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Topic: Stem linguistics

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	stem - definition by dict.die.net
		Anything resembling a stem or stalk; as, the stem of a tobacco pipe; the stem of a watch case, or that part to which the ring, by which it is suspended, is attached.
		Stem leaf (Bot.), a leaf growing from the stem of a plant, as contrasted with a basal or radical leaf.
		To remove the stem or stems from; as, to stem cherries; to remove the stem and its appendages (ribs and veins) from; as, to stem tobacco leaves.
	dict.die.net /stem (532 words)

	Stem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stem (linguistics), the base part of a word not including inflectional morphemes.
		A Stem (bike) is the forward extension which connects the fork to the handlebars of a bicycle.
		Stem (ship), the upright member mounted on the forward end of a vessel's keel, to which the strakes are attached.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stem (139 words)

	What is a stem?
		A stem is the root or roots of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added.
		A stem consists minimally of a root, but may be analyzable into a root plus derivational morphemes.
		If a stem does not occur by itself in a meaningful way in a language, it is referred to as a bound morpheme.
	www.sil.org /linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAStem.htm (152 words)

	Stem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stem (linguistics), the base part of a word not including inflectional morphemes.
		A Stem (bike) is the forward extension which connects the fork to the handlebars of a bicycle.
		Stem (ship), the upright member mounted on the forward end of a vessel's keel, to which the strakes are attached.
	www.zdnet.co.za /s/t/e/Stem.html (130 words)

	Klamath-Modoc linguistics bibliography
		Eugene, OR: Dept. of Linguistics, University of Oregon, pp.
		Eugene, OR: Dept. of Linguistics, University of Oregon.
		Penutian in the bipartite stem belt: Disentangling areal and genetic correspondences.
	www.uoregon.edu /~delancey/bib/klambib.html (475 words)

	Word stem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In languages with very little inflection, such as English and Chinese, the stem is usually not distinct from the "normal" form of the word (the lemma, citation or dictionary form).
		For example, the English verb stem take is indistinguishable from its present tense (except in the third person singular); but the equivalent Spanish verb stem tom- never appears as such, since it is cited with the infinitive inflection (tomar) and always appears in actual speech as a non-finite (infinite or participle) or conjugated form.
		Stem is a part of the word - form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Word_stem (301 words)

	Word stem - tScholars.com (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A stem, in linguistics, is the combination of the basic form of a word (called the root) plus any derivational morphemes, but excluding inflectional elements.
		The definition of stem usually includes the possibility of zero derivation, so in fact any root is also a stem.
		In languages with very little inflection, such as English and Mandarin Chinese, the stem is usually not distinct from the "normal" form of the word (the lemma, citation or dictionary form).
	www.tscholars.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Stem_(linguistics) (395 words)

	Lawrence A. Reid, UH-Manoa Linguistics Department
		The current state of linguistic research on the relatedness of the language families of East and Southeast Asia.
		Most of my current interests in linguistics stem from the twelve years I spent as a member of the Philippine branch of the Summer Institute of Linguistics.
		After three years of graduate study in the then newly formed Department of Linguistics at the University of Hawaii (1963-66), I returned to the Philippines as a linguistic consultant for four years (1966-70), becoming more or less acquainted with many of the more than 100 languages spoken in the country.
	www.ling.hawaii.edu /faculty/reid (1376 words)

	[No title]
		V Loss from Stem UR Nominative Nonfuture Accusative Future Accusative Gloss yiliyili yiliyil yiliyili-n yiliyili-wur3 oyster Looking just at the surface forms like Nalu and yiliyil, one could not tell the difference between a form in which a segment is deleted, and one in which it is absent underlyingly.
		When verbal stems are followed by a vowel-initial inflectional suffix, certain segmental-prosodic changes occur at the boundary between the M-stem and the vowel-initial inflectional suffix.
		A vowel-initial inflectional suffix is unstable because it is onsetless.
	roa.rutgers.edu /files/186-0497/roa-186-kim-9.doc (15671 words)

	ScienceDaily: Researchers Discover Potential Mechanism For Tumor Growth
		Researchers Discover Breast Cancer Stem Cells In Bone Marrow (October 12, 2006) -- Almost all tumor cells found in the bone marrow of early stage breast cancer patients appear to be breast cancer stem cells, suggesting the risk of disease spread for all breast cancer patients may...
		Embryonic stem cell -- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo.
		Adult stem cell -- Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body that divide to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/12/051215231633.htm (1907 words)

	Stem (linguistics) (stem (linguistics) info) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stems are usually not distinct from normal forms of the word in the English language, since inflection has largely become discarded.
		However, in other languages, stems are more noticeable, although in many languages they are identical to the masculine form of the word.
		Inflectional roots are often called stems, and a root in the stricter sense may be thought of as a monomorphemic stem.
	wikimiki.info.cob-web.org:8888 /en/stem+(linguistics) (2657 words)

	stem \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The upright member mounted on the forward end of a vessel's keel, to which the strakes are attached.
		(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"
		stem to French stem to Italian stem to Spanish stem to Dutch stem to Portuguese stem to German stem to Russian stem to Japanese stem to Chinese (T) stem to Chinese (S) stem to Korean stem to Turkish stem to Hebrew stem to Additional stem to Croatian stem to Serbian stem to Swedish
	www.babylon.com /definition/stem/?uil=English (373 words)

	Jonas Kazlauskas' Contribution to Lithuanian Linguistics - William R. Schmalstieg
		He also suggests that the i-stem locative develops from an older -ije which passed to -ij and eventually to -y and only then was the ending -je added to give the ending -yje.
		The conversion of a part of the journal "Kalbotyra" (Linguistics), issued by the Committee for Higher and Special Secondary Education of the Lithuanian SSR into a more specialized journal made it possible to issue the first part of "Baltistica".
		The task of this publication is to clarify within Baltic linguistics some new possibilities which have developed in recent years as a result of the change of view concerning the history of the Indo-European languages and the methods of investigating them.
	www.lituanus.org /1972/72_1_01.htm (2799 words)

	Television Point \| Dictionary \| Meaning of stem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		[n] (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"
		stemmen to press against.] To oppose or cut with, or as with, the stem of a vessel; to resist, or make progress against; to stop or check the flow of, as a current.
		The main stem or a branch of the main axial system of a plant, developed from the plumule of the embryo and typically bearing leaves.
	www.televisionpoint.com /dictionary/?define=stem (660 words)

	Tenser, said the Tensor: Verbing Japanese
		All Japanese vowel-stem verbs (that I know of...) have stems that end in either /i/ or /e/, so /guguru/, /homoru/, and /rezuru/ must be consonant-stem verbs.
		It would have been possible for /rezu/ to become a consonant stem verb /rez-u/, but this would have been rather odd, because no native consonant-stem verbs end in /z/.
		Tenser, said the Tensor is the blog of a graduate student in linguistics.
	tenser.typepad.com /tenser_said_the_tensor/2004/05/verbing_japanes.html (444 words)

	stem - definition, thesaurus and related words from WordNet-Online
		root, root word, base, stem, theme, radical - (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"
		stem turn, stem - a turn made in skiing; the back of one ski is forced outward and the other ski is brought parallel to it
		stem - remove the stem from; "for automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed"
	www.wordnet-online.com /stem.shtml (279 words)

	What is Lovins Stemming? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The approach does not excel with linguistics, as it is not complex enough to stem many suffixes due to their not being present in the rule list.
		The main problem with this process is that it has been found to be highly unreliable and frequently fails to form words from the stems, or match the stems of like meaning words.
		Then the ending of the stem may be reformed (e.g., by un-doubling a final consonant if applicable), by referring to a list of recoding transformations.
	www.comp.lancs.ac.uk /computing/research/stemming/general/lovins.htm (329 words)

	Lingua::Stem
		Called as a class method, it applies the default settings and stems the list of passed words, returning an anonymous array with the stemmed words in the same order as the passed list of words.
		Called as an instance method, it applies the instance's settings and stems the list of passed words, returning an anonymous array with the stemmed words in the same order as the passed list of words.
		This caches stemming results until either the process exits or the 'clear_stem_cache' method is called.
	www.nihongo.org /snowhare/utilities/modules/lingua-stem (1622 words)

	Anarchy in the U.S.A., by Charles M. Young
		"In linguistics, he's the Freud," says Albert, Chomsky's editor at Z Magazine and a friend since the Sixties, when Albert, then a physics student, was organizing antiwar protests at MIT.
		In other words, we are born with an enormous, unpredictable capacity for creativity, an "instinct for freedom [actually, a term of Bakunin's]." This concept places Chomsky at the frontier of psychology, philosophy and linguistics and square in the eighteenth-century tradition of the Enlightenment -- Rousseau, the Cartesians and other ferocious libertarians.
		Believing that the best way to maximize our genetically endowed freedom is through anarchism, which he defines as "libertarian socialism," Chomsky has been unrelenting in his attacks on the American hierarchy and the nation-state in general.
	www.chomsky.info /interviews/19920528.htm (6799 words)

	stem - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Stem : eyefortransport e-commerce transportation glossary [home, info]
		Phrases that include stem: stem cells, stem ginger, stem christie, main stem, stem blight, more...
		Words similar to stem: stalk, stanch, staunch, base, bow, fore, halt, prow, radical, root, shank, stemmed, stemmer, stemming, theme, arise, arrest, caudex, check, curtail, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=stem&ls=a (571 words)

	1
		Most of my current interests in linguistics stem from the twelve years I spent as a member of the Philippine branch of the Summer Institute of
		as a linguistic consultant for four years (1966-70), becoming more or less acquainted with many of the more than 100 languages spoken in the country.
		This is an ongoing project that is will take several more years to complete, but the work in its present state is aimed at creating a model for the computerization of endangered languages which will be of use to future generations of linguists, as well as native speakers of the language.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~reid (1608 words)

	RhymeZone
		noun: (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed
		Example: "The increase in the national debt stems from the last war"
		See stem used in context: 10 Shakespeare works, 1 Bible passage, 151 definitions
	www.rhymezone.com /r/d?u=stem (160 words)

	Finding articles about Stem Cell research
		By surveying all of the key studies done in a certain research area, a review article interprets how each line of research supports or fails to support a theory.
		Covers subjects relating to social sciences, humanities, education, computer sciences, engineering, physics, chemistry, language and linguistics, arts and literature, medical sciences, ethnic studies, and many more.
		At this point, you may want to review the sources listed in the background information page to see if you can find additional information that is relevant to your search.
	www.library.jhu.edu /researchhelp/engr/stemcell/articles.html (326 words)

	: Class Stem (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The word stemming API returns all forms of a given 'stem' word.
		When you are done using the stemming interface, call
		If a stemming function throws an exception, call this method to get the specific error text.
	www.ricklafleur.com.cob-web.org:8888 /avs/avse/APIs/Java/javs/sdk/linguistics/Stem.html (182 words)

	stem (HyperDic hyper-dictionary)
		(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed.
		A slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ.
		Grow out of, have roots in, originate in.
	www.hyperdic.net /dic/stem.htm (249 words)

	Gwendolyn Lowes
		I am a PhD student in Linguistics at the University of
		interests in linguistics stem from the field of Field
		Comparative and Historical Linguistics Historical East Bodish Phonology
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~glow (67 words)

	Akkadian linguistics (Babylonian and Assyrian cuneiform texts)
		about morphology, parts of a word, some linguistic concepts
		notation, words, morphemes,(affix such as prefix, infix, and suffix, enclitic), stem, verb stems
		Forms of the construct state of the noun
	xoomer.virgilio.it /bxpoma/akkadeng/akkadian.htm (168 words)

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