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Topic: Statistical independence

Related Topics

Pairwise independence

Uncorrelated

Random variable

Correlation

Covariance

Expected value

Statistical dispersion

Copula (statistics)

Probability theory

Random number

Normal distribution

Independence

Convolution

Regression toward the mean

Statistical assumptions

In the News (Sun 22 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	FedStats: Federal statistical policy
		Many statistical organizations will also be formally covered by the quality guidelines of their parent Department or agency, and those draft guidelines are also available for review.
		IRS/ Statistics of Income Division- The quality guidelines for IRS Statistics of Income Division are included in the final agency-wide guidelines.
		Her mailing address is Division of Science Resources Statistics, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Room 965, Arlington, VA SSA/ Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics- The proposed quality guidelines are available at www.socialsecurity.gov/515.
	www.fedstats.gov /policy/stat-agency-fr-june4.html (1115 words)

	Comments on statistical reports
		Whenever you are presenting descriptive statistics, making comparisons, or giving the results of a test, state clearly and explicitly exactly which sets of data are being described, compared, or tested.
		Use robust statistics such as H-spreads and the MAD to describe the spreads of data.
		One of the most valuable effects of writing a statistical report is that it forces you to consider the elements of risk, which are losses and their probabilities.
	www.quantdec.com /envstats/notes/project.htm (0 words)

	Independence and Uncorrelatedness
		It is a very general-purpose statistical technique in which observed random data are expressed as a linear transform of components that are statistically independent from each other.
		Examples of such independent random variables are the value of a dice thrown and of a coin tossed, or of more relevance to the project, speech signal and background noise originating from a ventilation system at a certain time instant.
		Statistical independence is a key concept that constitutes the foundation of ICA.
	www.users.bigpond.com /pclim/papers/thesis/node6.html (0 words)

	Survey Methods (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For statistical analysis, yes/no questions were treated as a poll and the 95% confidence interval associated with percentiles calculated based on the final number of respondents (n=61).
		Statistical tests of independence were performed on 2x2 combinations of demographic data with psychedelic effects.
		That is to say, there was no statistical evidence that any reported psychedelic effects were dependent upon such demographic factors as age, sex, or length of time using psychedelic drugs (not shown).
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dondeg/methods.htm (0 words)

	Statistical independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Similarly, two random variables are independent if the conditional probability distribution of either given the observed value of the other is the same as if the other's value had not been observed.
		The formal definition of conditional independence is based on the idea of conditional distributions.
		Independence can be seen as a special kind of conditional independence, since probability can be seen as a kind of conditional probability given no events.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Statistical_independence (0 words)

	Statistics Solutions: Nominal Association
		Meaning of association: T defines a perfect relationship as one which is weak monotonic, and defines a null relationship as statistical independence, as discussed in the section on association.
		Meaning of association: V defines a perfect relationship as one which is predictive or ordered monotonic, and defines a null relationship as statistical independence, as discussed in the section on association.
		A lambda of 0 indicates that knowing the distribution of the independent variable is of no help in estimating the value of the dependent variable, compared to estimating the dependent variable solely on the basis of its own frequency distribution.
	www.statisticssolutions.com /Nominal-Association.htm (0 words)

	rng7
		Long runs of zeroes were not evaluated separately due to a concern about statistical independence among the tests.
		Runs of zeroes were not evaluated separately due to a concern about statistical independence among the tests.
		The purpose of this test is to detect deviations from the expected number of occurrences of various states in the random walk.
	csrc.nist.gov /rng/rng9.html (1133 words)

	RMT 7:2 Estimation Methods, Statistical Independence and Global Fit
		The Infit and Outfit statistics for this element are global mean-square fit statistics (chi-squares divided by degrees of freedom) with z-score-equivalent significance levels.
		Statistical consistency is the property that, when applied to an infinite amount of data, the estimation algorithm will give a "right" answer.
		But, for independently- produced ratings by skilled and perceptive expert judges, the requirement for successful operation of a Rasch measurement model is not unconditional independence, but conditional or local independence.
	www.rasch.org /rmt/rmt72n.htm (0 words)

	Causal and Other Criteria for Coefficients of Association
		As with "statistical independence," we may have to conceptualize it at the same time as we invent our measures of association.
		If either of the two links has a zero measure (that is, the two variables are statistically independent), then the overall relationship should also be one of statistical independence and thus should have a zero measure.
		The "independent causation criterion": Assume X and Y are statistically independent.
	www.d.umn.edu /~schilton/Articles/Causal.html (0 words)

	Bot 440/540: Sampling designs
		In statistical terms, because forest next to turnouts is not representative of the sampling universe as a whole (the entire forest tract), your estimate will be biased.
		Independence means that the location of one sample does not affect the location of another.
		Without randomness and independence, standard statistical inference and statements about confidence intervals and confidence level are invalid.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/bot440/wilsomar/Content/SamplingDesigns.htm (0 words)

	:: Statistical office of the Republic of Slovenia - Quality policy in SORS ::
		Its purpose is to improve trust and confidence in the statistical authorities by proposing certain arrangements and to reinforce the quality of statistics by promoting international statistical principles, methods and practices.
		The Statistical Office approves the adoption of the Code of Practice, which is consistent with the United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics in the Region of the Economic Commission for Europe and with national and EU statistical legislation.
		European Statistics Code of Practice, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and to the Council on the independence, integrity and accountability of the national and Community statistical authorities, Recommendation of the Commission on the independence, integrity and accountability of the national and Community statistical authorities (233 KB)
	www.stat.si /eng/drz_stat_kakovost_kodeks.asp (0 words)

	SPC Guide
		That's because the temperature changes are statistically independent, although the magnitude of the overall change is determined by how often the process is checked.
		From a purely statistical perspective, the answer is: as long as necessary to obtain approximate statistical independence between consecutive samples.
		The fact that the observations are statistically independent means that the process can change quite dramatically during the elapsed time, although a large change may be unlikely.
	www.qualitydigest.com /nov98/html/spctool.html (0 words)

	SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY AFFECTING BY PERCEPTION AND DUALISM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The testing for the statistical significance of `treatments' in analysis of variance table is a purely inductive exercise arising from the realm of statistical independence of treatments for estimating their optimal effects.
		Thus, the inductive method of statistical analysis is based on the pre-condition of independence between treatments on statistical variables.
		On the other hand, deductionism is not the method of statistical inference unless we introduce the idea of probabilistic universe and the limitations of measurements as provided by Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, Keynes' Theory of Probability and Mach's notion of the impossibility to predict events with determinism.
	islamic-finance.net /islamic-economy/chap13/chap13-7.html (0 words)

	wilson
		Statistical independence among a set of random variables means that the joint probability density, which is typically difficult to calculate, can be expressed as the product of the marginal probability densities of the individual components, which are much easier to calculate.
		Two applications of joint probability density are the Wilson statistics for structure factor amplitudes and intensities and the use of the free R value as a cross-validation technique.
		The two assumptions about the distributions of atoms are the same ones made by Wilson in his derivation of the statistics of joint structure factor amplitudes and intensities.
	www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu /~grothe/wilson/wilson.html (0 words)

	Independence of Bits across IrisCodes. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is important to establish and to measure the amount of independent variation both within an iris and between different irises.
		The recognition of persons by their IrisCodes is based upon the failure of a test of statistical independence.
		The plot shown here illustrates why any given IrisCode is "statistically guaranteed" to pass a test of independence against any IrisCode computed from a different eye.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /users/jgd1000/independence.html (0 words)

	FORM/SORM & g-functions
		Engineers who would never consider using an untested physical hypothesis (that’s why we do so much hardware testing) are sometimes guilty of using statistical methods without testing their implicit assumptions (like independence or Normality, or even randomness).
		Assuming statistical independence to make the number crunching easier isn’t the only example of statistical misuse that has found its way into the contemporary probabilistic engineering literature.
		Among the more common statistical oversights are assuming normal behavior without verification, and using the correlation coefficient in lieu of physics.
	www.statisticalengineering.com /limit_state.htm (186 words)

	Statistical independence
		To distinguish this form of independence from other concepts of independence, for example, linear independence, this property is sometimes called statistical independence.
		Independence is in general a much stronger requirement than uncorrelatedness.
		There is, however, an important special case where independence and uncorrelatedness are equivalent.
	www.cis.hut.fi /~aapo/papers/NCS99web/node12.html (114 words)

	Statistical Innovations: Statistical Modeling Week 2007
		Statistical Modeling Week is an annual conference sponsored by Statistical Innovations Inc., featuring applications-oriented seminars focusing on the latest trends in statistical analysis.
		Led by a group of experts in the field, the seminars teach professionals how to apply and understand today's major breakthroughs in statistical methodology.
		Statistical Modeling Week 2003 took place in New York City.
	www.statisticalinnovations.com /workshops/workshops.html (899 words)

	Statistical Independence of Escalatory Ecological Trends in Phanerozoic Marine Invertebrates -- Madin et al. 312 ...
		Statistical Independence of Escalatory Ecological Trends in Phanerozoic Marine Invertebrates -- Madin et al.
		Statistical Independence of Escalatory Ecological Trends in Phanerozoic Marine Invertebrates
		Comment on "statistical independence of escalatory ecological trends in phanerozoic marine invertebrates"..
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/312/5775/897 (0 words)

	Statistical Process Control (SPC) Software
		The observations are assumed to be normally distributed and statistically independent.
		The need for the samples to be statistically independent can be a much more serious problem, since there is no similar mechanism assuring reasonable results.
		The assumption of independence is usually met in manufacturing industries where discrete components are being produced and piece to piece variation is monitored.
	www.qualitran.com /SPC_Software/body_spc_software.html (0 words)

	Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science
		From a statistical perspective, some of the most interesting discussion comes near the middle of the interview where he discusses the chess federation's ongoing project to monitor average ratings, and the challenge of comparing ratings of people in different years.
		Missing-data imputation is to statistics as statistics is to research: a topic that seems specialized, technical, and boring--until you find yourself working on a practical problem, at which point it briefly becomes the only thing that matters, the make-it-or-break-it step needed to ensure some level of plausibility in your results.
		Using a statistical imputation model to identify and allocate excess undervotes, we find that there is a roughly 90 percent chance that the much-discussed Sarasota undervotes were pivotal in the very close 13th Congressional District race.
	www.stat.columbia.edu /~cook/movabletype/mlm (0 words)

	Conditional and Unconditional Statistical Independence
		Conditional independence almost everywhere in the space of the conditioning variates does not imply unconditional independence, although it may well imply unconditional independence of certain functions of the variables.
		This involves orthogonal projections on random linear manifolds, which are conditionally independent but not unconditionally independent under normality.
		Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained under which conditional independence does imply unconditional independence.
	ideas.repec.org /p/cwl/cwldpp/824r.html (0 words)

	Amazon.com: Statistical Independence in Probability Analysis and Number Theory (Carus Mathematical Monographs, No 12): ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Statistical Analysis and Study Design — Statistical consultant for doctoral students data analysis, power and sample size determination; prompt friendly service; call or e-mail for free initial consult.
		Statistical Analysis — Origin 7.5 offers statistical analysis tools with advanced options.
		Statistical distributions of blocks of digits are used implicitly and explicitly in symbollic dynamics in deterministic chaos.
	www.amazon.com /Statistical-Independence-Probability-Mathematical-Monographs/dp/0883850125 (0 words)

	Control Charts / Statistical Process Control (SPC)
		Sometimes the simplest way to test statistical independence is with a simple diagram.
		Statistical data may just show that you don't understand your process at all.
		By using a methodology that combines the strengths of both approaches, it is possible to overcome the individual weaknesses of each one.
	www.isixsigma.com /st/control_charts (0 words)

	B551: Uncertainty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For "symptoms" which are unconditionally independent and conditionally independent given the "disease",
		We'll ignore the denominator because it's the same for all four cases, and we'll scale them so that they add up to 1.0 after we calculate them.
		Because of the statistical independence of the observation nodes,of eq and c, the independence of nr from c, and independence of ea from eq, the numerator is
	www.cs.indiana.edu /classes/b551/Notes/uncertainty.html (0 words)

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