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Topic: Stephen I of Constantinople

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	Constantinople
		Constantinople could not afford them out of normal revenue and hence the funds to pay for them had to be raised form abnormal taxation which crippled trade and industry of every kind - at the same time during which very heavy war taxation was to pay for Justinian's and Belisarius' campaigns.
		Then in AD 866 the Synod of Constantinople gave the imperial reply to their patriarch's excommunication by formulating the pronouncement which marked the irrevocable parting of the church in the east from the church in the west.
		Constantinople itself would most likely have fallen were not to have been for the stubborn resistance against the Ottoman Turks by the Slavonic states, and more so, by the devastating advance of Tamerlane in Central Asia.
	www.roman-empire.net /constant/constantinople.html (13388 words)

	POMOG - Complete List of Saints
		Martyrs Marcian and Martyrius the notaries of Constantinople.
		Stephen, abbot of the Kiev Caves and Bishop Vladimir in Volhynia.
		Synaxis of Saints of Volhynia: Saints Yaropolk, Stephen, Macarius, Igor and Juliana.
	www.pomog.org /saintlist.shtml (11250 words)

	St. Stephen
		Stephen met the insurgents himself, having prepared for battle by fasting, almsdeeds, and prayer, and invoking the aid of St. Martin of Tours, whom he had chosen as his patron.
		Stephen straightway had a number of the Magyars hanged along the frontier, as a warning that well-intentioned strangers must not be molested.
		Stephen died on the feast of the Assumption, 1038.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/STEPHEN.htm (1880 words)

	Children's Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stephen was born at Constantinople in the year 714.
		Stephen was thirty when the abbot of the monastery died, he was made the new abbot.
		Stephen was ordered to be hanged but the emperor decided that the saint should be scourged in the cell.
	friarsminor.org /xvii4-20.html (291 words)

	Byzantium
		Constantinople was a state-controlled, world trade center which enjoyed the continuous use of a money economy - in contrast to the localized systems found in the west.
		Constantinople could support a population of a million, at a time when it was difficult to find a city in Europe that could sustain more than 50,000.
		Constantinople was paralyzed by factional strife, and for the first time, an invading force captured the city and devastated it far more than the Turks would 250 years later.
	www.yasou.org /byzantium/byz.htm (10267 words)

	Great-Martyr Stephen Dechani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When Stephen came of age, his parents arranged that he marry the daughter of the Bulgarian King Smilatz, and the young couple were given the land of Zeta, where they settled until such a time as Stephen would be called to succeed his father to the throne.
		She convinced Milutin that Stephen wanted to seize the throne prematurely, and the deceived Milutin ordered that his son be captured, that he be blinded to ensure that he never again entertain such treachery, and that he be sent as a prisoner to Constantinople.
		In 1331, St. Stephen was taken prisoner to a fortress in the town of Zvecha and cruelly murdered (by some accounts he was hung, according to another he was drowned).
	www.roca.org /OA/128/128e.htm (1267 words)

	J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae Graecae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		PG 86a:Timothy of Constantinople, Theodorus, Procopius Deacon of Tyre, Theodorus Bishop of Scythopolitanus, Timothy of Hierosolymitanus, Timothy III of Alexandria, Theodosius of Alexandria, Eusebius of Alexandria, Eusebius of Emesenus, Gregentius of Tapharensis, Epiphanius of Contstantinople, Isaac of Ninivitanus, Barsanuphius of Palestine, Eustathius, Justinian, Agapetus, and Leontius Byzantinus.
		PG 98: Germanus Patriach of Constantinople, Cosmas of Jerusalem, Gregory II, Anonymus Becuccianus, Pantaleon Deacon of Constantinople, Adrian the Monk, Epiphanius Deacon of Catania, Pacomius the Monk, Philotheus the Monk, and Tarasius Patriarch of Constantinople
		PG 142: Georgius Cyprius, Athanasius Patriarch of Constantinople, and Nicephorus Blemmida
	phoenix.reltech.org /Migne.html (1510 words)

	calendar\03-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Flavian the Confessor, patriarch of Constantinople (449 - 450).
		Uncovering of the relics of the Holy Martyrs at the gate of Eugenius at Constantinople (395 - 423).
		Repose of Schemamonk Anthony the Gorge-dweller of Zelenchug Monastery in Kuban (1908).
	www.ausorthodox.com /03a-99.htm (1051 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Servia (Serbia)
		His brother Stephen Vladislav (1234-1243) could not maintain his power in the confusion caused by the incursion of the Mongols into the Balkan Peninsula, and was obliged to resign the throne to a more vigorous brother and content himself with the empty title of king.
		Stephen Urosch I the Great (1243-76) was victorious in a war with the city of Ragusa, the bishop of which was obliged, in 1254, to renounce all ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Servian territory.
		Stephen IV Urosch, was willing, in 1323, to unite with Rome and abandon the schism in order to secure the aid of Western Europe against the claims to the throne of his half-brother Vladislav; but this union with Rome was only of short duration.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13732a.htm (4866 words)

	Saints of December 26
		Stephen's feast was kept in both the East and West at least from the 4th century.
		Stephen's relics were taken to Jerusalem, the others left at Kafr Gamala, which is about 20 miles from the northern gate of Jerusalem.
		Stephen is also the patron of several French cathedrals including those at Sens, Bourges, and Toulouse (Farmer).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1226.htm (1692 words)

	Pope_Stephen_III
		The Lombards to the north of Rome had captured Ravenna, former capital of the Byzantine Empire exarchate, in 751, and began to put pressure on Rome.
		Stephen turned to Pepin the Short, Mayor of the Palace of the Kingdom of the Franks.
		Pepin took the opportunity to ask Stephen the question: "Who should be king of the Franks: the one with the title or the one with the power?" Stephen agreed that the one with the power should be King of the Franks.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Pope_Stephen_III (207 words)

	Councils of Constantinople
		Constantinople II was convoked by Justinian I in 553, to condemn the Nestorian writings called the "Three Chapters." Under the virtual tutelage of the emperor, the council proscribed Nestorianism and reconfirmed the doctrine that Christ's two natures, one human and one divine, are perfectly united in one person.
		Constantinople III was summoned by Constantine IV in 680-81 with the consent of Pope Agatho.
		The gathering in Constantinople of 150 Eastern bishops at the request of the Emperor Theodosius I was later regarded by the Council of Chalcedon (451) as the second great ecumenical council of the church.
	www.mb-soft.com /believe/txs/constant.htm (14167 words)

	Sack of Constantinople
		Stephen and St. James, as was the wood of the True Cross found by St. Helena.
		Constantinople fell after three days of the final, furious attack by land and by sea.
		Of the five sees extant after the Second Council, three of them: Antioch, Jerusalem and Constantinople all had been violated by the one which was accorded primacy, but which demanded supremacy.
	aggreen.net /church_history/1204_sack.html (2286 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Stephen (II) III
		Stephen at once sent envoys to both the rivals, and, impressing on Ratchis the duty of being true to his monastic vows, succeeded in bringing about peace, and preventing civil war.
		Stephen had scarcely established a system of government in the exarchate when he had to quell the rebellion of Sergius, Archbishop of Ravenna, whom he had made its governor.
		Stephen corresponded with the Emperor Constantine on the subject of the restoration of the sacred images, and himself restored many of the ancient churches of the city.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14288c.htm (669 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stephen was interested in the Patarines, a group that wanted to end simony and to enforce clerical celibacy, and convened a synod to address the issues.
		He hoped to end the schism with Constantinople that became final while he was papal legate there by uniting the sees against the Normans.
		Stephen died in 1058, while planning to finance a war against the Normans with the treasury of Monte Cassino.
	www2.evansville.edu /ECOLEWEB/glossary/stephenx.html (151 words)

	First Council of Constantinople - 381
		Then the council of Chalcedon mentioned the council of Constantinople as the immediate source of one of them, marked it out by a special name "the faith of the 150 fathers", which from that time onwards became its widely known title, and quoted it alongside the original simple form of the Nicene creed.
		Already from 382 onwards, in the synodical letter of the synod which met at Constantinople, the council of Constantinople was given the title of "ecumenical".
		We were equipped only for this stay in Constantinople and the bishops who remained in the provinces gave their agreement to this synod alone.
	www.piar.hu /councils/ecum02.htm (2656 words)

	AllRefer.com - Stephen Dusan (Yugoslavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Stephen Dusan[both: ste´fAn dOO´shAn] Pronunciation Key, c.1308–1355, king (1331–46) and czar (1346–55) of Serbia, son of Stephen Uros III.
		He later was involved in indecisive warfare against Bosnia and Louis I of Hungary, but in 1355, on the news of the fall of Emperor John VI, he decided to march on Constantinople.
		Stephen Dusan was one of the great conquerors in European history.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/StphnDs.html (318 words)

	SAINTS AND FEASTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His mother had prayed often to the most holy Theotokos in her church at Blachernae to be granted a son, and one day received a revelation from our Lady that she would conceive the son she desired.
		When the child was born, she named him Stephen, according to the prophecy of Saint Germanus.
		Stephen struggled in asceticism from his youth in Bithynia at the Monastery of Saint Auxentius, which was located at a lofty place called Mount Auxentius (see Feb. 14).
	www.goarch.org /en/Chapel/saints.asp?contentid=313 (628 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Stephen the Younger
		Soon after, the iconoclast movement became very active in the area, led by Emperor Constantine Copronynus V. The emperor tried to enlist Stephen in the movement, but he refused, and was exiled.
		Years later he returned, and to prove how important it was to respect icons and other religious art, Stephen went to the emperor, pulled out a coin that bore the emperor's likeness, threw it onto the floor, and stomped on it.
		On his release, Stephen returned to the court and resumed the argument as though nothing has happened.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saints20.htm (162 words)

	UCLA \| Armenian Studies \| Resources
		Until the sixth century, Armenians are present in Constantinople as a small and negligible minority, symbolized by Narses the cubicularios and famous general of Justinian I. From the seventh century on, they start to represent a significant military force and form a political network.
		He was active in Constantinople with the Western Armenian generation before the 1915 Catastrophe, then lived forty years in the Diaspora and finally went to die in Soviet Armenia.
		After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Fatih Sultan Mehmed II transferred there Armenian families from the inner provinces of the country and other places, who came to enlarge the Armenian community and to impart radiance to the new capital with their numerous virtues.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /history/centers/armenian/source111.html (10352 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, Armenia, and the East; Archbishops of Canterbury and Prince Archbishops of Mainz, Trier, Cologne, and Salzburg
		Stephen III was a Pope of great historical significance, and it should be possible to refer to him, or read about him, without confusion.
		Since Stephen II had a legitimate election, and has never been considered an Anti-Pope by anyone, it is especially inappropiate to create confusion with anyone after him.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (8673 words)

	Istanbul, Marble Intarsia with Saint Eudocia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The daughter of an Athenian philosopher, herself a poetess known by the pagan name Athenais, Eudocia, wife of Theodosius II (408-450), became a devout Christian and is remembered in the church on August 13 for having brought the chains of Saint Peter and the relics of Saint Stephen from Jerusalem to Constantinople.
		The matrix is white marble, into which colored pieces of marble, paste, and glass are set - pink for the flesh tones, yellow for the halo to imitate gold, dark red-brown for the garments suggesting the imperial purple, and green for the ornamental borders, with the extent of emeralds.
		Marble intarsia enjoyed its most flourishing period in the fourth to sixth centuries, a period rich in precious techniques of all kinds, and it was revived in Constantinople during the tenth century as a conscious recapturing of the luxury of those past centuries.
	www.wooster.edu /ART/pict-info.html (320 words)

	The Basic Sources of the Teachings of the Eastern Orthodox Church
		The bishops at the Synod in Constantinople formulated the correct teaching concerning the Holy Spirit, that He was not created, but proceeds from the Father and is sent by the Son.
		Encyclical of the Synod in Constantinople in 1722 to the Orthodox Antiochians.
		Encyclicals of the Patriarchate of Constantinople referring to the Ecumenical Movement of the Churches in 1920 and 1952.
	www.goarch.org /en/ourfaith/articles/article7064.asp (3696 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Walls Of Constantinople Ad 324-1453 (Fortress) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The walls of Constantinople are the greatest surviving example of European medieval military architecture in the world.
		In the chapter entitled "The walls of Constantinople under siege" we meet many of the forces that tried at one time or another to conquer the city and bring it under their control.
		Constantinople is an interesting side note to the Crusades and it also plays an important part in the history.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/184176759X?v=glance (1701 words)

	Third Council of Constantinople : 680-681 A. D.
		Legates of the pope took this profession to Constantinople, arriving at the beginning of September 680.
		On 10 September 680 the emperor issued an edict to Patriarch George of Constantinople, ordering a council of bishops to be convoked.
		The council assembled on 7 November in the hall of the imperial palace in Constantinople.
	www.piar.hu /councils/ecum06.htm (687 words)

	St. Stephen's Day/Ireland and the Wren
		Stephen is shown vested as a deacon, holding a book or a palm; or carrying stones; or with stones resting on his book of the Gospels; or with stones gathered in the folds of his
		Stephen is as much to say in Greek as crowned, and in Hebrew example to other for to suffer.
		Saint Stephen was one of the seven deacons in the ministry of the apostles.
	www.geocities.com /Paris/LeftBank/9314/stevewren.html (12537 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Fifth Ecumenical Council: Constantinople II, 553
		Moreover we know that the manuscript kept in the patriarchal archives at Constantinople had been tampered with during the century that elapsed before the next Ecumenical Synod, for at that council the forgeries and interpolations were exposed by the Papal Legates.
		Theodosius, 150 at Constantinople, Theodosius the younger, the Synod of Ephesus, the Emperor Marcian, the bishops at Chalcedon.
		Nones of May, at Constantinople, in the xxviith year of the reign of the imperial lord Justinian, the perpetual Augustus, and in the xiith year after the consulate of the most illustrious Basil.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/const2.html (7774 words)

	calendar04-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hieromartyr Basil of Ancyra, St. Isaac, founder of the Dalmatian Monastery at Constantinople.
		Stephen the Wonderworker, abbot of Tryglia, Martyrs Jonah and Barachisius and those with them in Persia: Zanithas, Lazarus, Maruthas (Marocas), Narses, Elias, Marinus (Mares), Abibus, Sembeech (Sivsithina), and Sabbas.
		St. Stephen the Wonderworker, monk.) Appearance of the Iberian (Iveron) Icon of the Most HolyTheotokos.
	www.ausorthodox.com /04-99.htm (930 words)

	St Stephen of Sourozh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		St Stephen the Confessor, Archbishop of Sourozh, was a native of Cappadocia and was educated at Constantinople.
		Under the iconoclast emperor Leo III the Isaurian (716-741), St Stephen underwent tortures and imprisonment in Constantinople, from which he emerged after the death of the emperor.
		The icon contains a relic of St Stephen which was rescued from destruction by believers in Russia during the years of persecution and was sent by them as a gift to our diocese.
	www.sourozh.org /stephen.htm (211 words)

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