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Topic: Steam turbine

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Turbine

Water turbine

Gas turbine

Wind turbine

Combined cycle

Francis turbine

Superheater

Steam engine

Tesla turbine

Fossil fuel power plant

Power generation

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Cogeneration

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Power station

	NFCRC Tutorial Steam Turbine
		A steam turbine based power plant consists of raising high pressure steam in a boiler from the thermal energy and expanding the steam in a turbine to generate shaft power which in turn is converted into electricity in the generator.
		Large axial turbines must be operated under such conditions that the exhaust steam does not contain more than 10 to 13% of liquid since condensate droplets could seriously erode the high velocity nozzles and blades.
		Steam may be utilized directly in the steam turbine without any superheat as may be done with low pressure steam, or superheated to increase the cycle efficiency.
	www.nfcrc.uci.edu /EnergyTutorial/steamturbine.html (301 words)

	Steam Turbine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Steam turbines are devices which convert the energy stored in steam into rotational mechanical energy.
		The efficiency of the steam turbines are often described by the isentropic efficiency for expansion process.
		Therefore the dryness fraction of the steam at the outlet of the turbine should not be less than 0.9.
	www.taftan.com /thermodynamics/STURBINE.HTM (175 words)

	steam turbine
		A device that converts high-pressure steam, produced in a boiler, into mechanical energy that can then be used to produce electricity by forcing blades in a cylinder to rotate and turn a generator shaft.
		The steam is created by a boiler, where pure water passes through a series of tubes to capture heat from the firebox and then boils under high pressure to become superheated steam.
		Steam turbine plants generally have a history of achieving up to 95% availability and can operate for more than a year between shutdowns for maintenance and inspections.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/AE_steam_turbine.html (319 words)

	Steam turbines
		Steam turbines are operated today of course no longer with normal water vapour only, but depending on the field of application also with other materials, e.g.
		Steam is produced in a steam boiler, which is heated in power stations by the burn of coal or gas or by atomic energy.
		Steam doesn't escape then, but after the passage through the turbine it is condensed in a condensor and then pushed back into the steam boiler again by a pump.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006011/english/sites/dampfturbine.php3?v=2 (756 words)

	Steam and Gas Turbines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Pressurized high temperature steam or gas expands through various stages of a turbine, transferring energy to the rotating turbine blades.
		Combustion turbines are also able to burn a wide range of liquid and gaseous fuels from crude oil to natural gas.
		High-pressure steam from these boilers can also generate power with steam turbines, which is called a combined cycle (steam and combustion turbine operation).
	www.uaf.edu /energyin/webpage/pages/heat_engines/steam_and_gas_turbines.htm (779 words)

	Thermodynamics Steam Turbine
		Steam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging from small 0.75 kW units used as mechanical drives for pumps, compressors and other shaft driven equipment, to 1,500,000kW turbines used to generate electricity.
		Within the turbine the work done would be equal to the energy entering the turbine as steam (h1) minus the energy leaving the turbine as steam after perfect expansion (h2) this being isentropic (reversible adiabatic) i.e.
		The energy supplied by the steam by heat transfer from the combustion and flue gases in the furnace to the water and steam in the boiler will be the difference in the enthalpy of the steam leaving the boiler and the water entering the boiler = (h1 - h3).
	www.roymech.co.uk /Related/Thermos/Thermos_Steam_Turbine.html (1329 words)

	Steam Turbine Technology
		The valve for general purpose turbines is usually a single, double seated design, characterized by relatively high flows with low lift and low unbalance forces.
		The design concept of the standard trip throttle valve is basically that of a globe valve with a stem nut that is mounted in a frame or bracket that is free to move.
		Steam deposits present a problem either in the design that pulls the valve plug on the seat or the pushing force valve design.
	www.revak.com /b_davis.htm (2885 words)

	AFRL Propulsion Directorate-Edwards Research Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		By definition, the turbine is "a rotary machine which converts the kinetic energy of a steam of gas or liquid into mechanical energy." In general, there are two types of turbines.
		In a typical steam turbine, the steam strikes curved or angular blades connected to the main shaft, which causes the rotor to spin.
		The principle is this: The steam flowing from the elbow fittings, which are perpendicular with the surface of the turbine, is pushing in opposite directions, while the pivot/steam supply points hold the center of the turbine stationary, and this causes the sphere to spin.
	www.pr.afrl.af.mil /aeolipile.html (2137 words)

	Steam Turbine & Electricity - Birr Castle Demesne
		All steam engines, whether turbines or not, are designed to extract energy from high pressure steam and convert it into motion by allowing the steam to expand.
		All of the turbine designs prior to Parsons' invention were inefficient, and he saw that this was because the steam was expanded in a single step.
		Though the steam turbine was later put to other uses, most notably in marine propulsion, its first purpose was to generate useful electrical power.
	www.birrcastle.com /steamTurbineAndElectricity.asp (1098 words)

	Steam Turbine
		Turbines are used today in aeronautics as well as in power stations.
		The turbine and the turbine housing are made of high quality and heat resistant plastic.
		steam engines and the turbine is that the turbine runs without oil.
	www.forest-classics.co.uk /steam_turbine.htm (259 words)

	Gland Steam Condensers for the Power Industry
		Although gas turbine power plants are becoming more popular, the most common means of producing electrical power remains the steam turbine.
		Steam is produced by several means including the fission reaction of Uranium 235 in a nuclear power plant, burning of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, or coal, or by tapping the hot gases from the earth's interior with a geothermal plant.
		The steam turbine uses the steam to spin a shaft.
	www.apiheattransfer.com /en/Applications/Power-GlandSteamCondenserPackage.htm (525 words)

	Steam Turbine Products
		They are intended for controlling small steam turbines driving such loads as alternators, dc generators pumps, compressors, fans or paper-making machines.
		The amplifier is capable of operating the control mechanisms for steam turbines or large engines which require relatively large forces and work capacity.
		The 505 is designed to operate steam turbines using one or two (split-stage) actuators to drive inlet steam valves.
	www.target-engineering.com /steam_turbine_products.htm (1234 words)

	Quasiturbine> Type> Steam Engine
		The conventional steam turbines require very high pressure in order to generate the high flow speed permitting the turbine to be efficient.
		Because pressure steam only exist for a short time and only within the chamber (no steam boiler), this alternative is one of the safest in term of blowing-up, and as potential to avoid most pressure product legislations and rules, which is today a serious steam project handicap (no qualified steam expert needed for operation!).
		Because conventional turbines can not be widely modulated in rpm and load, they are not suitable for gas flow and pressure control, while the Quasiturbine is essentially a closed valve at zero rpm, and has high efficiency at all torque and all flow rpm.
	quasiturbine.promci.qc.ca /ETypeSteam.htm (2650 words)

	Steam Turbine and Governor (Power System Blockset)
		The Steam Turbine and Governor block implements a complete tandem-compound steam prime mover, including a speed governing system, a four-stage steam turbine, and a shaft with up to four masses.
		The mass in the Steam Turbine and Governor block, which is closest to the machine's mass is mass #2, while the mass farthest from the machine is mass #5.
		The electrical power (load) reference, the second input of the Steam Turbine and Governor block, is set to the desired electrical power supplied by the generator, in p.u.
	www.phys.ufl.edu /docs/matlab/toolbox/powersys/steamturbineandgovernor.html (1313 words)

	Steam Turbine and Governor (Power System Blockset) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Steam Turbine and Governor block implements a complete tandem-compound steam prime mover, including a speed governing system, a four-stage steam turbine, and a shaft with up to four masses.
		The mass in the Steam Turbine and Governor block, which is closest to the machine's mass is mass #2, while the mass farthest from the machine is mass #5.
		The electrical power (load) reference, the second input of the Steam Turbine and Governor block, is set to the desired electrical power supplied by the generator, in p.u.
	www.ece.umr.edu /computing/unix/software/matlab/toolbox/powersys/steamturbineandgovernor.html (1313 words)

	Steam Turbine and Governor :: Blocks (SimPowerSystems)
		The mass in the Steam Turbine and Governor block, which is closest to the machine's mass, is mass #2, while the mass farthest from the machine is mass #5.
		Numbered consistently with turbine torque fractions and mass numbers; i.e., T5 is the time constant of the first turbine stage, which models the steam chest.
		The high-pressure turbine (mass #3) transmits a peak torque exceeding 2 pu to the low-pressure turbine (mass #2), while the low-pressure turbine transmits a peak torque exceeding 4 pu to the generator's rotor (mass #1).
	www.mathworks.com /access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/physmod/powersys/ref/steamturbineandgovernor.html (1160 words)

	Steam Turbine Locomotives
		One problem with conventional reciprocating steam locomotives is that when the horizontal motion of the pistons is converted into rotary motion of the drive wheels, the torque is not constant throughout the rotation of the wheels.
		Another problem with conventional reciprocating steam locomotives is that all of the side rods and valve gear become difficult to balance when the locomotive is traveling at high speeds.
		In 1944, the PRR received a Baldwin-built straight steam turbine where the turbine was geared down and directly connected to the drivers.
	www.steamlocomotive.com /turbine (1460 words)

	CHARLES SHEELER 1883
		The text of the Power portfolio claimed that Sheeler depicted machines not as "strange, inhuman masses of material, but exquisite manifestations of human reason," because the machine was to the present what the figure had been to the Renaissance.
		Steam Turbine, the fifth in the series, was based on one of the turbines at the Hudson Avenue Station of the Brooklyn Edison Company, New York, then the world's largest steam power plant.
		In Steam Turbine, the precision of the geometric structure, the subtlety of the paint surface, and the nuances of color simultaneously convey both the information of a photograph and the qualities of a painting.
	www.butlerart.com /pc_book/pages/charles_sheeler_1883.htm (589 words)

	The Steam Turbine, Part I
		The subject of our lecture today is the Steam Turbine, and it may be interesting to mention that the work was initially commenced because calculation showed that, from the known data, a successful steam turbine ought to be capable of construction.
		Dr de Laval caused the steam to impinge on a paddle wheel made of the strongest steel, which revolved at the highest speed consistent with safety, or about half the velocity of the modern rifle bullet, for the centrifugal forces are enormous.
		I have said that steam behaves almost like an incompressible fluid in each turbine of the series, but because of its elasticity its volume gradually increases with the succession of small falls of pressure, and the succeeding turbines consequently are made larger and larger.
	www.history.rochester.edu /steam/parsons/part1.html (1071 words)

	steam turbine tank
		Making a steam turbine r/c machine has sort of been one of my Holy Grails, but there are many issues with steam turbines, that made it difficult for me to tackle on the project.
		Nothing about steam is cheap, and there isn't really a choice when it comes to off the shelf steam turbines...
		Turbines just sounded like more trouble than what it is worth, and I just did not have any confidence on being able to pull this one off.
	www.crabfu.com /steamtoys/rc_steam_turbine_tank (785 words)

	18-Steam Turbine Technology Brochure
		Steam turbine discs can be inspected for cracking in the rim area without need for deblading by use of a new SwRI-developed ultrasonic inspection system.
		Various steam turbine components are subjected to failure analysis to identify cause of failure and to recommend corrective actions.
		Measurement of high temperature creep crack growth properties of Class C and D turbine rotor materials are obtained to contribute to a data base used in remaining life assessment of HP and IP rotors.
	www.swri.org /3pubs/brochure/d18/steam/steam.htm (1300 words)

	Turbine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This efficiency continues to increase as the velocity of the rocket nozzle exceeds 50 percent of the velocity of the exiting steam.
		Unlike today's turbines, IAS's turbine immediately utilizes the energy from the steam, allowing the turbine to ionize the steam after it exits the nozzle to generate additional electricity.
		Because it is bladeless, this turbine can utilize a lower-quality steam and even operate on hot water directly from a geothermal well without having to first flash it into steam, thus bypassing a costly part of the process.
	www.iaus.com /turbine.htm (866 words)

	Energy Solutions Center–Technologies
		Steam sources in the range 100 to 200 psig (7 to 14 barg) are most commonly used.
		The principle of operation is that steam is fed to a steam turbine, which turns a compressor.
		The same cooling water is then also passed to the steam condenser to absorb the heat required to condense the steam exiting the turbine.
	www.energysolutionscenter.org /tech/tech_turbinechillers.asp (215 words)

	Steam Turbine Selection SOAPP-CT Technology Module
		Steam turbines are used in combined cycle plants to convert the heat recovered by the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) into mechanical work.
		The selection of a steam turbine is dependent upon several factors, including the steam conditions provided by the HRSG, unit rating, desired flexibility of the system, and compatibility with the balance of the plant.
		Manufacturers have made several improvements to steam turbine technology in a variety of configurations for use in combined cycle power plants.
	www.soapp.com /soapp/ct/modules/descriptions/turbine.htm (372 words)

	Steam Turbine Generators STG & HRSG Power Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		IPGL and our partners are a source for new and used steam turbine generators or complete plants for relocation to your site.
		Should you have a requirement for a steam turbine generator, or would like to change your simple cycle turbine or engine generator to a combined cycle configuration with HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) for improved efficiency, we have the hardware and/or manpower to help you accomplish that goal.
		If you have steam turbine equipment for sale, you may also fill out the following form and we will try to match your unit with a buyer.
	www.industrialpowergeneration.com /id39.html (400 words)

	Siemens AG - 2,000th Steam Turbine Leaves Siemens Goerlitz Facility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The 2,000th steam turbine is one of two destined to supply power for a new sugar factory in Cumra, Turkey.
		Live steam is supplied to the turbines at 425 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 37 bars and is expanded subsequently to a counter pressure of 3 bars and passed via a gear to a generator.
		While the power output of steam turbines in general has increased to 1500 MW, the Goerlitz facility focuses exclusively on the requirements for industrial customers with the goal meet the process steam need and maximize the power output, whether the machine is a generator, compressor or pump.
	www.siemens.com /page/1,3771,1182288-1-11_0_0-0,00.html (879 words)

	Steam Turbine Generators
		When it comes to generating power, Dresser-Rand offers three highly flexible approaches: our industrial turbine generators, custom turbine generators and packaged geared turbine generators.
		We manufacture Dresser-Rand steam turbines in compliance with API 611, 612 standards and other major industry specifications.
		Dresser-Rand custom turbine generators range to over 75,000 kilowatts and can be direct drive or geared.
	www.dresser-rand.com /steam/eq/turb_gen.asp (373 words)

	GE Energy - Industrial Steam Turbine Services
		GE’s Industrial Steam Turbine Application Center (ISTAC) was established specifically to serve industrial steam turbine customers.
		This experienced team is further strengthened through access to original OEM drawings, design and history data and analytical tools to provide you with the highest quality solutions.
		Combined with the use of the OEM drawings and design records, the proposed turbine designs are thoroughly analyzed, so the resulting modifications fit the turbine correctly the first time.
	www.gepower.com /prod_serv/serv_for/gas_steam_turbines/en/ist_serv/index.htm (240 words)

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