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Topic: Stellar nucleosynthesis

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	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Stellar nucleosynthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		nucleosynthesis or nucleogenesis, in astronomy, production of all the chemical elements from the simplest element, hydrogen, by thermonuclear reactions within stars, supernovas, and in the big bang at the beginning of the universe (see nucleus ; nuclear energy).
		stellar evolution life history of a star, beginning with its condensation out of the interstellar gas (see interstellar matter) and ending, sometimes catastrophically, when the star has exhausted its nuclear fuel or can no longer adjust itself to a stable configuration.
		stellar populations two broadly contrasting distributions of star types that are characteristic of different parts of a galaxy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Stellar+nucleosynthesis (597 words)

	nucleosynthesis
		Stellar nucleosynthesis converts hydrogen into helium, either by the proton-proton chain or by the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle.
		Successively heavier elements, as far as iron (in the most massive stars) are built up in later stages of stellar evolution by the triple-alpha process.
		The heaviest elements of all are produced by explosive nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions, by mechanisms such as the p-process, r-process, and s-process.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/N/nucleosynthesis.html (234 words)

	ASTROPHYSICS GROUP - FACULTY LISTING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Theoretical study of the origin of atomic nuclei in stars (nucleosynthesis) and the evolution of stars; theoretical study of the occurrences of natural radioactivity and its implications; gamma ray astronomy; the interpretation of isotopic anomalies in samples from meteorites; the origin of the solar system.
		Stellar structure and evolution of stars; color-magnitude diagrams of galactic and extragalactic star clusters.
		Gamma-ray astronomy: bursts; galactic structure and evolution; stellar structure and evolution nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution.
	photon.phys.clemson.edu /wwwpages/faculty.html (144 words)

	1 Nucleosynthesis and nuclear decay
		A realistic model for the nucleosynthesis of the elements must be based on empirical data for their ‘cosmic abundance’.
		If nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements had occurred in the big bang then their distribution would be uniform throughout the universe.
		The length of this life-history depends directly on the stellar mass, and can be traced on a plot of absolute magnitude (brightness) against spectral class (colour), referred to as the Hertzsprung-Russell or H)R diagram (Fig.
	www.onafarawayday.com /Radiogenic/Ch1/Ch1-2.htm (2595 words)

	Stellar nucleosynthesis biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Stellar nucleosynthesis is the collective term for the nuclear reactions taking place in stars to build the nuclei of the heavier elements.
		The processes involved were elucidated over a number of years from early in the 20th century, when it was first realised that the energy released from nuclear reactions accounted for the longevity of the Sun as a source of heat and light.
		In 1928, George Gamow derived what is now called the Gamow factor, a quantum-mechanical formula that gave the probability of bringing two nuclei sufficiently close for the strong nuclear force to overcome the Coulomb barrier.
	www.biography.ms /Stellar_nucleosynthesis.html (302 words)

	stellar nucleosynthesis concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		explosive nucleosynthesis (3 facts) - The nucleosynthetic processes which are thought to occur in supernovae.
		These explosive processes are thought to produce the nuclei from neon up to and including the e-process nuclei and possibly the r-process nuclei.
		K and produces the iron peak nuclei., The nucleosynthesis processes that are believed to occur in supernovae.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/stellarnucleosynthesis.html (202 words)

	[No title]
		Evidence for nucleosynthesis in stars is observable in stellar spectra and meteorites, and is fundamental to understand the origin of the elements.
		The goal of this proposal is to develop a new quantitative level of understanding of the origin of the elements through advanced models of stellar nucleosynthesis, which can be tested by the new observational and isotopic data.
		The nucleosynthesis in the proposed Sm-Eu-Gd region is uniquely suited for the proposed approach, because it is possible to experimentally complete the necessary nuclear data set and at the same time a wide range of observational high-quality data are available.
	qso.lanl.gov /people/fherwig/nucastro.html (385 words)

	Astronomy Course Notes
		The composition of the universe reflects Big Bang nucleosynthesis (nucleosynthesis is a process resulting in the construction of a type of atom).
		For many reasons, we do not consider stellar remnants (white dwarf, neutron star, fl hole) or their environments as being likely places for life.
		The result is that stellar lifetimes vary inversely with mass, in a proportion that is shown below.
	astro.wsu.edu /allen/courses/notes/note5.html (1383 words)

	Stellar Yields (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Stellar yields tell us what elements are returned to the ISM when stars die.
		There are a handful of groups whose 1-D nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution codes provide tables of estimated yields for various isotopes.
		The nature of the supernova explosion mechanism itself is poorly understood and is usually initiated with either an internal bomb or a piston.
	www.cfa.harvard.edu /~yfenner/Yields.html (233 words)

	STARDUST FROM METEORITES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, with the recent discovery that some dust grains extracted from primitive meteorites were produced in stellar environments, we now have the opportunity to gather information about stars and our Galaxy from the laboratory analysis of tiny pieces of stardust.
		Their analysis is a breakthrough in research on stellar nucleosynthesis and the origin of the elements.
		While a number of specialized reviews exist on the topic, this book is the first work that brings together in a unified and accessible manner the background knowledge necessary for the study of presolar grains together with up-to-date discoveries in the field.
	www.worldscibooks.com /physics/5705.html (358 words)

	ScienceDaily: Scientists Crack Open Stellar Evolution
		Nucleosynthesis -- Nucleosynthesis is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from preexisting nucleons (protons and neutrons).
		Stellar evolution -- In astronomy, stellar evolution is the sequence of changes that a star undergoes during its lifetime; the hundreds of thousands, millions or billions of years during which it emits light and heat.
		Stellar nucleosynthesis -- Stellar nucleosynthesis is the collective term for the nuclear reactions taking place in stars to build the nuclei of the heavier elements.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/10/061026185045.htm (1949 words)

	Research
		Binaries and multiple stellar systems are very frequent and constitute an important ingredient in the Milky Way and other galaxies.
		The two or more stars of a system are born together, orbit each other, and evolve with either little or strong interaction, depending on several parameters, such as mass and mutual distance.
		When the components are well separated, they behave (almost) like single stars, and their 'observed' dimensions provide a unique tool for empirical tests of theoretical evolutionary models of normal stars.
	www.nbi.ku.dk /side22721.htm (624 words)

	Physics Department: Research
		nucleosynthesis in the early universe and in supernovae) and particle astrophysics (e.g.
		It addresses the role of nuclear structure and nuclear reaction processes as engines of stellar evolution and stellar explosions and seeks to find answers to the fundamental questions about the origin of the elements found today throughout the universe.
		Because of the extreme nature of the stellar conditions, the understanding of these nuclear processes poses an enormous challenge to astrophysics, nuclear theorists, and experimentalists.
	www.nd.edu /~sciwww/phys_research.htm (1711 words)

	ASTROPHYSICS: ON STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
		After a nucleus has captured a neutron to become a heavier nucleus, the time scale t(sub-n) for it to capture an additional neutron is either slow or rapid on the competing time scale t(sub-beta) for it to undergo beta decay.
		Such element generation or nucleosynthesis, through transmutation of one element into another, is a crucial by-product of stellar energy generation.
		The stellar abundances indicate an increasing contribution from the slow neutron-capture process (s-process) at higher metallicities in the Galaxy.
	scienceweek.com /2004/sa041126-2.htm (1796 words)

	[No title]
		We attach an adjective to the word "nucleosynthesis" to differentiate between different environments.
		As heavy elements accumulate, fusion moves outwards, so that by the end of the star's life, more than half can be the host of fusion reactions.
		Stellar evolution is most easily seen on a diagram that plots the brightnesses of stars against thier temperatures.
	astro.wsu.edu /allen/courses/astr135/Notes/stars.html (1132 words)

	Lives and Deaths of Stars
		The predictions from the stellar evolution models as to what the characteristics of the stars in different clusters should be are compared with reality.
		The most accurate age for a cluster is found from fitting the entire cluster HR diagram (main sequence, sub-giant, red giant, and horizontal branch) to a stellar evolution model of a specific age and chemical composition.
		Increasing the mass of the stellar core increases the compression of the core.
	www.jb.man.ac.uk /distance/strobel/evolutn/evolutnb.htm (3587 words)

	MTSU Department of Physics and Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For example, there are thought to be three main nucleosynthesis processes, which produced the solar system abundances for elements heavier than iron (the so‑called s ‑, r‑, and p ‑processes).
		In contrast, recent stellar models of the s process occurring in low‑mass AGB stars have, for the most part, obtained good agreement with the meteorite data [Gallino 1997a] as well as with the overall solar system s‑process abundances [Straniero 1995, Gallino 1997a].
		Pt are all shielded from the r-process of nucleosynthesis and therefore are important as normalization nuclei and for branching studies.
	www.mtsu.edu /~physics/carltonGrants.htm (4316 words)

	Supernova nucleosynthesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It occurs primarily due to explosive nucleosynthesis during explosive oxygen burning and silicon burning.
		In nuclear fusion processes in stellar nucleosynthesis, the maximum weight for an element fused is that of nickel, reaching an atomic mass of 64.
		During supernova nucleosynthesis, the r process (r for rapid) is the primary reason for supernova's fusion ability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supernova_nucleosynthesis (539 words)

	Radiation Notes: Stellar Nucleosynthesis
		Our primary focus (!) will be Fowler's work on stellar nucleosynthesis, but we will touch briefly on the solar neutrinos that are produced as a byproduct of energy generation in the sun.
		By accurate experimental measurements of the energy levels of the various states of the nuclei involved and the reaction rates for the various individual processes, Fowler and his colleagues have thoroughly limited any theory proposing to explain the structure and evolution of stars, stellar nucleosynthesis, etc..
		The basic mechanism creating them can be described as single nucleon absorption, usually a neutron at a time, but sometimes a proton, typically releasing the binding energy of the new nucleon as a gamma ray and then later when necessary undergoing beta decay to attain the most stable nucleus of the new mass.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~piccard/radnotes/stellar.html (2999 words)

	ASTRONOMY: ON NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN BINARY STARS
		This international gathering of experts in the field and others interested in stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis featured presentations of data, models, and lengthy discussions on what problems should be tackled and how.
		The mechanisms that dredge these nuclei from the stellar interior and distribute them through space are crucial to seeding the next generations of stars and planets.
		The main events are the explosions at the end of stars' active lives, whether in supernovae (massive stars) or ejection of planetary nebulae (less massive red giants).
	scienceweek.com /2006/sw060210-1.htm (1670 words)

	Elements of the past: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and observation
		The theory of nucleosynthesis during the first few minutes after the big bang makes very clear predictions about the abundances of light atomic nuclei in the early universe - about the contributions of hydrogen (single protons), deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, lithium-7 to the total mass of ordinary matter contained within a given region.
		Surveys of all the different elements (including nitrogen and oxygen) show that there is a simple correlation: the closer a region is to the galactic center, the greater the influence of stellar nucleosynthesis on element abundances.
		It is usual to plot the predictions against a parameter denoted by the greek letter eta, which is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in our universe, divided by the number of photons in the cosmic background radiation.
	www.einstein-online.info /en/spotlights/BBN_obs/index.html (2692 words)

	Reaction Rates for Stellar Nucleosynthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Presented is a compilation of stellar nuclear reaction rates for light, intermediate mass, and heavy nuclei used in calculations of stellar nucleosynthesis.
		These are intended to replace the reaction rate compilation developed by R. Hoffman and S. Woosley (version 92.1, 1992).
		Stellar weak reaction rates are tabulated at 9 stellar temperatures and six densities, including:
	www-phys.llnl.gov /Research/RRSN (122 words)

	Lives and Deaths of Stars
		In defense I want you to know that practically everyone, except for the astronomer researching stellar evolution, uses this loose meaning of ``creation''.
		However, now that you know about stellar nucleosynthesis, I need to be more careful about what is being created from scratch and what is being re-used.
		Those atoms are rearranged to produce the vast variety of things around and in you.
	www.astronomynotes.com /evolutn/s7.htm (488 words)

	PHY983 Nuclear Astrophysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The course text book will be "Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution of Galaxies" by Bernard Pagel.
		Good book on basics such as abundances, reaction rates, reaction networks, but in terms of astrophysical scenarios limited to massive star nucleosynthesis and supernovae.
		In depth discussion of stellar physics (which we will mostly not cover).
	www.nscl.msu.edu /~schatz/PHY983_05/books.htm (180 words)

	Scientists Discover Mineral Comes From Ancient Supernova
		A supernova is a massive star that burns through its nuclear fuel - layers of hydrogen, of helium, of carbon, oxygen, silicon, sulphur, etc. - all the way down to the element iron.
		Iron is the end point for stellar nucleosynthesis - a star can't get energy by fusing iron.
		Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have imaged a giant molecular cloud being shredded by howling stellar winds and searing radiation, exposing a group of towering dust pillars harboring infant stars, according to a University of Colorado at Boulder researcher.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/stellar-chemistry-05v.html (888 words)

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