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	Stephen Timofeevich Razin - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Stenka,' as he was generally called, had now become a potentate with whom princes did not disdain to treat.
		In 1670 Razin, while ostensibly on his way to report himself at the Cossack headquarters on the Don, openly rebelled against the government, captured Cherkask, Tsaritsyn and other places, and on the 24th of June burst into Astrakhan itself.
		Razin proclaimed that his object was to root out the boyars and all officials, to level all ranks and dignities, and establish Cossackdom, with its corollary of absolute equality, throughout Muscovy.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Stephen_Timofeevich_Razin (571 words)

	Stenka Razin
		Stenka Razin (1630-1671 was a Cossack leader who lead a major uprising against the Russian government.
		In 1667 Stenka Razin emerged as a leader of the Don Cossacks[?] he created a large army and in 1670 he took Astrakhan.
		Razin was captured and then tortured and executed by the victors.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/st/Stenka_Razin.html (133 words)

	Stenka Razin
		Antecedent to the Razin Revolt was the Khmelnitskyi Revolt (1648-1654), led by Bohdan Khmelnitskyi (or Chmielnicki), a nobleman who became a Cossack ataman and led a rebellion against the Poles, believing Poles had sold the Cossacks into the hands of Jewish slavemasters.
		Stenka Razin agreed with Tsar Alexei to stop his killing and marauding, receiving in exchange a promise of amnesty for past misdeeds.
		Razin was himself dismembered, branded and beheaded, the fragments of his body being marched around the city of Moscow impaled on stakes.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/mar/article402.html (843 words)

	Stenka Razin (A Russian Ballad)
		Stepan Timofeyevich Razin, or simply Stenka Razin (1630-1671), was a Cossack ataman (chief) who seized control of vast tracts of the Ukraine, sailed across the Caspian Sea to loot Persia (Iran) and with the riches thus amassed led an unsuccessful revolt against Tsar Alexei I (lived 1629-1676: reigned 1645-1676).
		Stenka’s revolt was suppressed and Stenka was beheaded.
		There is a traditional ballad called “Stenka Razin” as well, with 12 stanzas, including a single repeat of the first stanza, and I have provided my own transcription of the Russian lyrics, which is superior to the transcription usually provided in that it reproduces the actual pronunciatiom rather than the conventionalized correspondences.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/06apr/article046.html (443 words)

	Stenka Razin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Stenka Razin (1630 - 1671) was a Cossack leader who led a major uprising the Russian government.
		In September of 1670 Razin's forces Simbirsk but were there defeat by a equipped and trained Tsarist army.
		Stenka Razin is the hero of a popular Russian folk song better known by the words Volga Volga mat' rodnaya.
	www.freeglossary.com /Stenka_Razin (250 words)

	Zdum
		Stenka Razin, the Volga and a Persian Princess.
		Above all, Stenka loved the river Volga, the source of his freedom and might.
		After many successes, the Tsar sent an army lead by Prince Yuri Bariatynski, the undisciplined army of Cossacks was defeated, and Razin was given over to the army by the Cossacks seniors who were loyal to the Tsar.
	www.antoranz.net /CURIOSA/ZBIOR2/C0304/03en-QZC05025_Razin.HTM (331 words)

	VIOLIN BEGINNER MUSIC - NEWSLETTER ARCHIVED ARTICLES #8, November, 2002 - "Stenka Razin"
		It is known that he went on a diplomatic mission in 1661 from the Don Cossacks to the Talmuck Tatars, and later in the year, on a thousand mile pilgrimage to the Solovetsky monastery on the White Sea "for the benefit of his soul", and then disappeared.
		On one of Stenka Razin's bolder raiding expeditions, he captured a beautiful Persian Princess, fell in love with her, married her out of hand, and celebrated the wedding on board his own boat, the flagship of his fleet.
		Stenka Razin fled to the Don, where the land-owning Cossacks, hearing that the Patriarch of Moscow had anathematized him, refused him shelter.
	halamuspublishing.com.au /Archived_Articles08.html (1164 words)

	Encyclopedia Search
		Razin (1630 - 1671 was a Cossack leader who...Cossacks.
		Razin emerged as a leader of the Don-Cossacks Don Cossacks Don Cossacks...
		A book of recent fame, dealing with the...
	www.encyclopedian.com /search.php?searWords=Stenka (29 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Anna and Igor were delighted that we knew the traditional Russian folksong, Stenka Razin, and Igor was astonished to find that we not only had an English translation, but that it was quite accurate.
		Stenka Razin is the song that reminds us most of Anna and Igor, when we sing it now.
		STENKA RAZIN, a Russian folksong (The second half of each verse is repeated once.) From beyond the wooded island, To the river wide and free, Proudly sail the arrow-breasted Ships of Cossack yeomanry.
	www.math.sunysb.edu /~kirillov/boy/letters/miller.txt (578 words)

	Razin, Stenka - HighBeam Encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As commander of a band of propertyless Don Cossacks, he raided and pillaged (1667-69) through the lower Volga valley and across the Caspian Sea.
		On his return (1670) to the Don, Razin rebelled against the authority of the czar.
		His force of some 7,000 men took Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), Astrakhan, Saratov, and Samara, and was joined by serfs, peasants, and non-Russian tribes of the middle and lower Volga region.
	www.encyclopedia.com.cob-web.org:8888 /doc/1E1-razin-s1t.html (246 words)

	Stenka Razin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Razin's rebels in Astrakhan, a Dutch engraving from 1681.
		It was not difficult to stir the oppressed population to revolt by promising deliverance from their yoke.
		Razin is the subject of a symphonic poem by Alexander Glazunov and a cantata by Shostakovich.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stenka_Razin (919 words)

	Pirates & Privateers: The History of Maritime Piracy - Stepan Razin
		Stepan Timofeevich Razin, also known as Stenka Razin or Rasin, was born to an old Cossack family that lived on the Don River.
		Derbent was a prosperous port on the western coast of the Caspian Sea.
		Although Stepan Razin’s attempt to gain greater freedom for the Cossacks had the opposite effect, he became a martyred hero whose memory was immortalized in folklore.
	www.cindyvallar.com /razin.html (1337 words)

	=69.GIAP=: The arrival of Stenka Razin
		On one of his raids, Stenka captured a beautiful Persian Princess (daughter of Astarian Mahmed-chan) and fell in love with her.
		As time passed and Razin showed no inclination to do anything but dally with his Princess, his men became more and more dissatisfied and finely the grumbling in the ranks broke out into the open.
		His men told him that he was becoming soft and powerless and that unless he disposed of the Princess there would be a mutiny and he would be deposed as leader of the band.
	baseclass.modulweb.dk /69giap/154.0.html (404 words)

	Marina Tsvetayeva: Tsar and God! Grant those your pardon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1670, he moved up the Volga, proclaiming freedom from officials and landlords and murdering members of the upper classes, while the soldiery and the common people flocked to his side.
		Razin escaped to the Don, but in the spring of 1671 was arrested by the more conservative Cossack elements, handed over to the Russian authorities, and executed in public in Moscow.
		Brief as was his career, Razin became the central figure of a popular epic and his exploits, largely imaginary, figure frequently in the tales and songs of the Muscovite period of Russian literature.
	www.tsvetayeva.com /en/poems/tsar_and_god.php (328 words)

	The Execution of Stenka Razin
		He is silent, all covered with the spit of the mob, he does not wipe it away, only grins wryly, smiles at himself: "Stenka, Stenka, you are like a branch that has lost its leaves.
		In front of Stenka in the rising wind the leather apron of the headsman is flapping, and in his hands above the crowd is a blue ax, blue as the Volga.
		It’s worth bearing it all without a tear, to be on the rack and wheel of execution, if sooner or later faces sprout threateningly on the face of the faceless ones...
	lightning.prohosting.com /~zhenka/054.html (732 words)

	STEPHEN TIMOFEEVICH RA... - Online Information article about STEPHEN TIMOFEEVICH RA...
		October 1st and 4th); Razin was ultimately routed and fled down the Volga, leaving the bulk of his followers to be extirpated by the victors.
		The emissaries of Razin, armed with inflammatory proclamations, had stirred up the inhabitants of the See also:
		hearing that the patriarch of Moscow had anathematized Stenka, also declared against him.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /RAY_RHU/RAZIN_STEPHEN_TIMOFEEVICH_d_167.html (989 words)

	EefyWiki - Stenka Razin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Stenka Razin, also known as Stepan, was born ca.
		In October of that year, Razin was finally stopped. Because of poor organization Muscovite troops were able to defeat Razin's forces on the upper
		Stenka Razin was by no means the first or the last of Russian revolutionaries. However, his exploits did inspire many others after him. His stories are still held in Russian legend and song.
	eefy.editme.com /StenkaRazin (409 words)

	AllRefer.com - Stenka Razin (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Stenka Razin (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Stenka Razin, Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biographies
		As commander of a band of propertyless Don Cossacks, he raided and pillaged (1667–69) through the lower Volga valley and across the Caspian Sea.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Razin-St.html (249 words)

	Stenka Razin - The Romanoffs - Gallery of Historical Figures Russian Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Stenka Razin - The Romanoffs - Gallery of Historical Figures Russian Collection
		A cossack from the Don region of Russia.
		His capture and death at an early age was a violent and bloody affair.
	www.galleryhistoricalfigures.com /figures-pages/russian/romanoffs/razin/razin.html (67 words)

	Feature Item - poparchives.com.au
		English-language version of the Russian folk song Stenka Razin, the melody later used by Tom Springfield for The Carnival Is Over.
		Also spelt as Stenka Rasin, and known as Volga, Volga mat' rodnaya from the lyrics.
		Stenka Razin was a 17th century cossack rebel leader who has been celebrated in a number of songs.
	poparchives.com.au /feature.php?id=522 (297 words)

	Russian Lacquer Art Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The main hero of this song is Stenka Razin, Ataman of the Don Cossacks, who was the leader of the great rebellion of the Russian peasants in the years 1667- 1671.
		In this song, Stenka Razin in a very drastic way shows his fierce determination to give everything, his love and his life, for the fight against slavery and oppression.
		To restore trust of his soldiers, Razin throws his sweetheart, the beautiful Persian Princess, into the waters of Volga River.
	www.russianlacquerart.com /cnt/Mstera/0000/002571 (344 words)

	Russian folksongs: Stenka Razin / Iz za ostrova (Balalaika instructions, Music and Words)
		Stepan ('Stenka') Timofeyevitsh Razin, Ataman of the Don Cossacks, was the leader of the great rebellion of the Russian peasants in the years 1667 - 1671.
		He was caught in the end, and cruelly put to death at Moscow.
		But he stayed alive in the legends of the poor people, in novels and movies, in sinfonies by Glazunov and Shostakovitsh - and in this song, where Stenka Razin in a very drastic way shows his fierce determination to give everything, his love and his life, for the fight against slavery and oppression.
	www.kaikracht.de /balalaika/english/songs/izza_mel.htm (311 words)

	THE EXECUTION OF STENKA RAZIN
		THE EXECUTION OF STENKA RAZIN* In Moscow, the white-walled capital, a thief runs with a poppy-seed loaf down the street.
		Stenka, you are perishing for nothing!" But over the snouts, pig faces, ugly mugs of tax collectors and money changers, like light through the fog, Stenka saw faces.
		Bustling, the poor trembling priest ran up, wanting to close Stenka's eyelids.
	homemuseum.tripod.com /Poetry/History.htm (486 words)

	Find in a Library: The great Cossack; the rebellion of Stenḱa Razin against Alexis Michaelovitch, Tsar of all the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Find in a Library: The great Cossack; the rebellion of Stenḱa Razin against Alexis Michaelovitch, Tsar of all the Russias.
		The great Cossack; the rebellion of Stenḱa Razin against Alexis Michaelovitch, Tsar of all the Russias.
		Russia -- History -- Rebellion of Stepan Razin, 1667-1671.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/0c970d48446ebd7b.html (104 words)

	Chapter 5
		Underneath was inscribed, The Execution of Stenka Razin.
		You young fool," father bristled with anger, "he was a murderer, a common rioter." But mother and Maxim bravely defended Stenka, and I was deeply incensed at father, who despotically terminated the discussion.
		Yes, Stenka Razin was surely a noble man. I cried myself to sleep over the unspeakable injustice, wondering how I could ever forgive "them" the killing of the good Stenka, and why the weak-looking branch did not break with his weight.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/bright/berkman/prison/chapter5.html (1348 words)

	The 17th and 18th centuries
		The military servitors' struggle to establish full control (legalized by the Code of 1649) over their peasants led to numerous revolts.
		In 1670-71 dissatisfied Cossacks, persecuted Old Believers, escaped serfs, and disgruntled urban elements joined forces under Stenka RAZIN in a revolt that swept the entire Volga valley and threatened Moscow itself.
		The religious crisis exacerbated the cultural conflict over the extent and character of Westernization.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/russian_history/40703/2 (465 words)

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