
	Where results make sense

Topic: Noise statistics

Related Topics

The Moon of Gomrath

In the News (Sun 29 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	State of Environment in Norway: Noise
		Noise annoyance for road traffic increased by 5 per cent from 1999 to 2003, while there was a drop in noise levels from industry, aircraft and railways of respectively 6, 22 and 20 per cent.
		Noise is one of the major remaining environmental problems in Norway, and one of those that affects the largest number of people.
		Respondents described their annoyance due to noise on a scale from zero to one (annoyance score), where zero is not annoyed and one is the most severe annoyance, or by using a carefully selected modifier on the annoyance scale (a word that describes the level of annoyance).
	www.environment.no /templates/themepage.aspx?id=3032 (1651 words)

	System and method for reducing noise in images - Patent 6933983
		The noise n is determined by examining image content and differentiating between structures, such as lines and edges, pixels that are correlated with their immediate neighbours, and those that are not.
		Noise reduction is applied by adaptive filtering using rules derived from a psycho-visual understanding of what is perceived as visually objectionable noise in an image scene.
		Noise detected using different noise patterns is combined using a weighted sum of the magnitude differences for providing an aggregate histogram that reflects all different types of noise that is deemed important to measure.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6933983.html (5947 words)

	Noise
		Noise is defined as unwanted sound and it can originate from a number of sources, such as: amplified music, barking dogs, machinery, construction and DIY activity, shouting, banging doors, alarms and transport.
		The majority of noise problems can be resolved by talking to the person responsible, as they may not be aware that their activities are causing disturbance.
		Noise levels should be minimised as far as possible, and plant should be fitted with silencing devices where ever practicable.
	www.arun.gov.uk /cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=80 (927 words)

	Comprehensive Suite of Noise and Air Pollution Evaluation Software
		The noise levels inside the factory building can be imported from the library or simulated in the indoor factory noise model.
		Grid Noise Maps are the basis for noise contours and filled areas of equal noise level.
		For the export of noise contour lines there are data reduction mechanisms to reduce the file size by exporting the contour lines not as Bezier lines but as straight line sections.
	www.soundplan.com /comprehe.htm (2936 words)

	Chronological Index for July 1999
		The project is part of the noise mitigation required by a 1989 lawsuit settlement; the airport purchased 700 homes in the loudest areas in the first phase, and soundproofing is the second phase.
		A noise will be considered too loud if "in its operation [it] would render the enjoyment of property within the town less agreeable." During the summer, noise is limited to between 8:30 and 5:30 during the week, and to between 8:30 and 1 PM on Saturdays.
		Noise registers in the high 90s at the field, and in the 50s outside of it; the new ordinance's limit is 93 inside the park and 50 outside.
	www.nonoise.org /news/1999Jul.htm (10701 words)

	Clarkvision.com: Canon 1D Mark II Sensor Noise, Dynamic Range, and Full Well Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The noise in one image is square root 2 less, so divide the standard deviation by root 2 (1.4142) and record that value for both images.
		The 623 second exposure at ISO 1600 shows some noise but is generally a very good image considering the illumination was only 0.00016 lux (similar to an overcast night away from cities with no moon; it took several minutes of dark adaption to to begin to see the target in the room).
		Noise from a stream of photons, the light we all see and image with our cameras, is the square root of the number of photons, so that is why the P in equation 2 is not squared (sqrt(P) The model used the read noise of 3.9 electrons from Table 1.
	www.clarkvision.com /imagedetail/evaluation-1d2/index.html (2803 words)

	Michael B. Weissman, The Department of Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
		We are using this noise to study the dynamics of magnetic vortices in superconductors, domain dynamics in magnets, and basic problems in the formation of glasses and spin glasses.
		We are now using the statistics of conductance noise to study the fundamental mechanism of the "colossal magnetoresistance" effect.
		Although many of the statistical properties can be modeled by picturing a domain wall dragged across a particluar type of rough pinning potenetial, we have argued that the required potential cannot actually exist in most materials.
	www.physics.uiuc.edu /People/Weissman/index.htm (625 words)

	Noise Model
		The Noise Model tab is used to initialize the noise model utilized used by deconvolution.
		Areas that are mostly noise are not deconvolved as strongly so as to prevent noise amplification; the algorithm will preferentially work on areas of the image that contain information.
		The Poisson Noise distribution is required when using the Lucy-Richardson method, and is recommended when using the Maximum Entropy method on images from high-performance cooled CCD cameras; in the latter case, you must check Use Poisson distribution in Maximum Entropy.
	www.cyanogen.com /help/maximdl/Context2/HID_MAXE_NOISE.htm (487 words)

	Pink noise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At high enough frequencies 1/f noise is never dominant.
		Pink noise (top) and white noise (bottom) on an FFT spectrogram with linear frequency vertical axis (on a typical audio or similar spectrum analyzer the pink noise would be flat, not downward-sloping, and the white noise rising)
		The human auditory system, which processes frequencies in a roughly logarithmic fashion approximated by the Bark scale, does not perceive them with equal sensitivity; signals in the 2-4-kHz octave sound loudest, and the loudness of other frequencies drops increasingly, depending both on the distance from the peak-sensitivity area and on the level.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pink_noise (804 words)

	Summary and Conclusions
		The implicit assumptions are that the statistics of both the speech and noise encountered will be the same as those of the training set, and that the statistics are constant (stationary) throughout.
		Assumptions are that the SNR estimate is accurate, that the signal is stationary, and that the speech and noise statistics are representative of the training set.
		The assumption is that the number of states used is sufficient to model all the different regions of speech and noise statistics.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /nsel/wan_manuscript/node19.html (880 words)

	Clarkvision.com: Nikon D50 Noise and Full Well Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The lowest possible noise from a system detecting light is the noise due to Poisson statistics from the random rate of arrival of photons.
		In the case of high signal levels, a system that is photon statistics limited enables us to directly measure how many photons the sensor captures, and by increasing the exposure, we can determine how many photons are required to saturate the sensor.
		Dark current and its noise is also a function of the temperature of the sensor and associated electronics.
	clarkvision.com /imagedetail/evaluation-nikon-d50/index.html (981 words)

	Jade Noise 2.7 - Noise Monitoring Software
		Jade Noise 2 enables you to use almost any meter with an AC output as a data-logging, integrating meter generating a wide range of statistics.
		Jade Noise lets you see the data as it is captured both in a chart and in a large "sound level meter" type display.
		Jade Noise Community is a FREE version of Jade Noise and is intended for simple noise monitoring applications capturing data over a short period of time (2 hours or less).
	www.ptolserv.com /jade/index.html (614 words)

	Noise Statistics - Airport - Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport, Jefferson County, CO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		With the intent to minimize the impact of aircraft noise on the surrounding communities, Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport™ developed this report focusing on information collected from the noise complaint hotline, 303-271-4874.
		In 2005 the airport revised the noise sensitive area map.
		Providing the statistical information to the pilots will help inform them of sensitive areas, and may even help develop ideas where they can help reduce noise in these areas.
	www.co.jefferson.co.us /airport/airport_T38_R29.htm (254 words)

	A Brief History of Shot Noise
		The most basic shot-noise statistics, namely the mean and variance, were reported by Campbell in 1909 [1]-[2].
		Shot noise was also investigated by Schottky in his 1918 paper on spontaneous current fluctuations in electric conductors [14].
		His model included a noise process that consisted of samples of a Gaussian process where the sample times were Poisson distributed.
	eceserv0.ece.wisc.edu /~gubner/fpphist.shtml (774 words)

	TRANTECH Model Statistics
		This is in contrast to the earlier statistics only showing a positive skill in the 12-hour forecast, and that skill is within the noise at 0.5%.
		"Noise" is about 4 nautical miles (note that this was incorrectly represented in the original post of the statistics, as "noise" was defined as 8 nm...
		As such, as the reader sees these statistics, they should keep in mind that these are subject to change and are a worst case scenario for the average statistics.
	www.millenniumweather.com /tropical/stats.html (2754 words)

	Intermodulation Distortion and Adjacent Channel Power Application - MT993D Option
		Knowledge of a device's noise parameters is valuable to receiver/amplifier designers, saving hours of design time and reducing, or eliminating, "cut-and-try" iterations.
		Noise parameters as well as maximum gain, associated gain and stability factor (k) are tabulated and available for printout below the plots.
		Figure 2-4 show a typical Noise Statistics display in which the agreement between the noise parameter solution and individual points can be seen.
	www.maurymw.com /products/rfdcs/mt993b.htm (738 words)

	STAR Lab : Douglas Chrissan's Oral Defense Abstract
		Due to large variations in the occurrence of sferics on a seasonal and diurnal basis (and with the passing of individual storms), atmospheric noise is non-stationary.
		Based on the statistical characteristics of the noise data, a new clustering Poisson atmospheric noise model is developed.
		Low-frequency noise is shown to have an alpha-stable noise envelope distribution for locations removed from heavy sferic activity.
	nova.stanford.edu /orals/97.09.17_DougChrissan.html (355 words)

	Noise equation: how do we predict expected errors?
		In addition to the errors from Poisson statistics (statistical noise), there may be additional terms from instrumental errors.
		A common example of this that is applicable for CCD detectors is readout noise, which is additive noise (with zero mean) that comes from the detector and is independent of signal level.
		This makes it clear that if you have readout noise, image quality (and/or proper optics to keep an object from covering too many pixels) is important for maximizing S/N. It is also clear that it is critical to have minimum read-noise for low background applications (e.g., spectroscopy).
	ganymede.nmsu.edu /holtz/a535/ay535notes/node6.html (565 words)

	BSIM Model for MOSFET Flicker Noise Statistics: Technology Scaling, Area, and Bias Dependence
		Given that many analog/mixed-signal and RF circuits are sensitive to flicker noise, it is essential to utilize a quantitative approach to design optimization that accounts for noise variation.
		Second, the increase in the noise variation as transistor area is reduced and as gate overdrive is decreased is addressed in detail and implemented in the new model.
		The present work sheds light on the physical mechanisms leading to flicker noise variation; the noise variation is largely attributed to stochastic fluctuations in effective trap density of the devices.
	www.nsti.org /Nanotech2006/showabstract.html?absno=743 (307 words)

	Hybrid Kalman / Minimax Filtering
		This is a good example for the hybrid filter, because the noise statistics of the GPS signal is often known only approximately.
		The measurement noise depends on the fidelity of the phase discriminator.
		It was further assumed that the measurement noise had a Laplacian (exponential) density, which has heavier "tails" than a Gaussian (normal) density.
	www.innovatia.com /software/papers/hybrid.htm (1257 words)

	FP-Splits White Paper
		Although the effect of fixed-pattern noise is mitigated by a combination of mirror and grating motions, the signal-to-noise in FUSE spectra is generally less than expected from pure photon statistics.
		We note that for some sub-exposures, the measured S/N exceed the photon noise suggesting that the data are perhaps a bit smoothed by the data reduction procedures.
		This technique assumes that the detector fixed-pattern noise will be averaged out the spectra taken at different position along the dispersion axis are coadded.
	fuse.pha.jhu.edu /support/guide/fp_split_report.html (2318 words)

	SetNoise
		Call this method to specify image noise statistics after initializing deconvolution but prior to performing the first iteration.
		Uniform specifies the uniform noise level in the image, which is well modelled by the standard deviation of the pixel values in a part of the image that contains no detail.
		This method is equivalent to the Noise Model tab of the Deconvolve command.
	www.cyanogen.com /help/maximdl/SetNoise.htm (243 words)

	madcap overview
		Estimating piecewise stationary noise statistics from the time-ordered data.
		Estimating a map from the time-ordered data and its noise statistics.
		MADnes estimates the inverse time-time noise correlations from the time-ordered data, pointing, and initial guess at a map; MADmap then generates an improved map from the time-ordered data, pointing, and these noise correlations, and feeds this back to the next iteration of MADnes.
	crd.lbl.gov /~borrill/cmb/madcap (386 words)

	Port of Seattle: Noise Remedy
		The Sea-Tac Airport Noise Remedy Program has undertaken a new initiative to insulate schools, condominiums and a group of homes north of the airport.
		The original Noise Remedy Program, authorized by the Port Commission in 1985, ended in 2003 with more than 9,000 homes insulated; see map.
		The Port was a national pioneer in the design and implementation of the 1985 program for homes most affected by aircraft noise.
	www.portseattle.org /business/airport/noiseremedy.shtml (280 words)

	65 CNEL
		Data from the Orange County’s Noise Abatement Office at John Wayne Airport proves that the averaging of loud airplane noise with the quiet moments in between planes - to generate a statistic called the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) - is a misleading indicator of annoyance.
		County instruments show that the average aircraft noise in this area calculates to be approximately half of 65 decibels CNEL.
		It may be a fair measure of a steady freeway hum or constant noise from a piece of machinery but it does not adequately consider the impact of loud bursts of noise as planes fly over.
	www.eltoroairport.org /issues/65cnel.html (537 words)

	Minimax Filtering
		While the Kalman filter requires a knowledge of the noise statistics of the filtered process, the minimax filter requires no such knowledge.
		The Kalman filter assumes that the noise statistics are known.
		Suppose that although the noise statistics are not perfectly known, we have a rough idea about these statistics.
	www.innovatia.com /software/papers/minimax.htm (739 words)

	Noise-Regularized Adaptive Filtering
		The advantage of this formulation is that the first term only depends on the observed noisy speech, whereas the expectation in the second term can be evaluated using only knowledge of the noise statistics.
		As in the Dual EKF approach, to address the nonstationarity of speech, the noisy data is windowed into short overlapping frames and a new filter is designed for each frame.
		Figure 14.11 summarizes the performance on a sample speech sentence for a number of different noise sources.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /nsel/wan_manuscript/node18.html (768 words)

	MaxEnt Deconvolution
		Both the Sciex and the Micromass Maximum Entropy algorithms for deconvolution of electrospray mass spectrometry data answer the question: What is the most probable parent mass spectrum, given the data in front of me? Both use the same knowledge of the spectrometer: it creates multiple images and it smears the data.
		The data from a mass spectrometer produce an apparent mass spectrum y(m/z), where y is the number of counts at apparent mass m/z.
		The data y(m/z) are related to the parent mass spectrum o, and the noise n, by an equation that describes both the characteristics of the spectrometer and the statistics of the noise.
	www.spectrumsquare.com /maxent.htm (463 words)

	, Noise exposure statistics
		Distribution of dwellings over noise classes in the Netherlands in 2000 for road, rail and air traffic noise
		Percentage of dwellings (total 6.5 million) per noise class for Lden and Lnight in 2000.
		Because of the method used (25 meter grid) the higher levels tend to be underestimated.
	www.xs4all.nl /~rigolett/ENGELS/statistics/noise-data-netherlands.htm (244 words)

	Noise Statistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Noise complaint statistics for Northern Ireland for 2005/2006 (pdf - 3.18 MB)
		District Councils wishing to return noise complaint statistics for the period 1st April 2005 to 31st March 2006 may use the following proforma and guidance:
		Completed forms should be returned to eamon.murray@doeni.gov.uk or Fax: 028 9054 4599 no later than Monday 24th April 2006.
	www.ehsni.gov.uk /environment/noise/noisestats.shtml (105 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)