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Topic: Steelmaking

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	Emerging Technologies for Iron and Steelmaking
		The abandonment of open-hearth steelmaking practices for oxygen steel-making was accompanied by a parallel widespread departure from ingot casting and slabbing practices to the continuous casting of steel.
		Because oxygen steelmaking processes melt less scrap than open-hearth steelmaking, the adoption of oxygen steelmaking in developed countries was associated with a decrease in the price of scrap steel.
		G.G. Krishna Murthy and J.F. Elliot, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 22 (5) (1995), pp.
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/JOM/0110/Manning-0110.html (9981 words)

	Method and apparatus for preheating charge materials for continuous steelmaking - Patent 4609400
		There is currently a steelmaking practice known as "continuous charging" or "continuous melting", but these practices refer to a charging practice in which charge materials are fed to a furnace during the charging, melting and refining periods, then charging is interrupted and power input is interrupted for the tapping procedure.
		Cooling air is passed beneath the charge during preheating to preheat the air for use as combustion air to the burners, and to cool the portion of the conveyor in contact with the charge.
		The steelmaking furnace operates continuously at full power for an extended period of time up to approximately six or seven days during which time no repairs are made to the furnace.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4609400.html (3772 words)

	AIST Oxygen Steelmaking Operating Committee
		To serve the Oxygen Steelmaking membership by providing forums to learn about new and current technologies, discuss safe operating and maintenance practices, address environmental issues as well as network with industry professionals of all disciplines.
		The meeting began with an introduction of attendees and a discussion on the Oxygen Steelmaking Division nominee for the AIST board of directors.
		A report was provided by the Membership Chair as to his efforts to increase the awareness of the committee to the BOF steelmaking industry.
	www.aist.org /tech/oxygen_steelmaking.htm (1128 words)

	ENGnetBASE: Engineering Handbooks Online
		The steelmaking industry and its customers have benefited enormously from the many significant technological advances of the last thirty years.
		As their customers become ever more quality conscious, however, steelmakers must continue their efforts to minimize harmful impurities, minimize as well as modify harmful nonmetallic inclusions and achieve the optimum casting temperature, content of alloying elements, and homogeneity.
		Students and instructors, steelmakers and R & D engineers will welcome the author's readable style, his knowledge, and his expertise, all gleaned from decades of experience in research, academic, and industrial settings.
	www.engnetbase.com /ejournals/books/book_summary/summary.asp?id=598 (186 words)

	AIST Electric Steelmaking Operating Committee
		The Electric Steelmaking Operating Committee held their fall meeting on Oct. 8, 2005, prior to the start of the 2005 AIST Globe-Trotters Annual Meeting in Myrtle Beach, S.C. After introductions and a review of the AIST Anti-trust Guidelines, the members discussed their plans for the electric steelmaking technical sessions for AISTech 2006.
		The committee plans to sponsor three sessions focused on EAF steelmaking and volunteers were taken as session chairs.
		The Electric Steelmaking Operating Committee held its winter meeting Feb. 17–18 in Mount Pleasant, S.C. The meeting began with a joint tour of Nucor Steel–Berkeley with the Ladle and Secondary Refining Operating Committee.
	www.aist.org /tech/electric_steelmaking.htm (1067 words)

	Inclusion Control in Steelmaking
		The future of steelmaking and casting will be to continue to reduce the total oxide inclusion mass in liquid steels and to ensure that the remaining inclusion chemistry and size distribution is closely controlled.
		The reason that the lower limit in practical steelmaking is significantly higher than the thermodynamic limit is due to the kinetics of inclusion separation from liquid steel and to environmental conditions.
		The first CSLM for steelmaking studies was installed at CMU during 1999 and applied for the first time to the study of slag metal interfaces [] and the dissolution of particles in slags.
	neon.mems.cmu.edu /cramb/aisi3/clean.html (2452 words)

	[No title]
		Steelmakers are applying or experimenting with new and emerging technologies that, with more R and D, Gould overcome challenges.
		Meanwhile, steelmakers constantly experiment with BOF oxygen lance configurations, oxygen batching and flux additions practice to achieve better slag making and chemistry, better control of refractory wear, and higher production rates.
		Other technologies that support oxygen steelmaking include scrap preparation and handling, fluxes and methods of additions, recycling of waste oxides, and process sensors with feedback capability (for example, light meter, lasers, infrared temperature detectors).
	www.metalpass.com /metaldoc/paper.aspx?docID=48 (1556 words)

	History of Steelmaking in Johnstown
		In the 1880s, the company added an open-hearth steelmaking facility, but was becoming less important nationally as other steelmakers in Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Cleveland gained prominence.
		It was the site of several major technological innovations that were copied throughout the nation and the world, including early use of the Bessemer process for refining steel and many new methods of heating, handling and rolling steel.
		Included are: image galleries of immigrants at work and with their families, the steel industry, coal mines, Ellis Island, downtown Johnstown, and more; original letters to and from immigrants; period maps of Johnstown; census data showing immigration trends; transcripts of interviews with immigrants and their descendants; and more.
	www.jaha.org /DiscoveryCenter/steel.html (988 words)

	steeluniversity.org \| Secondary Steelmaking \| Secondary Steelmaking: Overview
		Secondary steelmaking is a critical step in the steel production process between the primary processes (Basic Oxygen Furnace or Electric Arc Furnace) and casting.
		Some elements are added and some have to be removed during secondary steelmaking in order to fine-tune the composition of the steel to meet the specification and the customer’s requirements.
		After secondary steelmaking, the ladle of liquid steel is taken, at the required composition, quality, cleanness, time, temperature and at least cost to the casting process.
	steeluniversity.org /content/html/eng/default.asp?catid=26&... (292 words)

	Performance Steelmaking
		Boasting a direct bloodline from steelworkers, members of Squonk were looking for an interesting story to stage and decided to look no further than the smokestacks of the abandoned steel mills visible through their apartment windows in Pittsburgh.
		The end result was "Firedogs," which transports the audience through the history of steelmaking from the original fondue-eating caveman to the Homestead steel strike of the Andrew Carnegie era and to the current day.
		The announcer (Pacilio) describes steelmaking through the pompous language of documentaries while the Squonks display their antics onstage.
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/JOM/9610/Beazley-9610.html (1570 words)

	Steelmaking
		The Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) process takes this liquid iron plus recycled scrap steel, and reduces the carbon content to between 0 and 1.5% by blowing oxygen through the metal in a "converter".
		Alternatively, the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is used to remelt scrap iron and steel.
		Secondary steelmaking processes are then applied to make fine adjustments to the steel composition.
	www.matter.org.uk /steelmatter/steelmaking/default.htm (88 words)

	News Search: steelmaking news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-13)
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Wheeling- Pittsburgh stated, "This agreement marks a new beginning for steelmaking at Wheeling-Pittsburgh and in the Ohio and Monongahela valleys.
		AK Steel operates major steelmaking facilities in Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania and Kentucky, including operations in Ashland.
		Output of iron ore, used in steelmaking, increased to 35.7 million metric tons in the three months ended Sept. 30, from 32.2 million tons a year earlier, the...
	www.topix.net /search?q=steelmaking+news (797 words)

	How to make steelmaking 'green?' Add some plastic. \| csmonitor.com
		Her research is part of a broader global effort to align steelmaking with 21st-century goals of sustainable development.
		Over the past three decades, steelmakers in industrial countries have made significant strides in building more energy-efficient plants and in capturing more of the pollutants that once billowed from their facilities.
		And it's the carbon that she has her eye on as she considers the use of plastics in electric steelmaking furnaces.
	www.csmonitor.com /2005/0331/p14s01-sten.html (950 words)

	The chemistry of steelmaking. Home page.
		In keeping with this trend, we are publishing the latest edition, called The chemistry of steelmaking, as an electronic resource, or e_source, making use of the latest internet technology.
		One of the aims of Corus’s education programme is to enhance the work related curriculum and enrich classroom activity.
		Like all its educational resources, The Chemistry of Steelmaking has been produced in partnership with schools, colleges and teachers.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/chemistry/steel/index.html (414 words)

	Oxygen Steelmaking
		The history of VAI is closely linked with the revolutionary development of the LD (or basic oxygen) steelmaking process by VOEST in Linz, Austria in the early 1950s and the subsequent worldwide marketing of this technology.
		Continuous evolutionary improvements and especially the rapid increase in converter size were ultimately decisive for the universal application of this technology by steelmakers.
		VAI's accumulated experience in the supply of equipment, systems and process technology for oxygen steelmaking is unparalleled in the industry.
	www.industry.siemens.com /metals/en/VAI/Steelmaking_Oxygen.htm?PIdent=1001&SIdent=1730&TIdent=1594 (222 words)

	82
		Direct reduction processes have been developed using either natural gas or coal to reduce iron ore in the form of lump, pellets or fines to an iron rich charge material for electric arc furnaces.
		At the primary metals stage there are opportunities such as improved scrap quality control, use of mini blast furnaces for ironmaking, commercial development of new smelting reduction processes, and adoption of improved direct reduction technologies.
		The developments in electric arc steelmaking have been in DC arc furnaces, continuous charging, charge preheating and post combustion.
	www.metalpass.com /metaldoc/paper.aspx?docID=51 (812 words)

	steeluniversity.org \| steeluniversity.org \| steeluniversity.org Home Page
		The second annual steeluniversity.org Challenge will run from 12 noon GMT on Wednesday 8 November to 12 noon on Thursday 9 November.
		Participants will be challenged to make a batch of steel using the Electric Arc Furnace simulation and then refine it using the Secondary Steelmaking simulation in order to produce a cast of the correct composition.
		Look at the short clip illustrating one of these simulations, the Electric Arc Furnace, and then try to become a steelmaker yourself.
	www.steeluniversity.org (188 words)

	Global Steelmaking: Supply/Demand Outlook — WSD
		In most regions, except for China, capital outlays on steelmaking and related facilities are down precipitously.
		The data are provided for blast furnaces, steelmaking furnaces (BOF, OH and EAF), continuous casters and steel scrap substitute facilities.
		The Global Steelmaking reports are a must for steelmakers, sellers, buyers, and suppliers to the industry—anyone concerned with steel’s supply/demand dynamics.
	wsd.steele.com /matrix/globalsteelmaking.html (376 words)

	Developments in Steelmaking Capacity in Non-OECD Countries (2001 Edition) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-13)
		Total non-OECD steelmaking capacity in 2003 is estimated to reach 490.6 million tonnes per year (tpy), up 13.4 million tonnes from 477.2 million tpy in 2000, an increase at an average annual rate of 0.9%.
		South East Asia, including China, will account for the largest part of the volume of this increase, although it is likely to be smaller than that in the past decade.
		On the contrary, little change in steelmaking capacity is forecast to take place in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS, where privatisation and modernisation of the industry have been progressing.
	www.oecd.org /LongAbstract/0,2546,en_2649_34221_1881322_119656_1_1_37413,00.html (324 words)

	MIT team works toward cleaner steelmaking - MIT News Office
		In addition, preliminary tests show that the technology itself could be used to remediate certain wastes and produce other metals like titanium.
		The carbon used in the current steelmaking process contains sulfur, a contaminant that leads to a lower-quality metal.
		Notes from the Lab - A summary of MIT research drawn from several sources.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/1996/steelmaking.html (943 words)

	Welcom to the Center for Iron & Steel Research \| Carnegie Institute of Technology and Department of Materials Science ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-13)
		The Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR) is a University/Industry Cooperative Center within the department for Materials Science and Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University.
		The Center currently has 20 major industrial members and is the largest academic center for steelmaking research in the USA.
		The director of the CISR is Professor Richard J. Fruehan, Professor Sridhar Seetharaman is the associate director of the Center.
	www.materials.cmu.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /cisr/index.html (251 words)

	ThyssenKrupp Steel - Steelmaking
		The Steelmaking business unit currently comprises the metallurgical operations in Germany and the planned steel mill in Brazil as well as the logistics activities of the Steel segment.
		The business unit’s task is to supply high-quality, low-cost starting materials to the three market-oriented business units Industry, Auto and Processing as part of the segment’s global growth strategy.
		With its modern plant configuration, the Steelmaking business unit provides a secure basis for the supply of low-cost starting materials to our specialized value-adding downstream processing operations.
	www.thyssenkrupp-steel.com /en/steelmaking (96 words)

	VAI LD Steelmaking
		Accounting for a total of more than 55% (more than 600 million t/a) of world steel production, the family of LD (BOF) technologies continues to be the most important steelmaking route, particularly for the production of high-quality, flat steel products.
		With the advantage of in-house operational experience, VAI continues to pioneer solutions for optimizing the converter steelmaking process, with a special emphasis on highly automated, economic and environmentally friendly production.
		In addition to the supply of advanced technological components and systems, VAI also offers comprehensive know-how packages which allow our customers to produce the most demanding grades of steel for the market.
	www.vai.at /view.php3?r_id=402&LNG=EN (189 words)

	Primary production scheduling at steelmaking industries
		The scheduling problem in steel plants is known to be among the most difficult of several industrial scheduling problems.
		We first describe the main steelmaking processes and show how scheduling affects the effectiveness of plant operations.
		We characterize the problems associated with scheduling steelmaking activities to achieve business objectives of delivering quality steel on time to customers, while minimizing operating costs.
	domino.research.ibm.com /tchjr/journalindex.nsf/0b9bc46ed06cbac1852565e6006fe1a0/3c717050b702c17685256bfa0067fa23?OpenDocument (131 words)

	Annual Modern Electric Furnace Steelmaking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-13)
		Additionally, this year’s program will delve deeper into the fundamentals of electric furnace steelmaking technology, the use of energy inputs, the steelmaking and ladle refining processes, electrodes, and environmental issues for electric steelmaking.
		Attendees will also have the opportunity to learn how their operation compares to industry benchmarks, and to hear about the latest developing technologies.
		Electric furnace operators, maintenance engineers and other steelmaking support personnel who wish to gain fundamental understanding of the electrical, thermomechanical and technical aspects of modern electric furnace steelmaking operation.
	www.aist.org /conf/06_electric_furnace.htm (421 words)

	College of Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University - Center for Iron & Steelmaking Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-13)
		The Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR) is a National Science Foundation initiated research center within the department for Materials Science and Engineering.
		Refining - Focus areas include: oxygen steelmaking, the electric arc furnace, the ladle and in argon oxygen decarburization for stainless and specialty grades.
		Research topics include: improved desulfurization, better slag-metal separation to improve iron yield, thermodynamics of systems relative to the production of stainless, and inclusion and bubble separation at steel-slag interfaces.
	www.cit.cmu.edu /default.aspx?id=32 (262 words)

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