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	LLLI \| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
		In 1935, doctors Irving Stein and Michael Leventhal were the first to describe a syndrome characterized by polycystic ovaries, oligo, or anovulation (erratic or no menstrual cycles), and infertility that was later renamed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (Stein and Leventhal 1935).
		Stein and Leventhal's seminal 1935 article described "small, pale, firm," "large, flabby breasts," and "pendulous breasts"; later articles mentioned "retarded breast development" and "hypoplastic breasts" (Stein 1945).
		Stein, I.F. and Leventhal, M.L. Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries.
	www.lalecheleague.org /llleaderweb/LV/LVAprMay05p27.html (2093 words)

	Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library - Polycystic ovary disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Polycystic ovary disease is characterized by enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts, an abnormally high number of follicles at various states of maturation, and a thick, scarred capsule surrounding each ovary.
		The syndrome was originally reported by Stein and Leventhal in 1935 when they described a group of women with amenorrhea (absence of menstrual period), infertility, hirsutism (unwanted hair growth in women), and enlarged polycystic ovaries.
		Polycystic ovaries; Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS); Stein-Leventhal syndrome; Polyfollicular ovarian disease.
	www.lifespan.org /adam/healthillustratedencyclopedia/1/000369.html (797 words)

	Polycystic ovary syndrome - MayoClinic.com
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition most often characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth and obesity, but it can affect women in a variety of ways.
		The signs and symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome stem from a disruption in the reproductive cycle, which normally culminates each month with the release of an egg from an ovary (ovulation).
		Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age in the United States, affecting an estimated 5 percent to 10 percent.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/DS00423 (269 words)

	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -- eCureMe.com
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also called Stein-Leventhal syndrome, polycystic ovarian disease, or hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation, is an endocrine disorder that occurs in 5%-10% women.
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries accumulate tiny cysts, actually little follicles, 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter, each containing an egg.
		Syndrome X: Insulin resistance is associated with high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, and a decrease in HDL (the good cholesterol) and obesity.
	www.ecureme.com /especial/obgyn/Polycystic_Ovary_Syndrome.asp (451 words)

	eMedicine - Polycystic Ovarian Disease (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome) : Article by Greg Marrinan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In polycystic ovaries syndrome, the cycle is disturbed.
		Alternatively, the incidental discovery of polycystic ovaries during ultrasonography is not a reliable indicator of polycystic ovaries syndrome.
		Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome are at increased risk for both endometrial and breast cancer because of the unopposed effects of estrogen over time.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic565.htm (2883 words)

	Amazon.com: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Books: CHang/Heindel/d (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A central issue is whether polycystic ovary syndrome is one disorder or a common manifestation arising from one of several possible derangements.
		Given the high prevalence of this syndrome, there is necessarily a certain pressure to find a unifying cause or explanation, if for no other reason than to inform the clinical care of the women who have it.
		On the other hand, if the syndrome may result from any one of four causes, then it would be important to establish criteria for when the use of insulin modifiers is likely to help, and universal use would be unwarranted.
	www.amazon.com /Polycystic-Ovary-Syndrome-CHang-Heindel/dp/082470746X (1380 words)

	Polycystic ovary syndrome: Signs and symptoms - MayoClinic.com
		Women with polycystic ovary syndrome may have any of several signs of varying severity.
		However, not all women who have polycystic ovary syndrome have physical signs of androgen excess.
		One study found that women who have central obesity — fat in the midsection or trunk of the body — have higher androgen, sugar and lipid levels than do women who have accumulated fat in their limbs.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/DS00423/DSECTION=2 (440 words)

	Discovery Health :: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
		Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disturbance in women of reproductive age; it affects an estimated 5 to 10 percent of females.
		PCOS, also called Stein-Leventhal Syndrome after the doctors who first characterized it in the 1930s, is a cause of infertility.
		As the term polycystic ovarian syndrome suggests, PCOS often is accompanied by enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts.
	health.discovery.com /centers/womens/pcos/pcos.html (394 words)

	The Facts about Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
		Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), also called Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, is a disorder characterized by irregular, abnormal or absent menstruation; excessive amounts of body hair; excessive body weight and decreased fertility.
		The syndrome is caused by elevated levels of testosterone and other hormones, which disrupts the normal menstrual cycle.
		The Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Association web site has information for patients (some which we have brielfy summarized here), as well extensive listings of ongoing clinical trials and research studies, and support groups all over the US.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/964648419.html (979 words)

	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Treatment and Information
		It also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, which causes chronic anovulation the failure to release an egg each month and thus infertility.
		The cause of this problem is not currently known, but it is known that women who have this problem do not experience normal monthly fluctuations in hormone levels.
		They also, unfortunately, have an increased incidence of breast cancer and endometrial cancer which is a cancer of the lining of the uterus, due to the continual elevated estrogen levels.
	www.go-symmetry.com /health/bakup/polycystic-ovary.htm (776 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, Polycystic Ovarian Disorder, Hyperandrogenic ...
		Healthopedia.com - Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, Polycystic Ovarian Disorder, Hyperandrogenic Chronic Anovulation)
		Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that results in abnormal hormone levels in a woman.
		Polycystic ovarian syndrome often begins with puberty and worsens with time.
	www.healthopedia.com /polycystic-ovarian-syndrome (343 words)

	Women's Health Advisor 2003.1: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder in which many benign cysts form on the ovaries under a thick, white covering.
		Polycystic ovary syndrome is caused by an abnormal production of two hormones by the pituitary gland in the brain.
		The information is intended to inform and educate and is not a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.
	www.thedacare.org /crs/wha/wha_polycyst_crs.htm (549 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Stein-Leventhal syndrome - CureResearch.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Stein-Leventhal syndrome (condition): A disease of the ovaries in women that has various impacts on female hormones.
		Stein-Leventhal syndrome: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a syndrome in which the ovaries are enlarged and have several fluid-filled sacs or cysts.
		PCOS is a leading cause of infertility and is the most common reproductive syndrome in women of childbearing age.
	www.cureresearch.com /medical/stein_leventhal_syndrome_printer.htm (222 words)

	Stein-Leventhal syndrome (Disease)... Fort Lauderdale, Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This condition is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, scanty or absent menses, multiple small cysts on the ovaries (polycystic ovaries), mild hirsutism, and infertility.
		Polycystic ovaries are two to five times as large as normal ovaries, and they have a white, thick, very tough outer covering.
		However, an increase in the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is one of the hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland, is frequently successful in stimulating the underdeveloped ova to mature and be released from the ovary.
	www.browardhealth.org /18559.cfm (692 words)

	Polycystic ovary disease
		The syndrome was originally reported by Stein and Leventhal in 1935 when they described a group of women with amenorrhea (absence of menses), infertility, hirsutism (unwanted hair growth in women), and enlarged polycystic ovaries.
		The lack of follicular maturation and inability to ovulate are likely caused by low levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and higher-than-normal levels of androgens (male hormones) produced in the ovary.
		Many women with polycystic ovary disease have irregular menses and may have scanty menstruation (oligomenorrhea) or no menses at all (amenorrhea).
	www.mercydesmoines.org /ADAM/Encyclopedia/ency/000369.asp (508 words)

	Pacific Fertility Center - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Stein-Leventhal Syndrome
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also called Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, is the most common endocrinologic disorder in women of reproductive age.
		In 1935, Stein and Leventhal originally described the syndrome we now call PCOS.
		Their strategy for treatment was to surgically reduce the size of the ovaries by performing a "wedge resection" (removing a wedge of ovarian tissue).
	www.infertilitydoctor.com /treat/pcos.htm (848 words)

	Description of the Polycystic ovarian disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age.
		According to the initial description by Stein and Leventhal in 1935~\cite{Stein1935}, the diagnosis of PCOS was based on the clinical symptoms (oligo/amneorrhea, infertility, hirsutism, and obesity) in the presence of histologically verified polycystic ovaries.
		The pathogenesis of PCOS is difficult to ascertain in view of the many subsets and different phenotypes of the syndrome.
	www.cs.umu.se /~medinfo/CaseStudies/256_4/Description.html (385 words)

	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Stein-Leventhal Syndrome - information page with HONselect
		Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts.
		Synonym(s): Stein-Leventhal Syndrome / Sclerocystic Ovarian Degeneration / Sclerocystic Ovaries / Sclerocystic Ovary Syndrome /
		Impact of Metformin in Teens With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) on Oral Contraceptive Therapy
	www.hon.ch /HONselect/RareDiseases/EN/C04.182.612.765.html (389 words)

	Polycystic ovary syndrome
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of numerous cysts (fluid-filled sacs) on the ovaries associated with high male hormone levels, chronic anovulation (absent ovulation), and other metabolic disturbances.
		Phipps, W. "Polycystic ovary syndrome and ovulation induction." Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 28, no. 1 (2001): 165-182.
		Zacur, H. "Polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance." Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 28, no. 1 (2001): 21-33.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/polycystic_ovary_syndrome.jsp (2070 words)

	MoonDragon's Obgyn Information - Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome)
		Central obesity with a hip ratio of > 0.85 is associated with cardiovascular disease and is a marker for PCOS.
		If there is a suspicion for Cushing's syndrome, you may get a 24-hour urine for free cortisol or do a 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test overnight.
		There is a wide range of supplemental nutrients that may help you alleviate the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and reduce the incidence of ovarian cysts.
	www.moondragon.org /obgyn/disorders/polycystovary.html (3556 words)

	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) involves enlarged ovaries, which contain many fluid-filled sacs (cysts), and a tendency to have high levels of male hormones (androgens).
		Symptoms include acne, a deepened voice, a decrease in breast size, and an increase in muscle size and in body hair (hirsutism) growing in a male pattern, such as on the chest and face.
		Women with polycystic ovary syndrome also have an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec22/ch244/ch244g.html (718 words)

	Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Symptoms
		polycystic ovary syndrome: a variable disorder that is marked especially by amenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity, infertility, and ovarian enlargement
		Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), also called polycystic ovarian disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, polycystic ovary disease, and Stein-Leventhal syndrome is a health problem that can affect a woman’s menstrual cycle, fertility, hormones, insulin production, heart, blood vessels, and appearance.
		Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is the most common hormonal reproductive problem in women of childbearing age.
	www.symptoms-4u.com /polycystic-ovarian-syndrome.htm (296 words)

	Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - General Info About PCOS
		Polycystic ovarian syndrome (also referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, polycystic ovarian disease or hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation) is an endocrine disorder found in 5%-10% women.
		The diagram is about halfway down the page, under the heading "Insulin Resistance in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." The whole article is good and gives a great explanation of the process.
		This risk comes from lack of menstruation - if you haven't reached menopause and aren't having periods on your own on a semi-regular basis, you need to be treated or you may risk developing endometrial cancer.
	pcos.freeservers.com /general.html (642 words)

	Women's Health Advisor 2005.4: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome)
		You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition.
		Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormone disorder that causes many small benign cysts to form on the ovaries under a thick, white covering, which prevents the release of an egg.
		It causes your menstrual cycle to be irregular, or you may have no periods at all.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/wha/wha_polycyst_crs.htm (851 words)

	Polycystic ovary syndrome - Stein-Leventhal syndrome
		Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a common endocrine abnormality that affects five to ten percent of women of reproductive age.
		It can also influence a woman's cardiovascular health and have other serious implications for her health and lifestyle.
		PCOS is generally considered a syndrome rather than a disease (although it is sometimes called Polycystic Ovary Disease) because it manifests itself through a group of signs and symptoms that can occur in any combination, rather than having one known cause or presentation.
	www.womenshealthmatters.ca /centres/pelvic_health/PCOS (200 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Prevention & Expectations (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, Polycystic Ovarian ...
		There is no known way to prevent polycystic ovarian syndrome.
		The long-term effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome depend on the woman's condition and her response to treatment, but they may include:
		Polycystic ovarian syndrome is not contagious and poses no risk to others.
	www.healthopedia.com /polycystic-ovarian-syndrome/prevention.html (279 words)

	Stein-Leventhal Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The images show multiple follicles in each ovary, probably in excess of 8 on each side.
		The Stein-Leventhal (polycystic ovary) Syndrome usually presents as an obese, hirsute female with ammenorhea.
		The ovaries are usually 2-3 times larger than normal but up to 30% will have normal sized ovaries.
	www.mritutor.org /mriteach/2500/2500.xml (101 words)

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