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Topic: Stephen Bishop (cave explorer)

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	Stephen — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Stephen defeated the Scots in the Battle of the Standard (although the ensuing treaty was entirely favorable to Scotland) and managed to wage an effective campaign against the insurrection in S and W England.
		Stephen had again offended the clergy by quarreling with Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, and the clerics refused to confirm his son, Eustace IV, count of Boulogne, as successor to the throne.
		Stephen was a courageous soldier and a generous man, but he had neither the ability nor the strength of character necessary to deal with the turmoil of his reign.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0846654.html (647 words)

	Mammoth Cave - LoveToKnow 1911
		MAMMOTH CAVE, a cave in Edmondson county, Kentucky, U.S.A., 37° 14' N. lat.
		The cave is usually said to have been discovered, in 1809, by a hunter named Hutchins; but the county records, as early as 1797, fixed its entrance as the landmark for a piece of real estate.
		The temperature of the cave is uniformly 5 4 ° F. throughout the year, and the atmosphere is both chemically and optically of singular purity.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Mammoth_Cave (2236 words)

	Stephen Bishop (cave explorer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stephen Bishop (1820?–1857) was a mulatto slave famous for being one of the lead explorers and guides to the Mammoth Cave in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
		Stephen Bishop was introduced to Mammoth Cave in 1838 by his owner, Franklin Gorin, who purchased the cave from the previous owners in the spring of 1838.
		Bishop died in the summer of the next year at the age of 37 (although the exact date is not recorded) before he could carry out his life's dream of buying the freedom of his wife and son and travelling to Liberia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stephen_Bishop_(cave_explorer) (1722 words)

	Stephen Bishop - IFWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Stephen Bishop (c.1820–1857) was a mulatto slave who is known today for his work in exploring the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky.
		Stephen Bishop was brought into the future because he was nominated for Best Game for his rewrite of Adventure at the XYZZY Awards.
		Stephen Bishop was supposed to present an XYZZY Award, but was turned into a basket of mangoes.
	www.ifwiki.org /index.php/Stephen_Bishop (248 words)

	Caving
		Cave conservancies often provide other services such as being advocates for responsible cave ownership and management, promoting the protection of caves, and advancing research to enhance and discover the values of caves.
		Cave diving is a type of technical diving in which specialized SCUBA equipment is used to enable the exploration of natural or artificial caves which are at least partially filled with water.
		Stephen Bishop (1820?– 1857) was a mulatto slave famous for being one of the lead explorers and guides to the Mammoth Cave in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
	www.shortopedia.com /C/A/Caving (923 words)

	GORP - Modern History, Mammoth Cave National Park
		Cave sediments with abundant quantities of nitrate, an essential ingredient of gunpowder, were mined by slaves during the war.
		The area, with its multitude of limestone caves, underground rivers, springs, and sinkholes, is known as a karst landscape.
		Many of the cave animals are blind, or nearly so, and some lack skin pigments as a result of living in the total flness of the cave.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_national_park/ky/mammhis.htm (695 words)

	MAMMOTH CAVE: WORLD'S LARGEST HAUNTED PLACE
		The cave was famous by that time, thanks to a number of writers and authors who were already beginning to spread the word about the place, but the lack of decent and accessible roads discouraged many of the tourists.
		Because the cave possessed the finest onyx columns in the region, Reverend Edwards was quick to capitalize on this and also took advantage of the verbal agreement that he had with Turner by cheating him out of his half and claiming the whole thing for himself.
		The fact that these veteran cave explorers have encountered weird phenomena in the cave dismisses the idea that the ghost stories here are merely the result of the overactive imaginations of tourists who are unfamiliar with the ordinary happenings in a cave.
	www.prairieghosts.com /mammoth.html (11108 words)

	Alcoa: Environment: 2003 Earthwatch Diaries: Mammoth Cave
		A slave, Stephen Bishop was part of the transfer as the cave traded hands from Franklin Goran to Dr. Croghan in the 1850's.
		The cave's cool conditions are a relief after sweating in the hot sun for the early part of the day.
		Signatures on the cave walls from the 1800's, broken bits of glass, flashbulbs, debris from prehistoric torches, and signs of the nitrate mining that took place during the American War of 1812 make up the majority of the artifacts discovered on this first day of searching.
	www.alcoa.com /global/en/environment/diary_smet.asp (2915 words)

	Stephen Bishop
		Stephen Bishop became one of the greatest cave explorers in Mammoth Cave history.
		Stephen told him the story of the discovery of Gorin’s Dome and of the difficult descent he had made with two others to the bottom.
		Stephen was set free in 1856 but he never made it to Liberia where he had been saving to go with his wife and family, he died in 1857 and is buried at the cave.
	www.rootsweb.com /~kyafamer/Edmonson/sbishop.htm (2924 words)

	Mammoth Cave Ghosts and The Legend of Floyd Collins
		The cave has been toured by the public since the early 1800s and is even mentioned in Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth.
		Stephen Bishop was a slave who is said to have refused freedom due to fear he would have to leave his beloved cave.
		Floyd Collins was a very brave cave explorer until one day, back in 1925, while trying to crawl through a very tight spot, he found himself hopelessly wedged between rocks.
	www.angelfire.com /ky3/myoldkentuckyghosts/caves.html (728 words)

	March 25
		It’s the largest cave system in the world with more than 350 miles of explored passageways, and geologists estimate that there could be another 600 miles of unexplored passageways.
		The cave system was discovered by European settlers in the late 1790s and became an important source of saltpeter (used in gunpowder) during the War of 1812.
		Bishop discovered more miles of cave passageway than anyone before or since, was the first to cross the previously impassable Bottomless Pit, and the first to see the eyeless fish that inhabit the cave streams.
	wneo.org /gasp/March2000/march_25.htm (797 words)

	Early Writers At Mammoth Cave
		Also, in the book was a map of the cave drawn by Stephen Bishop, and it was one of the first books to feature engravings of the cave.
		The cave has been unimproved, and were it not for the narrow trail that leads down the glen to its door, one would not know that it had been visited.
		Wearing a bloomer outfit that was provided by the management of the cave, she and her companions were escorted through the cave by guide William Garvin.
	kentuckyexplorer.com /nonmembers/00-05030.html (1665 words)

	Show Caves of the United States: Mammoth Cave National Park
		Cave sediments with abundant quantities of nitrate, an essential ingredient of gunpowder, were mined by slaves during the war.
		Jenny Lind, and the establishment of a hospital for tuberculosis patients in the cave.
		Once the cave systems in both mountains were explored separately, until the connection between both was found in the 1960s.
	www.showcaves.com /english/usa/showcaves/Mammoth.html (956 words)

	A Scattering of Jades by Alexander C. Irvine, a science fantasy book
		Meanwhile, fl slave Stephen Bishop, a guide and explorer of Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, discovers a weirdly carved underground room and an Indian mummy wearing a feathered cloak.
		Jane is to be a sacrificed on the alter in the mummy room in Mammoth Cave.
		Cave explorer Stephen sides with the chacmool for his own reasons, and gets Archie lost in Mammoth Cave.
	members.aol.com /tirfell/irvine.htm (799 words)

	Stephen Bishop
		Stephen Bishop was a mulatto who lived during the time of slavery in the United States.
		Bishop was very athletic and adventurous, and tourists were allowed to go deeper and deeper into the cave as a result of Bishop's work.
		However, the cave's historian refutes the claim, saying that this mummy was a "false legend" intended to draw more visitors to the cave.
	pt3.sbu.edu /VFTs/caves/stephen_bishop.htm (255 words)

	Book Reviews - Favorites
		Caves and maps are listed for 118 countries, arranged in descending order of depth and length within that country.
		Caving is a short thought provoking book on the subject of caving, written by one of the caving community's most notorious individuals.
		South China Caves is a very informative and well illustrated report on the March, 1988, joint expedition of the Institute of Karst Geology, the Speleological Society of South China Normal University, and the Cave Research Foundation.
	www.cavebooks.com /book_review1.html (5856 words)

	Stephen Bishop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		During the Underground Railroad Era, Bishop often used the cave to hide fugitive slaves who were on their way north to cross the Ohio River.
		The owner opened Mammoth Cave to local tourists a few years after its discovery, and for the rest of his life, Bishop was the tour guide.
		At Mammoth Cave there is a small plaque commemorating Stephen Bishop, the African America cave explorer, who is buried near the entrance to the cave.
	www.coax.net /people/lwf/HRB_SB.HTM (322 words)

	Stephen Bishop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stephen Bishop (cave explorer), a 19th century African American cave explorer
		Stephen Bishop (musician), a late 20th century U.S. popular musician.
		Stephen Kovacevich, concert pianist, formerly named Stephen Bishop
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stephen_Bishop (123 words)

	poet062600
		McCombs said the title comes from the name of a large pile of rocks that early explorers once thought to be the end of Mammoth Cave until two crawled under it in 1908 and discovered more.
		The trip sparked a childhood obsession with Floyd Collins, a cave explorer who died in 1925, trapped inside a nearby cave as newspapers chronicled for two weeks the unsuccessful efforts to rescue him.
		Through the years, his numerous cave tours - ''I bet I've done it thousands of times,'' he says - brought about a connection to another explorer, slave guide Stephen Bishop, who discovered and mapped out from 1839 to 1849 much of what is known about Mammoth Cave today.
	www.kypost.com /news/2000/poet062600.html (494 words)

	Poet Excavates a Slave's History In Kentucky's Mammoth Cave
		We hear from Stephen Bishop, a slave and well-known guide and explorer of the cave before the Civil War, and from Dr. John Croghan, the man who owned the cave and owned Bishop.
		Bishop tenderly observes how the doctor's ``projects grow, consume him --/ hotelier, surgeon, gentleman farmer --/ days when the light drains out of him.
		How Bishop died, how the ``paper-trail he left had vanished,'' is a local mystery McCombs does not even guess at.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2000/04/16/RV98367.DTL&type=printable (795 words)

	Mammoth Cave National Park Education Surface Activities
		Dixon Cave is speculated to have once been a part of Mammoth Cave, separated by the cave-in that created the Historic Entrance.
		Sand Cave gained fame in 1925 when cave explorer Floyd Collins became trapped and later died despite a massive rescue effort.
		Before Mammoth Cave became a National Park in 1941, the 52,000 acres that now comprise the park was the home to numerous farm families and small villages.
	www.nps.gov /maca/learnhome/kidsurface.htm (1349 words)

	CNN.com - Park ranger poet inspired by cavernous depths of Mammoth Cave - August 30, 2000
		The trip also sparked a childhood obsession with Floyd Collins, a famous cave explorer who died in 1925, trapped inside a nearby cave as newspapers chronicled for two weeks the unsuccessful efforts to rescue him.
		Through the years, his numerous cave tours -- "I bet I've done it thousands of times," he says -- caused a connection to another explorer: slave guide Stephen Bishop, who discovered and mapped out from 1839 to 1849 much of what is known about Mammoth Cave today.
		One grandfather was a teacher and cave guide and another, a lawyer and part-time farmer in Hart County who sold tobacco, baby ducks, kept bees and studied law at Duke with Richard Nixon.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/books/news/08/30/cave.poet.ap (1519 words)

	General Interest & History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This is a family story of America's most famous cave explorer who was trapped and died in Sand Cave in 1925.
		Emergence is the story of six women and a young girl who go on an overnight cave trip into Dragon's Den, A Virginia cave full of delicate formations, sinuous underground passages, and a 100-foot waterfall to a lower-level stream passage.
		Stephen, a slave, wants nothing more than a world where the color of his skin doesn't deny his humanity.
	www.caves.org /service/bookstore/general.html (1296 words)

	Roger Brucker - Author, Cave Explorer
		"Bishop, a slave, was a guide from 1838 to 1857, and he made a lot of the principal discoveries," Brucker says.
		In Beyond Mammoth Cave, Borden provides detailed accounts of the more recent cave expeditions in which he was involved.
		The popularity of caving is growing rapidly all over the United States, including the Dayton area.
	www.rogerbrucker.com /art_bmc_3_10_01.html (751 words)

	Stephen Bishop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		During the Underground Railroad Era, Bishop often used the cave to hide fugitive slaves who were on their way north to cross the Ohio River.
		The owner opened Mammoth Cave to local tourists a few years after its discovery, and for the rest of his life, Bishop was the tour guide.
		At Mammoth Cave there is a small plaque commemorating Stephen Bishop, the African America cave explorer, who is buried near the entrance to the cave.
	www.lwfaah.net /oh/hrb_sb.htm (322 words)

	PART IV WILDERNESS IN MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARK
		In the Briefing Statement, the Cave Research Foundation was given a fairly definite structure for its presentation and I intend to adhere to that structure; however, I believe it is important to preface my remarks with a statement of the goals and purposes of the Cave Research Foundation.
		Mammoth Cave National Park occupies a portion of the Mammoth Cave Plateau and the Hilly Country to the north of the Green River.
		The Cave Research Foundation has been asked to share with you “knowledge...concerning park management and development as it effects the cave ecosystems” (Peetz, 8 May 1967), and more specifically “to focus on what types of surface activities have or are most likely to have a deleterious effect on caves” (Briefing Statement).
	www.caves.org /section/ccms/Wild/PARTIVWI.htm (7984 words)

	Narrative Beginnings I V
		The main speaker throughout the book is the mapmaker and explorer Stephen Bishop, who lived from about 1820 to 1847.
		He was the slave of Dr. John Croghan, owner of Mammoth Caves for a decade prior to the American Civil War.
		The forward tells us that Bishop learned to write by smoking their names into ceilings of the cave.
	poetry.suite101.com /article.cfm/davismccombs (578 words)

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