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Topic: Statutory laws

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	Statutory rape - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "statutory rape" is sometimes used when national and/or regional governments, citing an interest in protecting minors, consider people under a certain age to be unable to give consent, and therefore consider sexual contact with them to be equivalent to rape regardless of the minor's consent.
		Laws vary widely in their definitions of statutory rape; some states make exceptions when the older person is also young or of a similar age, or if he or she marries the minor before the act of sexual intercourse or before being charged with the offense.
		The issue of statutory rape may be further complicated by minors who, for whatever reason (early development, use of clothing and makeup, et cetera) appear to be of consenting age, and/or lie about their age, in order to pursue sexual relationships with older persons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Statutory_rape (1088 words)

	Massachusetts Family Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Statutory rape laws are based on the premise that until a person reaches the age of maturity, that person is legally incapable of consenting to sexual intercourse.
		The primary intention of statutory rape laws is to protect teenage girls and, recently, boys as well, from being sexually preyed upon by adults.
		Instead, law enforcement agencies typically prosecute statutory rape cases only when there is an age gap of 5 or more years between the minor and their partner.
	www.mafamily.org /StatutoryRape.htm (790 words)

	Features: Statutory rape laws
		Statutory rape is sex between an adult and a minor, while aggravated child molestation also involves an injury.
		Because every state has a statutory rape law in some form, this case presents a challenge to a long and continuing tradition of criminal laws that confine men for what could be consensual sex with minors who are close to the age of majority.
		Though a statutory rape charge would not require proof of force or coercion, feminists observed, young girls were (and may continue to be) especially vulnerable to being raped by the adults in their lives.
	www.cyc-net.org /features/ft-rapelaws.html (1833 words)

	Statutory Rape Laws :: Sexlaws.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Statutory rape is illegal sexual activity between two people when it would otherwise be legal if not for their age.
		All states have laws that have restrictions on the relationship between the two people, changing the age of consent, or the penalty, for sexual relations between a person of authority, such as a teacher, assistant coach, or tutor.
		Statutory rape charges can be brought up by the victim, parents of the victim, and in most states, they can be raised by the state.
	www.sexlaws.org /statrape.html (346 words)

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		For example, if laws are aimed at "predatory, exploitative" behavior, it is critical to define what "predatory and exploitative" behavior is. If laws are designed to encourage responsibility by discussing marriage and paternity, criminal prosecution may be in order.
		Rather than redefining child abuse in the law, a "memorandum of understanding" an informal agreement among law enforcement, State agencies, and schools was adopted stating that statutory rape cases are considered child abuse, and the child abuse reporting mechanisms are to be used to their fullest extent to report it.
		Some States are not actually focusing on revising their statutory rape laws, but rather are channeling funds into creating special prosecution units or are including these crimes in their child sex assault units.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /ovc/publications/infores/statutoryrape/handbook/statrape.txt (4732 words)

	NWI Whistleblower Legislative Brief
		Although the law did not explicitly require employees to correct violations, the court ruled that the legis-lature, in passing the law, intended to create a public policy and that such a policy should not be hindered by the doctrine of employment-at-will.
		In order for a whistleblower protection law to deter employer misconduct, employees must be protected from retaliation for public disclosure of misconduct, for refusing to participate in misconduct, and for exercising their statutory rights.
		WESTMAN, WHISTLEBLOWING THE LAW OF RETALIATORY DISCHARGE 149-166 (1991).
	www.workrights.org /issue_whistle/wb_legislative_brief.html (8363 words)

	Center for Bioethics - University of Minnesota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Statutory law is comprised of written laws enacted by either a state legislature or the Federal Congress.
		Case law, often referred to as judge-made law, is comprised of decisions, in the form of written opinions, which determine the outcome of individual court cases by providing an interpretation of statutory laws, and often an interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.
		Statutory law as amplified and interpreted by case law establishes principles and guidelines of behavior that must be followed at the risk of legal consequences in the form of civil lawsuits, enforcement actions by the government or its agencies, or criminal prosecution.
	www.bioethics.umn.edu /resources/law.shtml (4885 words)

	State Rape Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Statutory rape means (basically) to have sex with a minor (whether it was with the minor's permission or not) and can be considered in some states as rape, sexual assault, sexual misconduct, etc.
		Statutory Rape Law: Fourth-degree rape to have sexual intercourse with (1) someone under age 16 or (2) someone under age 18 and the actor is at least 30 years older.
		Statutory rape or sexual offense of person age 13, 14, or 15 is intercourse with someone age 13, 14, or 15 when the actor is (1) at least six years older and (2) between four and six years older.
	www.youngparenting.com /rapelaws.html (2267 words)

	Tougher Statutory Rape Laws Expected to Have Limited Impact on Teen Childbearing:
		Statutory rape laws reflect society's understandable concern about large age disparities between minors and their partners.
		While these laws vary state by state, they only apply to unmarried minors (individuals younger than 18), and typically require a substantial age difference between the girl and her partner.
		In the new study, Lindberg and her colleagues establish that only 8 percent of births to adolescents 15 to 19 years old are within the scope of statutory rape laws (see chart).
	www.urban.org /urlprint.cfm?ID=7248 (898 words)

	Experts Skeptical of Impact of Statutory Rape Laws on Teenage Pregnancy Rates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Even so, some advocates of tougher enforcement of statutory rape laws say these laws are necessary to protect young women who are vulnerable to sexual coercion by older men.
		The new analysis, "Can Statutory Rape Laws Be Effective in Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy?" by Patricia Donovan, senior associate for law and policy, The Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI), details the age of consent and statutory provisions prohibiting sex between minors and adults in each state.
		Statutory rape laws have been on the books in every state for decades but are not usually enforced except in extreme circumstances.
	www.guttmacher.org /media/nr/newsrelease.html (579 words)

	The Sources of the Legal System
		Though the systems differ in the contents of their laws and the institutions and professions which surround them, the indigenous sources of laws are in fact similar in all three jurisdictions.
		Remember also that European laws from the European Union (and in the future perhaps, the European Convention on Human Rights) are also a source of laws, but these are dealt with elsewhere in these pages.
		The law is also easier to find and to state and is rationally prospective rather than based on the chance event of litigation, which may give rise to laws based on extreme or unusual situations or unevenly argued cases.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /law/hamlyn/sls.htm (1949 words)

	Law Resources: What is Statutory Law?
		Statutory laws are the laws passed by the Congress or state legislature.
		Statutory law is often a broad statement of principle that is interpreted and applied by case law or implemented through administrative regulations.
		These documents comprise the law's legislative history and are used by judges and lawyers to determine legislative intent when interpreting and applying statutes in court cases.
	www.southernct.edu /departments/library/lawstatwhat.html (536 words)

	Carnegie Mellon Libraries: Research Help: Public Policy Management: Legal Resources
		Statutory and case law are equally important in the legal environment.
		Over time, most laws are superceded in whole or in part by later legislation or become irrelevant as social conditions change.
		The laws are broken up and the parts are placed in the appropriate section of the Code.
	www.library.cmu.edu:8089 /Research/PublicPolicy/PubPolMgt/legal.html (1080 words)

	Can Statutory Rape Laws Be Effective in Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Statutory rape laws are based on the premise that until a person reaches a certain age, that individual is legally incapable of consenting to sexual intercourse.
		Statutory rape was codified into English law more than 700 years ago, when it became illegal "to ravish," with or without her consent, a "maiden" under the age of 12.
		Statutory rape laws were originally intended to protect the chastity of young women, and even today, many states allow defendants to argue that a minor who is already sexually experienced does not merit the protection of statutory rape laws.
	www.agi-usa.org /pubs/journals/2903097.html (5911 words)

	Tulsa City-County Library - Research Tools - Government Documents
		Regulations (administrative law) are authorized by law or by presidential executive order to be written by executive agencies.
		Judicial opinions (case law) interpret both statutory and administrative law, and are important for determining whether a law or presidential action is constitutional.
		Laws recently enacted by Congress and not yet codified into the United States Code are referred to as public laws and are first published as Slip Laws.
	www.tulsalibrary.org /govdocs/doctidbits/Jan2001.htm (695 words)

	Statutory rape - Statutory Rape Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The new focus on statutory rape laws, which have been on the books in every Statutory rape laws are based on the premise that until a person reaches a
		Student to be tried on charge of statutory rape Stuart John Thomas held over for trial on charges of statutory rape and furnishing alcohol to a minor.
		In many respects, the rise in statutory rape is the tragic and predictable consequence of the This has clearly been the case with statutory rape laws.
	www.imgseek.com /ims/statutory-rape.html (291 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Canonical Age
		Sixtus V, however, made the twenty-second year inchoate age sufficient for cardinal-deacons, provided that within a year he can be, and is, ordained deacon, under penalty of loss of active and passive vote in all consistories, and even in the conclave for the election of a pope.
		The English Common Law age of fourteen in males and twelve in females prevails in all the Canadian provinces, with the exception of Ontario and Manitoba.
		The marriage law in nearly every part of the United States requires the consent of parents before license is granted to minors.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01206c.htm (2594 words)

	CNN.com - The pros and cons of statutory rape laws - Feb. 13, 2004
		What permits legislatures the discretion to enact such laws, ultimately, is the fact that (like drug possession), consensual sex with minors is not a constitutionally protected activity.
		Sherry F. Colb, a FindLaw columnist, is a professor at Rutgers Law School.
		Her other columns on criminal law, constitutional issues, and other topics may be found in the archive of her columns on this site.
	www.cnn.com /2004/LAW/02/13/findlaw.analysis.colb.statutory.rape (1937 words)

	Walter E. Helmke Library: Statutory Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		According to Black's Law Dictionary, statutory law is "that body of law created by acts of the legislature in contrast to constitutional law and law generated by decisions of courts and administrative bodies." Statutory law thus includes laws passed by the U. Congress or the Indiana state legislature, or the Fort Wayne City Council.
		After passage, laws are made available to the public by both government and commercial publishers in various formats.
		Indiana Acts - At the end of each session of the legislature all of the laws passed by the General Assembly are cumulated and bound together in three categories: permanent laws that amend the Indiana Code; temporary or special laws that do not amend the Indiana Code; and joint resolutions.
	www.lib.ipfw.edu /1061.0.html (623 words)

	Statutes & Cases - Learn About Legal Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Session Laws: When bills become law, they are published in a text according to the session of the legislature that enacted them into law.
		For instance, laws passed by the California legislature in 1999 were passed in the 1999-2000 session.
		The individual laws in the publication for a particular session (such as Session Laws 1999-2000) can be found according to their original bill number.
	www.nolo.com /statute/index.cfm (2334 words)

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		These records are the official, final, signed copies of legislative bills and resolutions (general and special laws) passed by the Congress of the Republic of Texas and the Legislature of the State of Texas, and subsequently filed with the Texas Secretary of State.
		An act approved December 18, 1837 (and later acts) required the Secretary of State to contract for the printing of the laws of the Republic of Texas, and to arrange for their distribution; this function may have necessitated the compilation of an official manuscript copy of the laws.
		Legislative bills and resolutions filed (general and special laws) are created as the official copy of the bills and resolutions passed into law by the Congress/Legislature, and signed (or vetoed) by the Governor.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /taro/tslac/30019.xml (1192 words)

	LEGAL RESOURCES in the Chalmer Davee Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		United States law is divided into three types, which parallel the three branches of government: Statutory Law, or the laws passed by the legislative branch; Administrative Law, or the rules and regulations created and enforced by the executive branch; and Case Law, the interpretations of statutory and executive law given by the judicial system.
		All laws and parts of laws relating to each subject-matter are brought together under various headings and arranged systematically.
		Many laws enacted by Congress require agencies to issue regulations, since the Federal Register is the medium for notifying the public of official agency actions, all regulations must be published in it.
	www.uwrf.edu /library/govdocs/classes/legal.html (1861 words)

	Guide to Sources for New York Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There a number of general reference works which will be helpful in researching the law.
		New York (State) Laws of the State of New York Passed at the Session of the Legislature.
		Laws currently in force arranged in broad subject categories (titles) with cross references and references to cases relating to the various points of law.
	artlibrary.vassar.edu /vcl/Quick-Guides/newyorklaw.html (412 words)

	President Taylor, His Wife (Wives), and the Marriage Laws of Liberia
		A person who is married under the statutory law of Liberia cannot legally “marry” another spouse under any law anywhere in the world, with out first obtaining a statutory divorce somewhere in the world.
		Significantly, Liberian law does not permit a person to marry under both traditional and statutory laws at the same time, which is what President Taylor proposes to do.
		A person who is married under the statutory law, may not legally marry a second wife under the traditional law, without first obtaining a statutory divorce from the statutory marriage.
	www.theperspective.org /taylor_wives.html (853 words)

	State Legislators' Handbook for Statutory Rape Issues - Issues
		At least 10 States responding to the ABA survey indicated that they had considered raising or lengthening the penalty for statutory rape.
		The ABA survey revealed that in recent years at least four States considered making the reporting of statutory rape mandatory by redefining child abuse to include statutory rape.
		Rather than redefining child abuse in the law, a “memorandum of understanding”—an informal agreement among law enforcement, State agencies, and schools—was adopted stating that statutory rape cases are considered child abuse, and the child abuse reporting mechanisms are to be used to their fullest extent to report it.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /ovc/publications/infores/statutoryrape/handbook/issu.html (2093 words)

	1981-1982 Bill 3270 - www.scstatehouse.net - LPITS
		The Legislative Council shall determine the time, manner, and means of revising the Code of Laws for the State, shall determine the method for keeping the general permanent statutory law of the State supplemented and shall check on the work of the Code Commissioner.
		No supplement shall be prepared or published for the year preceding a year in which a revised Code of Laws is scheduled to be presented to the General Assembly.
		The Legislative Council shall determine the laws to be included in the Code of Laws and reports thereon.
	www.scstatehouse.net /sess104_1981-1982/bills/3270.htm (943 words)

	CitizenLink - Extras - Statutory Rape Laws and Abortion Clinics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Call your state legislators, asking them to review your state's law regarding statutory rape (sex between adults and minors) and mandatory reporting by abortion clinic personnel regarding suspected sexual abuse.
		Call your state attorney general, urging that current state laws regarding mandatory reporting be enforced.
		We are suggesting, though, that individuals concerned about the welfare of young girls may wish to conduct an appropriate investigation and, with an attorney, consider whether action is warranted.
	www.family.org /cforum/extras/a0025040.cfm (550 words)

	North Carolina Laws for Animal Control – Animal Protection – Public Health
		When you, your staff, animal owners and non-owners need immediate information, North Carolina Laws provides fast and easy accessibility to over 200 Statutory Laws specific to the professions of animal control, animal law, humane investigations, animal sheltering and public health.
		North Carolina Laws supports the positive and vital services of animal control, humane education, animal and human community disease control, animal abuse investigations and animal sheltering by providing Statutory Law specific to the day to day demands of these professions.
		Be on-the-spot with direct information regarding what constitutes animal abuse, animal cruelty, stray animals, animals exposed to rabies, dangerous animals, abandoned animals and more presented in a professional, efficient and easy to use, 111 page field and office manual.
	www.nclaws.net (222 words)

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