pearce
		This recommendation, which was transmitted to the Central Statistical Board, suggested that there should be established continuing committee machinery to explore the problems of industrial classification of statistical data.
		Toward the end of World War II, it was thought advisable to revise the 1941 classification of manufacturing in order to reflect technological advances in industry, and to incorporate changes recommended by users of the classification.
		The proposed revision of the Classification was cleared with government agencies, the Industry Committees; and various research, trade, and labor organizations.
	www.census.gov /epcd/www/sichist.htm (1051 words)

	The third meeting of ASEAN Task Force on Harmonization of Statistical Classification, Bangkok, 20-22 March 2006
		Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific, Tokyo
		The project will continue ASEAN technical cooperation with the UN Statistics Division and ESCAP to ensure that the activities and outputs are consistent with the bigger ASPAC regional and global directions in the revision of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).
		The third meeting of ASEAN Task Force on Harmonization of Statistical Classification held on 20-22 March 2006 in Bangkok, incollaboration with the UNESCAP.
	www.unescap.org /stat/meet/tfsc3/index.asp (285 words)

	The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction
		Statistical procedures are presented for estimating and comparing them.
		This book presents many worked examples of real data and should be of interest to practicing statisticians or quantitative researchers involved in the development of tests for classification or prediction in medicine.
		A family of nonparametric statistics for comparing diagnostic markers with paired or unpaired data.
	www.fhcrc.org /labs/pepe/book (700 words)

	Classification Tree Method for Bacterial Source Tracking with Antibiotic Resistance Analysis Data -- Price et al. 72 ...
		Classification results for a hypothetical terminal node, showing that changing the prior probabilities from source proportions to equal changes the source assignment of the node from human to wildlife
		A classification model for BST is judged by the likelihood of
		Classification of antibiotic resistance patterns of indicator bacteria by discriminant analysis: use in predicting the source of fecal contamination in subtropical waters.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/5/3468 (4812 words)

	OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Classification
		It also refers to the description of deviations of classification systems compared to accepted statistical standards, guidelines, or good practices, when relevant.
		The terms "classification" and "nomenclature" are often used interchangeably, despite the definition of a "nomenclature" being narrower than that of a "classification".
		Examples of classification are NACE Rev. 1 (Statistical Classification Of Economic Activities), NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for statistics), and ISCO-88 (International Standard Classification of Occupations).
	stats.oecd.org /glossary/detail.asp?ID=350 (381 words)

	Miao - DSP and Statistical Classification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is the first book to introduce and integrate the topics of digital signal processing (DSP) and statistical classification together, and the only volume to introduce state-of-the-art transforms, including DFT, FFT, DCT, DST, DHT, DHLT, DFHT, DTWT, DWT, DHAT, PCT, CCT, CDT, and ODT together for DSP and digital communication applications.
		Extensively referenced with over 1,065 equations, 142 illustrations, and numerous examples, the book furnishes an up-to-date, comprehensive, and coherent treatment of the fundamentals of this cutting-edge technology, based on the academic and industry experience of the authors.
		An excellent technical reference and research tool for both practicing engineers and graduate students in electrical, computer, and other engineering disciplines, this book offers assistance in applying DSP knowledge and statistical classification in real world applications.
	www.scitechpub.com /miao.htm (432 words)

	Statistical Classification Manuals available on the www
		Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in the European Economic Community, 1996 version (CPA 1996) see also Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in the European Economic Community, 2002 version (CPA 2002) implementation date 01.01.2003
		Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 1 (NACE Rev.1) see also Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev.1.1 (NACE Rev. 1.1) operational 01.01.2003
		National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC) used for all official statistics and surveys from 2001.
	www.lib.gla.ac.uk /Depts/MOPS/Stats/classifications.shtml (340 words)

	Statistics on the Web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Classification Society of North America (CSNA) is a nonprofit interdisciplinary organization whose purposes are to promote the scientific study of classification and clustering (including systematic methods of creating classifications from data), and to disseminate scientific and educational information related to its fields of interests.
		Contains info on how statistics are used in daily life, providing lots of examples suitable for use in teaching of statistics.
		This is a fantastic resource which gives guidelines for various types of statistical analysis, as well as a basic glossary.
	my.execpc.com /~helberg/statistics.html (4923 words)

	International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The ICD-10 classification is used for the recording of diseases and health related problems ie the diagnosis or reason for a patient episode of health care.
		ICD-10 is used within the acute sector of the NHS and the classification codes are mandatory for use across England.
		There are rules and conventions for the user to apply to ensure consistent and comparable data can be obtained through statistical analysis locally, nationally and internationally.
	www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk /clinicalcoding/classifications/icd_10 (236 words)

	Product Classification Systems
		The Classification of Products by Activity is used by the European Union in national and regional accounts for input-output analysis.
		This classification schema is used primarily by the United Nations to classify manufactured goods/processes.
		Nomenclature générale des activités économiques dans les Communautés européennes, or NACE codes represent the statistical classification of economic activities within the European Union which serves as a basis for compiling statistics on the production, factors of production (labor, raw materials, energy, etc.), fixed capital formation operations and financial operations of firms and other entities.
	faculty.philau.edu /russowl/product.html (688 words)

	Andre HECK - Contributions on statistical and related methdologies
		Statistical determination of the precision obtained by a photometric reduction algorithm (with J. Manfroid), in Statistical Methods in Astronomy, ESA SP-201 (1983) 123-124
		Fifteen years of statistical parallaxes by the principle of maximum likelihood, in Calibration of Fundamental Stellar Quantities, Eds.
		An annotated bibliographical catalogue of multivariate statistical methods and of their astronomical applications (magnetic tape) (with F. Murtagh), ESO Sc.
	cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr /~heck/p-stat.htm (1143 words)

	Machine Learning, Neural and Statistical Classification - Michie, Spiegelhalter, Taylor (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		If your firewall is blocking outgoing connections to port 3125, you can use these links to download local copies.
		Abstract: The aim of this book is to provide an up-to-date review of different approaches to classification, compare their performance on a wide range of challenging data-sets, and draw conclusions on their applicability to realistic industrial problems.
		2 Some spatial statistics for the interpretation of satellite..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /michie94machine.html (492 words)

	[No title]
		(D155) And, within Section D, Division 15, Group 155, the Class 1552 is used for statistics involving the manufacturing of wine.
		The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), for instance, is compatible with the ISIC at the 2-digit level.¡}8Aó#¨Why does this matter to us?ª ó+$¨!IGO work on Classifcation Schemes¡""ª ¨'Makes it possible to compile data containing data from different sources.
		Enables National Statistical Agencies from developing countries to get on with the task of collecting data using pre-existing classification schemes¡(Z(ó,&¨Where do I find these things?¡¨BThe Methods and Classifications page of the United Nations Statistical Division at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods.htm Consult this publication for a description of the 100+ classification schemes in existence: European Communities.
	www.slabf.org /international_orgs.ppt (1230 words)

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