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Topic: Stephen I of Hungary

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	Stephen I of Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to Hungarian tradition, Pope Silvester II sent a magnificent jeweled gold crown to Stephen (which became the symbol of Hungary with the name of Holy Crown) along with an apostolic cross and a letter of blessing in the beginning of January, 1001 to officially recognize him as a Christian king of Europe.
		Stephen divided Hungary up into 50 counties, and continued the work of his father Geza by applying the decimal organizational system of his ancestors and setting up ten dioceses in Hungary, ordering every ten villages to erect one church and maintain a priest.
		Stephen was canonized by the Vatican as Saint Stephen of Hungary in 1083.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/st/stephen_i_of_hungary.html (936 words)

	Stephen I of Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stephen and Gizella had at least three children; we know the names of the sons Imre (Henry or Emeric) and Ottó (Otto) and the daughter Hedvig (Hedwig).
		Between 995 and 997, Stephen (under the name "Vajk") was the prince of Nitra (a Slovak Christian center and the capital of the Nitrian principality in present day south-western Slovakia) and was living in Nitra together with his wife.
		According to Hungarian tradition, Pope Silvester II sent a magnificent jeweled gold crown to Stephen (which became the symbol of Hungary under the name of the Holy Crown) along with an apostolic cross and a letter of blessing in the beginning of January, 1001 to officially recognize him as a Christian king of Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary (1046 words)

	Hungary. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hungary borders on Slovakia in the north, on Ukraine in the northeast, on Romania in the east, on Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia and Montenegro in the south, and on Austria in the west.
		Hungary’s economy underwent difficult readjustment in the 1990s, as it moved from producing goods chiefly for export to the USSR to developing a market-based economy and finding new trading partners.
		The authoritarian domestic policies of the premiers Stephen Bethlen and Julius Gombos and their successors safeguarded the power of the upper classes, ignored the demand for meaningful land reform, and encouraged anti-Semitism.
	www.bartleby.com /65/hu/Hungary.html (3173 words)

	Saint Stephen of Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Stephen, István in Hungarian, was born at Esztergom in 975.
		Stephen, a Magyar who was baptised as a child in 985, founded the free nation of Hungary, and his crown was sent to him by Pope Sylvester II, along with a double-barred processional cross, a symbol of hierarchy.
		Stephen of Hungary parish in Manhattan wearing the famous crown, which was captured by the U.S. Army during World War II and returned to Hungary in 1978.
	hungary.topcities.com /ststephen2.html (3995 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Kingdom of Hungary, or "Realm of the Crown of St. Stephen", situated between 14º 25' and 26º 25' E. longitude, and between 44º 10' and 49º 35' N. latitude, includes, besides Hungary Proper and Transylvania, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and a territory known as the Military Frontier.
		Stephen's victory was also followed by the coming of large numbers of German, French, and Italian ecclesiastics to Hungary, which greatly aided the spread of Christianity.
		It was encouraged by the existing political conditions of Hungary: the dispute over the succession, with the accompanying civil war; the lack of a properly educated Catholic clergy; the transfer of a large amount of church land to the laity; and the claims made by both aspirants to the throne upon the episcopal domains.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07547a.htm (12377 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 997, Stephen succeeded his father as governor of the Magyars, and in the year 1000, he was crowned King of Hungary.
		Stephen established several monasteries in his realm and by the time of his death there were eight dioceses and two archdioceses in Hungary, the primary see being at Esztergom.
		Stephen was a man who could be ruthless toward injustice, but he was a man of faith and conviction.
	www.christdesert.org /public_graphics/martyrology/names/s/stephen_of_hungary.txt (503 words)

	SAINT STEPHEN OF HUNGARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But when sanctity showed itself in Saint Stephen of Hungary, in royal garments and soldier's gear, it was because he had chosen the most powerful ally of all.
		The son of a Magyar prince nominally converted to Christianity at his marriage with the Catholic sister of the duke of Poland, Stephen was baptized with his father and succeeded him in 997 as ruler of the Magyars.
		Stephen was an approachable king, dispensing alms, in disguise, to his poorer subjects.
	www.stfrancisvernon.org /ststephenh.htm (362 words)

	AllRefer.com - Stephen Bocskay (Austria And Hungary, History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Stephen then acknowledged Sultan Ahmed I as his suzerain, but refused his offer of recognition as king of Hungary.
		In 1606 he negotiated with Archduke (later Holy Roman Emperor) Matthias a treaty at Vienna legalizing the partition of Hungary among the Hapsburgs (as kings), the sultan, and the prince of Transylvania.
		Stephen was recognized as prince of Transylvania but died soon afterward, perhaps by poisoning.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Bocskay.html (309 words)

	St. Stephen
		Hungary was still without ecclesiastical organization, and Stephen now founded the archbishopric of Gran, with five dioceses under it, and later the archbishopric of Kalocsa, with three dioceses.
		Stephen straightway had a number of the Magyars hanged along the frontier, as a warning that well-intentioned strangers must not be molested.
		Stephen died on the feast of the Assumption, 1038.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/STEPHEN.htm (1880 words)

	Stephen II of Hungary Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Kingdom of Hungary was established in 1000 by Stephen of HungaryKing St. Stephen I.
		Hungary was partially demolished with a great loss of life in 1241–1242 by Mongol armies of the Golden Horde.
		Hungary's landscape consists mostly of the flat to rolling plains of the Carpathian Basin, with hills and lower mountains to the north along the Slovakian border (highest point: the Kékes at 1,014 m).
	www.echostatic.com /Stephen_II_of_Hungary.html (1923 words)

	Hungary - Politics and Society under Stephen's Successors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Stephen died in 1038 and was canonized in 1083.
		By the reign of Bela III (1173-96), Hungary was one of the leading powers in southeastern Europe, and in the thirteenth century Hungary's nobles were trading gold, silver, copper, and iron with western Europe for luxury goods.
		The Mongols reduced Hungary's towns and villages to ashes and slaughtered half the population before news arrived in 1242 that the Great Khan Ogotai had died in Karakorum.
	countrystudies.us /hungary/7.htm (577 words)

	Hungary Stephen I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Stephen (997-1038) became chieftain when Geza died, and he consolidated his rule by ousting rival clan chiefs and confiscating their lands.
		Stephen ordered the people to pay tithes and required every tenth village to construct a church and support a priest.
		Stephen donated land to support bishoprics and monasteries, required all persons except the clergy to marry, and barred marriages between Christians and pagans.
	www.country-studies.com /hungary/stephen-i.html (362 words)

	History of HUNGARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In his long reign Stephen transforms Hungary from a cattle-breeding, tribal and largely pagan community to an agricultural, feudal and Christian state.
		To the east and the south Hungary's borders fluctuate, resulting in friction from time to time with the Byzantine empire and with Venice - the other major powers seeking control of the Balkans.
		The nobles of Hungary demand from Andrew II the Golden Bull of 1222 (just seven years after Magna Carta) which stands as a charter of liberties.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab87 (819 words)

	Stephen I of Hungary : Vajk
		According to Hungarian tradition, Pope Silvester II sent a magnificent jeweled gold crown to Stephen along with an apostolic cross[?] and a letter of blessing in the beginning of January, 1001 to officially recognize him as a Christian king of Europe.
		He often disguised himself as a peasant whenever he traveled, and freely gave money to any poor people he met (in one account, Stephen was beaten and robbed by a group of beggars he was giving alms to, but he forgave them and spared their lives).
		He intended to retire to a life of holy contemplation and hand the kingdom over to his only son Emeric[?] (Imre), but in 1031 Emeric[?] was wounded in an unfortunate hunting accident and died.
	www.fastload.org /va/Vajk.html (911 words)

	Hungary History, Budapest History
		During the tumultuous thousand year history of Hungary and the Central European Region, rulers came and went and empires rose and fell, but Hungary's distinctive charms have never waned nor its welcome ever been less than genuine.
		The kingdom and nation of Hungary was born.
		Stephen, Hungary's first king said: "Therefore I command you my son, to extend a benevolent protection and respect towards newcomers, so that they would rather stay with you instead of settling somewhere else."
	gotohungary.com /history (474 words)

	Saints of August 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Vaik (baptized Istvan or Stephen) and his father, the duke of Geza, were baptized the same day in 985 by Saint Adalbert of Prague.
		Stephen's relics were solemnly enshrined in the Church of Our Lady (Buda) in 1083 at the same time as those of his son Saint Emeric by order of Pope Saint Gregory VII (Attwater, Benedictines, Delaney, Farmer, Walsh, White).
		Stephen is the patron saint of Hungary (Roeder).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0816.htm (2346 words)

	Mario Falzon. Spas in Budapest, Hungary. Hotels, Spa Treatments, Hot Springs.
		The history of Hungary starts with Prince Geza, a member of the Arpad Dynasty who aided by the Holy Roman Emperor was able to transform the pagan Magyar tribes into a nation.
		When King Stephen died, however, there was internal unrest which unstabilized the nation and made Hungary liable to constant invasion from its neighbouring countries.
		Buda castle was taken by the Turks in 1541; Hungary was divided, the Turks dominating the central region while the Habsburgs of Austria were assigned to the west.
	www.azimuthtravel.us /mario_800history.html (609 words)

	The Hungarian Pagan Revolt of 1046 and the Martyrdom of Bishop Gellért
		They fled Hungary before Stephen's death to avoid a possible attempt on their lives, and went to Bohemia, then to Poland, where Béla married the daughter of the Polish monarch.
		King Stephen I of Hungary was so impressed by the preaching of the talented young Gellért, that he entrusted him with the tutoring of the 8 year-old Prince Imre.
		After King Stephen I appointed him the bishop of Csanád and asked him to organize the diocese, Gellért went to preach the Gospel of Christ to the pagans in Transylvania (the western part of modern Romania).
	www.cryingvoice.com /Christianity/HunGellert.html (1635 words)

	Lives of the Saints, September 2, Saint Stephen, King of Hungary
		The fourth Duke of the Huns of Hungary, by the name of Geysa, was converted to the Faith and baptized with his wife and several ministers.
		When Saint Stephen was about to die, he summoned the bishops and nobles, and told them to choose his successor.
		He urged them to nurture and cherish the Catholic Church, which was still a tender plant in Hungary, to follow justice, humility, and charity, to be obedient to the laws, and to show at all times a reverent submission to the Holy See.
	magnificat.ca /cal/engl/09-02.htm (628 words)

	Saint Stephen of Hungary
		Vajk had been given the Christian name Stephen, or István in Hungarian, early in his life and it was this man who was to become Hungary's first king.
		It was here that he installed Hungary's chief bishop who had dominion over five of the ten bishoprics in Hungary.
		His most important contribution, though, was to bring to Hungary the status of a nation.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b2stephenawns.htm (733 words)

	STEPHEN GÁL: HUNGARY AND THE ANGLO-SAXON WORLD
		In those days the King of Hungary was still at the height of his power, and the kings of England and of France solicited his intervention in his capacity of ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
		The ablest public men of that age, Stephen Széchenyi, Nicholas Wesselényi, Francis Kölcsey and Transylvania's political leaders were all fired with a desire to visit America, and were only prevented from carrying out their design by the impediments placed in their way by the Viennese Government or, in some cases, by lack of funds.
		The first links between Hungary and American scientific circles were forged by the men who played a part in the Hungarian age of reform and in the war of liberation.
	www.elib.hu /02000/02096/html/saxon.htm (8037 words)

	The Hungary Page - The Arms, St. Stephen & the Crown, and Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		István), Hungary's first Christian King, receiving his crown from the Pope in 1000 A.D. The stripes on the heraldic right side represent the 7 Hungarian (Magyar) tribes who established Hungary in the Carpathian basin in the 9th century.
		Stephen's crown sits atop the arms with its crooked cross, which according to legend, broke after the death of the great renaissance King, Matthias Corvinus - Mátyás Király.
		St. Stephen was a member of the original Árpád Dynasty which established Hungary in the Carpathian Basin in the year 896.
	www.webenetics.com /hungary/intro.htm (615 words)

	The Annotated "St. Stephen"
		A deconstruction of "Saint Stephen" by Dave Blackburn.
		Stephen (from the Greek for 'crown') was a Hellenist, one of the Greek-speaking Jews of the Diaspora...." He was the first ordained by the Apostles as one of seven deacons.
		A very interesting discussion regarding the possible identity of St. Stephen as Stephen Gaskin is to be found on the "Deadlit" conference, topic 84, on the WELL.
	arts.ucsc.edu /GDead/AGDL/stephen.html (1670 words)

	STEPHEN I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Saint Stephen I was the first king of Hungary.
		Stephen, a member of the Magyar Arpad dynasty, united the princes of Hungary and became thus the founder of the Hungarian state.
		On Christmas Day in the year 1000 he was anointed king of Hungary and is said to have received the famous crown of St.Stephen from Pope Sylvester II.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/ppersons4_n2/stephen1.html (59 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Stephen of Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Stephen united the Magyars into a single nation, suppressing revolts led by pagan nobles.
		Father of Saint Emeric; brought Saint Gerard Sagredo to tutor his son.
		bricklayers, death of children, Hungary, kings, masons, stone masons, stonecutters
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saints11.htm (234 words)

	St. Stephen's Day Festivities in Hungary
		Stephen's Day became Hungary's national day, and stayed that way until 1945, when, on account of its religious and patriotic content, it was prohibited by the Communists.
		It is impossible to overlook the sarcasm of the Communists: they celebrated the Communist republic instead of the Christian kingdom, and the new bread — atheism — instead of the Bread of Life, Jesus Christ.
		Unfortunately, this march is only allowed to proceed on some side streets, while the pagan members of the Gay Pride Parade and the Love Parade can march in all their “glory” on the main avenues of the city.
	www.cryingvoice.com /Picture_3.html (323 words)

	church2
		Stephen King of Hungary Church is the only Roman Catholic Church in four states (Iowa, Wisconsin,Illinois, Missouri) that celebrates mass in Hungarian every Sunday at 10am.
		The image of St. Stephen, (left) is one of the many stained glass windows donated to the church over the years and currently graces the inside of the church proper on the west wall along with many others.
		Magyar was the parish pastor the longest of any of St. Stephen's pastors from 1938 to 1974.
	members.core.com /~mcsiki/church.html (154 words)

	Hungary
		Kings were elected until the Habsburg takeover after the 150-year Turkish war and occupation of central Hungary that destroyed much of Hungary's wealth and population.
		Hungarians tried to break the Austrian yoke in the 18th (the Rákóczy fight) and again in the 19th century (Kossuth), only to be stopped short of their goal of total independence as Austria was supported by a Russian imperial government who also feared democracy.
		Budapest, a city on the Danube, is the capital of Hungary.
	www.ddavid.com /alongdesire/hungary1.htm (640 words)

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