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Topic: Steam distillation

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Distillation Processes

Distillation

Vacuum distillation

Azeotropic Distillation

Fractional distillation

Extractive Distillation

Fractionating column

Dry distillation

Freeze distillation

Distilled beverage

Essential oil

Freezing point

Colligative properties

Liquid

Nonlinear optics

	Distillation - LoveToKnow 1911
		These con-, ditions pertain in cases where distillation with steam is successfully practised, the relatively high volatility of water being counterbalanced by the relatively high molecular weight of the other component; for example, in the case of nitrobenzene and water the ratio is I to 5.
		A coordination of the results obtained on the distillation of mixtures of this nature with the introduction of certain theoretical considerations led to the formation of three groups distinguished by the relative solubilities of the vapours in the liquid components.
		For the distillation of liquids the retort is usually a cylindrical pot placed vertically; cast iron is generally employed, in which case the bottom is frequently incurved and thicker than the sides in order to take up the additional wear and tear.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Distillation (4835 words)

	Distillation - MSN Encarta
		Thus, aniline may be distilled at 100° C (212° F) by removing 93 percent of the air from the still.
		The greater the degree of vacuum, the lower is the distillation temperature.
		The important applications of this process are the destructive distillation of coal for coke, tar, gas, and ammonia, and the destructive distillation of wood for charcoal, acetic acid, acetone, and wood alcohol.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571938_2/Distillation.html (523 words)

	Steam distillation in essential oil extraction.
		When steam distillation is used in the manufacture and extraction of essential oils, the botanical material is placed in a still and steam is forced over the material.
		The hot steam helps to release the aromatic molecules from the plant material since the steam forces open the pockets in which the oils are kept in the plant material.
		The steam is produced at greater pressure than the atmosphere and therefore boils at above 100 degrees Celsius which facilitates the removal of the essential oil from the plant material at a faster rate and in so doing prevents damage to the oil.
	www.essentialoils.co.za /steam-distillation.htm (277 words)

	Distillation
		It consists of a round-bottomed distillation flask where the liquid is placed, a distillation head that connects the distillation flask to the condenser; and a distillation adaptor that connects the condenser to the receiving flask.
		Steam distillation is used in the purification of compounds with very high boiling points and in the isolation of volatile compounds from plants.
		A drawback is that at the end of the steam distillation, the compound must be separated from the water with which it codistills by liquid-liquid extraction, or by vacuum filtration (if the compound is a solid).
	www.uwlax.edu /faculty/koster/Distillation305.htm (3070 words)

	Essential oil distillation methods
		Steam distillation is the most common method of extracting essential oils.
		The temperature of the steam must be high enough to open the pouches, yet not so high that it destroys the plants or fractures or burns the essential oils.
		In the hydrodiffusion process, steam at atmospheric pressure is dispersed through the plant material from the top of the plant chamber.
	store01.prostores.com /oneplanet/distillation.htm (1013 words)

	Essential Oils Distillation Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Distillation of pure essential oils is principally performed using two methods: True Steam Distillation and Steam & Water Distillation.
		A third method, called Water Distillation, is when the plant material is mixed with water and the mother flask is heated directly to boil the water.
		The steam distillation process is essentially when the plant material in the mother flask is not mixed with water and the essential oil is extraced by steam injection into the dry plant material.
	www.essentialoildistillery.com /index.asp?PageAction=Custom&ID=8 (181 words)

	distillation of essential oils
		However, the compounds are steam volatile and can be distilled out of the vegetal materials at around 100° C. When plant materials are steam distilled chemical changes inevitably occur and the oil obtained will not have an identical aroma to that of the original plant material.
		Improved distillation control can be obtained by using steam from a separate boiler, which is passed into a jacket around the still or through a closed coil in the bottom of the still, to heat the contents of the still.
		The advantages of this type of "dry" steam distillation are that it is relatively rapid, therefore charging and emptying the still is much faster and energy consumption is lower.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/3base/safrole.plants/moc/distillation.html (1279 words)

	Water Distillation Systems
		Distillation is therefore a process for purifying a substance, for separating substances one from another, and for breaking down a substance into fractional parts---as a petroleum refinery does, for example.
		In a home-use steam water distiller, the raw(or tap) water is heated to it's boiling point and steam, the vapor thus formed, is led into condenser coils or other cooling apparatus, where it is condensed, drop by drop, to form a liquid called the "distillate" or distilled water.
		Today---the bulk of home water distillation systems sold in the United States are marketed through well organized retail operations such as water stores---most of whom understand the problem of dealing with organic chemicals---and who integrate carbon filters with their distillers as standard equipment.
	www.aquatechnology.net /distillers_in_transition.html (1544 words)

	steam_distillation
		While the steam distillation is occurring, the boiling point of the two together will be lower than the boiling point of the more volatile component.
		Since distillation involves the expansion of a liquid into a gas in a fixed volume (the still), the gas law can be useful in predicting the amount of water needed to complete a steam distillation or to figure out the proportion in which the organic and aqueous layers will co-distill.
		This simple equation sums up steam distillation because it demonstrates that the amount of water obtained is directly proportional to the vapor pressure of water at the distillation temperature.
	www.brynmawr.edu /Acads/Chem/mnerzsto/steam_distillation.htm (839 words)

	CO2 Exracts, Supercritical CO2 Extract, Wholesale CO2 Extracts - Eden Botanicals
		The temperature involved in the supercritical extraction process is around 95 to 100 degrees F as opposed to 140 to 212 degrees F in steam distillation.
		Steam distillation is typically considered the best way to obtain essential oils for use in aromatherapy.
		An important point regarding steam distillation of essential oils is that the temperature involved in the process changes the molecular composition of the plant matter.
	www.edenbotanicals.com /about_co2.html (930 words)

	Steam Distillation - Homedistiller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Steam distillation is a special type of distillation (a separation process) for temperature sensitive materials like natural aromatic compounds.
		By adding water or steam the boiling point of the compounds is depressed (see article on Colligative properties), allowing them to evaporate at lower temperatures, preferrably below the temperatures at which the deterioration of the material becomes appreciable.
		Steam distillation is employed in the manufacture of etherial oils for, for instance, perfumes.
	homedistiller.org /wiki/index.php?title=Steam_Distillation&redirect=no (180 words)

	Steam Distilled Water - FAQ's
		Distilled water is water which has been heated to the boiling point so that impurities are separated from the water, which becomes vapor or steam at 212 degrees farenheit(100C.).
		Steam distilled water is the standard by which all other waters are measured.
		Distilled water does not leach out body minerals, it collects and removes minerals which have been rejected by the cells and tissues, which if not evacuated, can cause arterial obstruction, arthritic deposits and other potentially serious bodily damage.
	www.steamdistiller.com /distillerfaq.htm (845 words)

	What are Essential Oils, How are Essential Oils Made, How to Make Essential Oils
		Steam is passed through the area and becomes "charged" with the essence.
		The temperature of the steam must be high enough to open the pouches, yet not so high that it destroys the plants or burns the essential oils.
		Turbo distillation is suitable for hard-to-extract or coarse plant material, such as bark, roots, and seeds.
	www.deancoleman.com /whatareoils.htm (1059 words)

	Unmasking Reverse Osmosis
		Steam distillation relies on the physical principle of gravity to separate heavier inorganic salts from rising water vapor.
		Steam distillation uses electricity---reverse osmosis, by comparison, survives by replacing nearly 80% of the system on a yearly or bi-yearly basis.
		As shown in the Installation Diagram, the distilled water is pumped, on demand, to one or more separate faucets mounted on the kitchen(and perhaps bathroom) countertops as well as to appliances such as ice makers on refrigerators, water coolers or "instant hot" water dispensers.
	www.aquatechnology.net /frame85879.html (3626 words)

	Distillation of Essential Oils - The Basics of distilling essential oil. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It specifies clearly that the nature and compo-sition of the oil must be unchanged by the process of extracting it and is there-fore one reason why steam distillation is an appropriate method of extraction.
		Furthermore, because steam distillation has been the extraction method for most essential oils, the market accepts steam distilled oil as normal oil.
		The boiler or steam generator supplies the steam for the system and each plant material has its own steam flow rate.
	www.edesa.co.za /distillation.htm (328 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The steam is originated from within the still but with that exception the process is similar to steam distillation.
		Water distillation is used when extracting essential oils from wood material where the distillation is slow and it is an advantage that the plant material is immersed in the water.
		Hydrodiffusion is a variety of steam distillation in which the steam is applied to the top of the still instead of coming up through the plant material from the bottom.
	www.hi.is /~rbs1/essay-2.doc (1132 words)

	The Aromatic Plant Project ~ Aromatic Article Archives
		The distillation is the art of extracting the essential oil from a plant by the use of steam and/or water.
		The essential oil and steam as vapor and steam collects in the head of the still and eventually works its way down the neck into the receiver where it is cooled by the external application of cool water in coils.
		Whatever the origin of distillation, and whoever first devised it, Avicenna seems to have been the first to apply the process to the preparation of Rose Water and other aqueous perfumes from flowers by blowing live steam into the distillation vessel filled with plants.
	www.aromaticplantproject.com /articles_archive/Distillation.html (533 words)

	Methods of Extraction Essential Oils
		True Steam distillation uses an outside source of steam which pipes the steam into the distillation unit, sometimes at high pressure.
		A water and steam distillation arrangement can be compared to a kitchen steamer basket, with the botanicals supported in a "basket" over boiling water, thus exposing the plant material only to the rising steam vapors.
		If the same essential oil is available both as a steam distilled EO and a CO2 extracted essence, the CO2 seems to have a richer, more intense scent, since more of the aromatic chemicals are released through this process.
	www.aromathyme.com /extraction.htm (777 words)

	Distillation. Water Distillation, Drinking Water Distillers. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Distillation is simply the most effective and reliable method of producing pure drinking water.
		Quality distillation systems are also equipped with activated coconut charcoal "post filters" which need to be changed routinely to ensure the purest water.
		The prolonged boiling process of distillation is the most effective method of killing and removing bacteria and viruses.
	www.waterdistillers-polarbear.com /steam6.html (219 words)

	vapore diretto - direct steam distillation (Italian to English translation glossary) Wine / Oenology / ...
		Direct steam distillation is similar to the second method but the steam is hotter and passed through the plant material at a higher pressure.
		Steam is forced through the fresh herbs and the oil droplets are carried by the steam through a vapor pipe at the top of the tank onto a cool condensing chamber.
		The continuous distillation is then carried out by direct steam with the re-distillation of the alcoholic phlegm.
	www.proz.com /kudoz/1699230 (734 words)

	bento-box » Blog Archive » Steam Distillation
		There was a gross factual error in it, the reason why steam distillations occur at a lower boiling point was attributed to colligative properties.
		Steam distillation is one of those things that is actually done in my lab.
		In that case the steam is coming in at 100C, condensing a little in the oil and releasing a latent heat which is enough to boil the system since the system’s bp is <100C, then the vapour is carried into the condenser and so forth.
	bento-box.org /2006/04/27/steam-distillation (623 words)

	NotDoctors.com: Steam Distillation!
		Steam distillation kills harmful bacteria and viruses, removes virtually all foreign particles, inorganic minerals, heavy metals, chlorine and most volatile organic chemicals (VOCs).
		Steam is condensed in a stainless steel coil.
		Distilled water can also increase the life of water using appliances like steam irons, coffee makers and humidifiers.
	www.notdoctors.com /steam.html (376 words)

	Steam Distiller - Home Distilling Professionals
		We are proud to announce that the Amphora Steam Distiller, which has been under development for some time, has now passed all the stringent tests we could throw at it, Volatile essential oils are easily absorbed into metal surfaces, so the Steam Distiller had to be made entirely from glass.
		Many steam distillers are already available elsewhere, and by all reports work very well.
		The Amphora Steam Distiller is a completely self-contained unit that enables extraction of volatile oils from flowers and plants for both scents and flavors.
	www.home-distilling.com /HD_Steam-Distiller.asp (498 words)

	APPENDIX 1
		The fundamental nature of steam distillation is that it enables a compound or mixture of compounds to be distilled (and subsequently recovered) at a temperature substantially below that of the boiling point(s) of the individual constituent(s).
		The steam that is used for the distillation is generated either within the steel vessel that contains the plant material (by boiling water contained at the base) or by an external boiler.
		The advantages of this type of distillation are that it is relatively rapid and capable of greater control by the operator.
	www.fao.org /docrep/V5350E/V5350e13.htm (381 words)

	Distillation Unit,Field Distillation Unit,Distillation Unit Manufacturers,Boiler Distillation Unit,Distillation Unit ...
		The Field distillation units (FDU) are used for the distillation and extraction of essential oils from herbs/shrubs/leaves/roots or whole plant by passing the saturated steam.
		Steam boiler operated distillation units can also be used for extraction of essential oils.
		The steam distillation units are more economical for larger areas and for continuous work.
	www.indiamart.com /swarajherbalplants/herbal-machinery.html (317 words)

	Distillation in the manufacture of essential oils.
		Distillation converts the volatile liquid (the essential oils) into a vapor and then condenses the vapor back into a liquid - it is the most popular, and cost effective method in use today in producing essential oils.
		The downside of distillation is the fact that heat is used in this extraction method, which makes it totally unacceptable for use on very fragile material, or where the oils are extracted with great difficulty.
		When this method of extraction is applied, great care has to be taken with the temperature and length of exposure of the heat to prevent damage to the oils.
	www.essentialoils.co.za /distillation.htm (209 words)

	Steam volatility of methamphetamine, amphetamine and ephedrine
		The steam distillation was performed using the common Parnas-Wagner (Schott & Gen., Jena) apparatus for nitrogen determination.
		When steam distilling between 5 and 500 ug pervitine, the bulk of the base could already be found in the first fraction.
		As is generally known, distillation from alkaline medium sets free an abundance of biogenic amines through basic reaction, which can appear in the distillate and interfere with the analysis of the amphetamines.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/meth.ephedrine.steam.html (1664 words)

	Fragonard : Steam distillation
		In perfume making today we use hydro distillation, which takes place in stainless steel stills to avoid the raw material becoming colored, a frequent occurrence when copper stills were used.
		The still is tall with a head and a well-insulated swan's neck preceded by a mechanism to prevent fumes and impurities passing through.
		The steam traps the essential oils of the product being distilled; these then pass through a worm immersed in cold water, which condenses them into essence.
	www.fragonard.com /@en-us/3/9/14/article.asp (262 words)

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