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Topic: Stative verbs

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Transitive verb

Mediopassive voice

Syntactic pivot

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	Stative verb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Statives differ from other aspectual classes of verbs in that they are static; they have no duration and no distinguished endpoint.
		Verbs which are not stative are often called dynamic verbs.
		In languages where the copula is a verb, it is a stative verb, as is the case in English be.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stative_verb (336 words)

	[No title]
		These are verbs that grammarians call "non-progressive verbs", additional names being "stative verbs", or "non-conclusional verbs", the former indicating the characteristic of state that these verbs have and the latter emphasizing the incompleteness of the action described.
		But even though the non-progressive verbs are not normally used in the progressive, there are several special cases for many stative verbs in which the progressive is normal use, and it is debatable whether the choice of either progressive or simple always affects the meaning (Jørgensen 1991, 173; Quirk et al.
		Verbs like 'love', 'hate', 'like', 'dislike', 'suppose', 'understand', 'think', 'wonder', 'know', 'want', 'wish', 'hope', 'remember' and 'forget' do not usually occur in the progressive, but there are cases when the progressive is needed.
	www.uta.fi /~kirsi.kapynen/paper.txt (2321 words)

	410 Grammar: Stative and Dynamic Verbs
		Verbs in English can be classified into two categories: stative verbs and dynamic verbs.
		Dynamic verbs (sometimes referred to as "action verbs") usually describe actions we can take, or things that happen; stative verbs usually refer to a state or condition which is not changing or likely to change.
		Stative verbs usually refer to a state or condition which is quite static or unchanging.
	web2.uvcs.uvic.ca /elc/studyzone/410/grammar/stat.htm (295 words)

	Qal Stative
		A stative verb indicates a state of being, condition, or quality other than action (and therefore most stative verbs are intransitive).
		Stative verbs are translated as a participle with the verb “to be.”
		For stative verbs, remember that the qal perfect 3ms and the masculine singular adjective forms are identical (as are the qal perfect 3fs and the feminine singular adjective forms).
	hebrew4christians.com /Grammar/Unit_Nine/Qal_Stative/qal_stative.html (492 words)

	Verbs of result in the complements of raising constructions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		While the raised NP is considered a syntactic Object (or Subject in the case of seem) it is not a logical (thematic) argument2 of the matrix verb (although it may, of course, be a thematic argument of the lower verb).
		The point of using a raising-to-object verb is to mark a link between the matrix Subject as sentient commentator (a kind of speech-act role) and the complement as a proposition about the world (...] rather than the complement as a unsourced description of reality (in which case its controller would be thematic4).
		Note that verbs become more or less adjectival7 as participles in the syntactic passive and may assume a stative interpretation, particularly where the mention of any AGENT is omitted.
	thormay.net - !http: //thormay.net/lxesl/tech8.html (4906 words)

	Verbs and Verbals
		Verbs that are intransitive do not require objects: "The building collapsed." In English, you cannot tell the difference between a transitive and intransitive verb by its form; you have to see how the verb is functioning within the sentence.
		Verbs can be combined with different prepositions and other words, sometimes with dizzying effect: stand out, stand up, stand in, stand off, stand by, stand fast, stand pat, stand down, stand against, stand for.
		These verb tenses don't have to be identical as long as they reflect, logically, shifts in time and meaning: "My brother had graduated before I started college." "My brother will have graduated before I start." Click HERE for a chart describing various time relationships and how those relationships determine the appropriate sequence of verb tenses.
	grammar.ccc.commnet.edu /grammar/verbs.htm (3203 words)

	Introduction
		In one article, Bloom, Lifter and Afitz (1980, cited in Robison, 1990) proved that, in the speech of young children, verb morphology is distributed according to the lexical aspect of the verb.
		Stative verbs were used even more than expected with the –ing marker, including in nontargetlike ways.
		Although there is evidence of a connection between lexical aspect and verb morphology, I agree with the author that the study does not offer sufficient evidence to definitively support the idea that learners first use verb morphology to mark aspect.
	www.tc.columbia.edu /Academic/TESOL/Han/Nicole.html (3505 words)

	English Grammar: Main Verbs (EnglishClub.com)
		They are called "stative", and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning).
		The only real difference between regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms.
		For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.
	www.englishclub.com /grammar/verbs-what_classification-main.htm (272 words)

	Sketch of Lakhota, Pt.II
		In fact although the meaning shift for this construction seems to be from stative to active intransitive, the formal affixation pattern for both the derived and underived constructions remains that of stative verbs.
		Stative verb affixes are regularly used to identify the possessor of an inalienably possessed noun (8.4.1.
		The semantic concepts expressed are: reflexive possession (the object of the verb belongs to the subject of the verb), dative (an indirect object, a person other than the subject and object of the verb is affected by the verbal action), and benefactive (one person performs the verbal action for another's benefit or in his place).
	lakxotaiyapi.freecyberzone.com /sk2uni.htm (7840 words)

	Intransitive verb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An intransitive verb is a verb that has only one argument, that is, a verb with valency equal to one.
		English is rather flexible with regards to verb valency, and so it has a high number of ambitransitive verbs; other languages are more rigid and require explicit valency changing operations (voice, causative morphology, etc.) to transform a verb from intransitive to transitive or vice versa.
		In (2), the verb is intransitive and the subject is the patient of the action, i.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intransitive_verb (701 words)

	Learn English Grammar - Verbs
		These verbs are expressed in tenses which place everything in a point in time.
		Verbs are conjugated (inflected) to reflect how they are used.
		Conjugation for person occurs when the verb changes form, depending on whether it is governed by a first, second, or third person subject.
	www.learnenglish.de /grammar/verbtext.htm (268 words)

	Present Tenses
		Some verbs may have both stative and active forms, but with different meanings.
		The verbs below are "states of being" and cannot be progressive.
		The verbs below are "active verbs" and are often confused with the verbs on the left.
	smccd.net /accounts/sevas/esl/gramcheck/stativeverbs.html (761 words)

	Stative Verbs - by Viv Quarry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		There are a group of verbs in English, which usually refer to a STATE (a situation which isn't in a process of change).
		These verbs are either unusual in the continuous form, or when used in the continuous the meaning of the verb is different.
		When 'have' is used to mean 'to possess sth.' it is a stative verb.
	www.geocities.com /viv_quarry/wkshts/stative.html (446 words)

	[No title]
		Stative verbs such as know and see are not associated with [+perf] since, like habituals, they are associated with a generic operator.
		As in Thráinsson and Vikner (1995), I argue that epistemics are raising verbs.
		"The Morphological and semantic classification of `evidentials' and modal verbs in German: the perfect(ive) catalyst".
	www.public.asu.edu /~gelderen/see.htm (5822 words)

	Verbs
		Verbs are far and away the most complex part of Mingo grammar.
		The verb base is the part that carries the core meaning of the verb.
		When talking about verbs in Mingo, it is very useful to divide verb bases into different groups based on their meanings.
	fife.speech.cs.cmu.edu /egads/seneca/grammar/verbs (617 words)

	Integrating the spatial semantics of verbs and prepositions
		Stative verb, PATH preposition: To protect her nest, the bird squawked t o the hunter just now.
		Stative verb, PLACE preposition: To protect her nest, the bird squawked at the hunter just now.
		Stative verb, PATH preposition: Because he woke up early, the child slept to the school last Tuesday.
	www.userwebs.pomona.edu /~rt004747/abstracts/cuny04.html (569 words)

	be verb to be verbs english grammar
		The verb 'to be' is, in most cases, what we call a stative verb.
		These are verbs which refer to states rather than actions, and are hardly ever used in continuous (progressive) verb forms, i.e.
		However, some verbs that are usually stative can be used in continuous verb forms when they have certain meanings.
	www.learnenglish.org.uk /grammar/archive/be01.html (427 words)

	Verbs of Result in the Complements of Raising Constructions
		It is another feature of raising-to-object verbs that the COMMENTATOR, who is bound, of course, to the temporal context of the matrix verb, has temporal independence from the action or state described in the complement.
		The major category of simple verbs which normally strike a contrast with stative verbs could loosely be called ACTION VERBS, those which typically take an AGENT as their subject.
		So-called raising-to-subject verbs are less consistent in their properties than raising-to-object verbs, but a number of them also exclude infinitival complements without temporal marking.
	members.fortunecity.com /thormay/lxesl/tech8.html (5134 words)

	Stative Verbs and How to Run in Suspended Animation
		Verbs which describe an outright action and verbs which describe a state (hence 'stative') or a relationship.
		Well, you could argue that depending on how you're using a verb, it influences the choice of tenses available, so "I am drinking Espresso" (which uses "drink" as a stative verb) would be stative and "I drink Espresso" (which uses "drink" as an active verb) would be active but that's a bit silly really.
		In Basque for example the verb for "to begin" is considered 100% stative...
	www.akerbeltz.org /beagangaidhlig/gramar/grammar_stativeverbs.htm (568 words)

	LINGUIST List 4.442: Languages without adjectives
		Of course, with a stative verb like tta~'ga `be big', there is no problem getting all concord forms without setting up elaborate contexts.
		I think that it is widely considered among Siouanists that object concord, and therefore stative verbs, are more recent historical developments than active concord (in transitives and active intransitives).
		Stative verbs are employed in expressing the meanings that would be expressed by Copula + Adj in English and similar languages.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/4/4-442.html (1310 words)

	Verb tenses
		If you use a verb in past tense, the action already took place (it is past with respect to the time of speaking).
		For this reason, a subject pronoun must accompany every verb in Hausa, regardless of whether the subject is known from previous context or is expressed by a noun subject.
		The Hausa Completive with a stative verb translates as English Present, but the Completive with an active verb usually translates as English Past tense.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/aflang/Hausa/Hausa_online_grammar/Tenses/tenses.html (625 words)

	DIFFERENT STUDENTS: Practice with Stative Meanings
		Fill in all the blanks using either the stative or non-stative form of the verbs shown in the word list.
		The adjective stative refers to "states of being" in contrast to actions.
		The difference in meaning between stative and non-stative can be seen in the difference between the verbs love (a state of being) and walk (an action).
	www2.gsu.edu /~eslhpb/aegweb/exercises/x4/x4-B/x4-8.htm (139 words)

	LESSON 7-1
		Verbs are also categorized with regard to complements that they take: a complement is, roughly, a clause/phrase that completes another syntactic unit/structure.
		For such verbs, we can have a frame NP---------S (that is, the verb occurs after a subject NP and before a sentence).
		Hence, for stative verbs, we could posit the frame: NP_____-V+ing (that is, the verb appears after a subject NP but not before a verb that has an -ing ending.)
	www.hamline.edu /personal/ferku/linguisticsfall2002/7subcat.htm (797 words)

	Dative Subjects, Negation, Modality
		These are stative verbs whose semantic subject is marked with the dative case, and the verb itself marked with a neuter person-number-gender marker.
		On a scale of transitivity, such verbs are obviously very low, and in normal usage either the dative-marked subject or the object, or both, may be missing, i.e.
		When the subject of dative-stative verbs is animate (i.e., 1st or 2nd person, or 3rd person animate), it is in the dative case.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/dravling/negation/habitual.html (631 words)

	Chapter 41
		At least to a Western mind, a verb in the stative form is rather similar in meaning to a verb in the passive form, except that it doesn't tell by who or what the action was made.
		From a grammatical point of view, another effect of the stative derivation is to make a transitive verb become intransitive.
		Some verbs with a stative meaning are not derived from any basic root.
	mwanasimba.online.fr /E_Chap41.htm (404 words)

	Unit 6: Present Time-->Grammar Focus
		The most common stative verb is be (am, is, are).
		Some stative verbs refer to state of feeling or attitude.
		Stative verbs of state of mind: remember, recall, forget, mean, understand, agree, feel, guess, know, etc.
	netgrammar.altec.org /Units/Unit_6/a101c6_201000.html (369 words)

	Learn English Grammar - Stative Verbs
		Stative verbs are verbs that show a state and not an action.
		Verbs that show senses - hear, see, smell etc.
		However, some verbs can be used to show an action or a state.
	www.learnenglish.de /grammar/verbstative.htm (100 words)

	grvrbprts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Double the final consonant when you add -ed or -ing to a verb that ends with one vowel followed by one consonant.
		When a verb ends with an e, you must drop the e before adding -ing and you should only add a d for the regular past tense or past participle.
		These verbs don't express action, so they cannot be in the present progressive.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Olympus/7583/grvrbprts.html (360 words)

	English Action And State Verbs. Grammar reference and online practice exercises for learners of English as a second ...
		In English language there are verbs that are not normally used in the Continuous Tense, because they describe rather state than an action.
		Here are some a few verbs that can be both state and action verbs depending on their meaning.
		Choose the correct form of the verb depending on whether in this meaning it is an action or a state verb.
	www.eclecticenglish.com /grammar/PresentContinuous1H.html (326 words)

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