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	Stepper motor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A stepper motor is a brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number of steps, for example, 200 steps.
		Stepper motors are rated by the torque they produce.
		Computer-controlled stepper motors are one of the most versatile forms of positioning systems, particularly when digitally controlled as part of a servo system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stepper_motor (814 words)

	Stepper Motor Experiments
		Stepper motors are most commonly controlled by microprocessors or custom controller ICs and the current is often switched by stepper motor driver ICs or power transistors.
		Stepper motors have become quite abundant and are available in all shapes and sizes from many surplus dealers.
		To make a stepper motor spin in one direction current is passed through one winding, then the other, then through the first winding with the opposite polarity, then the second with flipped polarity, too.
	www.techlib.com /electronics/stepper.html (1415 words)

	Stepper Motor Robot-Controller
		Stepper motors let the armature catch the carrot, and they magnetically lock the armature into each position.
		The stepper motor controller rapidly distributes precisely timed bursts of electricity to the different coils of the stepper motor and provides the timing to control the speed.
		The program includes routines for quickly moving the motor in either direction, moving it to a given point, keeping track of the stage position, adjusting speeds, signalling when a move is complete and moving from point to point.
	www.atarimagazines.com /v5n8/StepperMotorRobotControl.html (2067 words)

	Stepper Motors
		Stepper motor manufacturers as well as end-users of stepper motors benefit greatly from the ability to measure and analyze the characteristics of a stepper motor/driver.
		The measurements below were obtained by connecting an encoder to the shaft of a stepper motor, and monitoring the encoder and stepper-motor indexer signals using the Stepper Motor Dynamics Analyzer.
		This inaccuracy is influenced by the construction of the motor, the load it is driving, and the driver attached to motor.
	www.euclidres.com /apps/stepper_motor/stepper.html (634 words)

	Step Motors Reference Guide
		Microstepping is a relatively new stepper motor technology that controls the current in the motor winding to a degree that further subdivides the number of positions between poles.
		Motor windings, using a bipolar chopper driver, are energized to the full supply level by turning on one set (top and bottom) of the switching transistors.
		A stand-alone stepper motor control system is often packaged with a driver and/or power supply and optional encoder feedback for "closed loop" applications that require stall detection and exact motor position compensation.
	www.ams2000.com /stepping101.html (2356 words)

	Stepper Motor
		The purpose of this lab is to control a stepper motor, with instructions received from the PC via a serial communication link to the 8051.
		Stepper motors are often used in conjunction with microcontrollers to provide precisely controlled motor power.
		Stepper motors are devices that rotate a precise number of degrees for each "step" applied, as opposed to regular motors, which simply rotate continuously when power is applied.
	esd.cs.ucr.edu /labs/stepper/stepper.html (340 words)

	stepper motor - a definition from Whatis.com
		A stepper motor is a special type of electric motor that moves in increments, or steps, rather than turning smoothly as a conventional motor does.
		When the coils of a stepper motor receive current, the rotor shaft turns to a certain position and then stays there unless or until different coils are energized.
		Stepper motors have been used in computer hard drives, because they can be moved and positioned with precision.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci812430,00.html (278 words)

	LAB #8: CPLD-CONTROLLED STEPPER MOTOR
		They are called steppers because they rotate in steps of a few degrees for each pulse of voltage applied to one or more of their terminals.
		Stepper motors are controlled by a sequence of pulses applied to their terminals and therefore lend themselves to easy interfacing with digital circuits including microprocessors that can generate such pulses but require more complex circuitry (such as a digital to analog converter) to generate variable voltages necessary to control other types of motors.
		Motors typically require large currents to energize their windings to a level sufficient to cause rotor motion.
	www.uwf.edu /mkhabou/EEL4712C/labs/lab8.htm (588 words)

	Jones on Stepping Motor Types
		Motor winding number 1 is distributed between the top and bottom stator pole, while motor winding number 2 is distributed between the left and right motor poles.
		To use a bifilar motor as a unipolar motor, the two wires of each winding are connected in series and the point of connection is used as a center-tap.
		The question of the correct operating voltage for a bipolar motor run as a unipolar motor, or for a bifilar motor with the motor windings in series is not as trivial as it might first appear.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~jones/step/types.html (2453 words)

	STMicroelectronics \| STEPPER MOTOR DRIVING
		A stepper motor moves one step when the direction of current flow in the field coil(s) changes, reversing the magnetic field of the stator poles.
		This is due to the fact that the rotor of the motor, and the changing magnetic field of the stator forms a springmass-system that may be stimulated to vibrate.
		The motor works with poor resonance and a double position resolution at a torque, that is almost the same as that of the fullstep.
	www.st.com /stonline/books/ascii/docs/1679.htm (4025 words)

	AMCI : What Is A Stepper Motor?
		All of the commutation must be handled externally by the motor controller, and typically, the motors and controllers are designed so that the motor may be held in any fixed position as well as being rotated one way or the other.
		Most steppers, as they are also known, can be stepped at audio frequencies, allowing them to spin quite quickly, and with an appropriate controller, they may be started and stopped "on a dime" at controlled orientations.
		For example, the repeatability of positioning done with a stepping motor depends on the geometry of the motor rotor, while the repeatability of positioning done with a servomotor generally depends on the stability of the encoder and other components in the feedback circuit.
	www.amci.com /resources/what-is-a-stepper-motor.asp (609 words)

	TRU Group - Hybrid Stepper Motor Drive Controller Market Study
		is a stepper motor drive controller that boosts stepper motor performance to that achieved by a servomotor while maintaining all the functionality and simplicity of a conventional stepper motor drive system.
		Both the stepper and servo motor segments are mature and are projected to grow at a rate on average of only 2% per annum between 2005 and 2008.
		As stepper drives are phasing out step and direction inputs in favor of motion libraries and ethernet interfaces, future retrofits might look at the third solution, but today, the first two retrofit solutions seem to be most likely.
	trugroup.com /steppermotordrive.html (1281 words)

	Jones on Stepping Motors
		Typically, all windings in the motor are part of the stator, and the rotor is either a permanent magnet or, in the case of variable reluctance motors, a toothed block of some magnetically soft material.
		For example, the repeatability of positioning done with a stepping motor depends on the geometry of the motor rotor, while the repeatability of positioning done with a servomotor generally depends on the stability of the potentiometer and other analog components in the feedback circuit.
		Stepping motors are known in German as Schrittmotoren, in French as moteurs pas à pas, and in Spanish as motor paso paso.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~jones/step (729 words)

	Stepper Motor / Web Cam Controller
		Here is a basic stepper motor application that uses the parallel port pins 2 through 9 (pin 25 is ground) to control a stepper motor (must install the port95NT.exe program first).
		When that external power is applied to one leg of the stepper motor, the armature will turn due to the stationary magnet being attracted by the electromagnet that was just switched on.
		Usually stepper motors have 4 wires and a ground wire, so those 4 wires turn on the electromagnets corresponding to a relative N, E, S and West.
	home.att.net /~rex51/Computer/StepperMotor.htm (535 words)

	Code: Stepper Motor Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A stepper motor is a motor controlled by a series of electromagnetic coils.
		The unipolar stepper motor has five or six wires and four coils (actually two coils divided by center connections on each coil).
		Because both unipolar and bipolar stepper motors are controlled by the same stepping sequence, we can use the same microcontroller code to control either one.
	www.tigoe.net /pcomp/code/archives/picbasic_pro/000245.shtml (1220 words)

	Arrick Robotics --- The difference between Stepper Motors, Servos, and RC Servos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Around the body of the motor is a series of coils that create a magnetic field that interacts with the permanet magnets.
		Most stepper motor control systems will have a home switch associated with each motor that will allow the software to determine the starting or reference "home" position.
		Attach that motor to the wheel of a robot and watch the robot move noting the speed.
	www.robotics.com /motors.html (643 words)

	NetMotion stepper motors and servo motor advisory and applications
		Stepper motors are permanent magnetic motors that 'step' one increment each time the computer gives its control electronics one pulse.
		Stepper motors generally are just as accurate as servos and are simpler and more reliable and maintenance free in harsh dusty applications.
		The label motor moves at line speed until the complete label is applied, and then decelerates to a stop and waits for the next bottle.
	www.netmotion.com /htm_files/adv_motors.htm (985 words)

	EOL Surplus - Motion Control and Positioning Equipment For Sale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Stepper motor, 200 Steps/Rev., 2.3v 0.7A, NEMA 17 frame size, approximately 1-5/8" square x 1-5/16" long, 3/16" x 1/2" shaft has an easily removed cog belt gear on it.
		Stepper Motor, 200 Steps/Rev, 35 oz/in, 1/4" shaft, 1.3 V @ 3.8 A, NEMA 23.
		There is a motor mount for a NEMA 17 motor and a helical coupling to connect the motor shaft to the leadscrew.
	eolsurplus.com /StepperAndServoMotors.html (4040 words)

	Stepper Motor
		A good tutorial about stepper motors on line is written by Douglas W. Jones.
		In the most simple situation stepper motors are used in full-step mode (that's the stepsize specified in the datasheet of the stepper motor), activating just 1 winding at a time.
		After the number of motors and their hardware connection is specified, the accelaration-table is declared, which will be expanded by JALcc into the correct tables and variables.
	oase.uci.kun.nl /~mientki/data_www/pic/projects/pic_stepper_motors.html (1200 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Floppy Disk Drives Work"
		Drive Motor: A very small spindle motor engages the metal hub at the center of the diskette, spinning it at either 300 or 360 rotations per minute (RPM).
		Stepper Motor: This motor makes a precise number of stepped revolutions to move the read/write head assembly to the proper track position.
		The read/write head assembly is fastened to the stepper motor shaft.
	computer.howstuffworks.com /floppy-disk-drive2.htm (756 words)

	Stepper Motor Motion Control
		Stepper motors are incremental actuators that can run in open-loop mode with sufficient accuracy.
		While stepper motors have this advantage, it is necessary to address issues related to motor instability, loss of synchronism and high vibration levels in the design of stepper motor systems.
		Torque-balance method is used in modeling the stepper motor and generating a step-state sequence.
	www.mit.edu /people/shorya/MS/stepper.htm (715 words)

	Stepper Motor Drives- Developer Zone - National Instruments
		The stepper motor system consists of a translator circuit that receives a signal that includes the number of steps and the direction.
		The motor must be a bipolar type so that current can be reversed in the second segment of the winding to get the motor to ran in the reverse direction.
		When the motor decelerates, the voltage that is generated by the stepper motor rotor will exceed the reference voltage, which will turn on transistor TR2.
	zone.ni.com /devzone/cda/ph/p/id/246 (1164 words)

	Stepper Motor Controller Connection Diagrams
		The wires from the Logic PCB connector to the stepper motor in a TM100 Disk Drive are as follows
		This is more than adequate to control a four phase unipolar stepper motor such as the KP4M4-001.
		A disadvantage of this method is that you cannot half-step the motor.
	www.doc.ic.ac.uk /~ih/doc/stepper/control2/connect.html (703 words)

	Stepper Motor Housing Motor Frame Deep Draw Forming Stamping
		Through the years, these stepper motor housing parts became smaller and smaller with the miniaturization of electronics products.
		The motor housing diameters decreased from 40mm-30mm(1983), 25mm-20mm(1986), 15mm-10mm(1990), 8mm(2001) to 4mm(2005).
		The increasingly smaller stepper motor housing pushed our continuous improvement in die design and manufacturing capability for lower tolerance requirement.
	www.suwaprecision.com /DieStamping/motorhousing.html (226 words)

	Synchron, Stepper, DC Motors by Hansen Motor
		Hansen designs and manufactures a wide range of precision electric motors that are shipped to clients all over the world, from low-volume producers to the biggest names in the industry.
		The power of Synchron™ is widely used in the HVAC and P-O-P industries, and wherever there are synchronous timing motors, clock movements and slip ring assemblies in motion.
		Our DC Electric Motors are powerhouses in the automotive, office machine, medical, and computer peripheral industries.
	www.hansen-motor.com (151 words)

	Xerox Technology - Stepper Motor Control
		Xerox Stepper Motor Control technology offers a significant incremental enhancement in a market where companies are straining to increase product value-add and to make improvements to maintain market share.
		With Xerox stepper motor control technology, there is no need for designers to develop customized designs or to rely upon application notes to squeeze the maximum performance from existing hardware.
		An 80% reduction in control circuit power dissipation is achieved in typical stepper motor driver circuits when this patented technology is used.
	www.xeroxtechnology.com /stepper (296 words)

	Stepper Motors - Stepper Motor Drivers - Multi Axis Stepper Motor Controllers - Motion Controllers
		TMG designs stepper motor drivers,standard motion controllers and motion control products.OEM single and multi axis stepper motor controllers and application specific multi axis stepper motor controllers.
		It has detailed info on stepper motors properties and how They are built.
		TMG is a stocking distributor of single and multi axis stepper motor controllers, stepper motor drivers and a complete selection of NEMA frame stepper motors.
	www.motiongroup.com (298 words)

	The SSC1 Stepper Motor Control System
		Stepper motor motion is performed by the SSC1 interface in the foreground while it receives commands from your computer in the background.
		Stepper motor exerciser programs written in QuickBasic and Visual Basic are provided as a tool to help you get started with your own application program.
		If you are interested in learning more about stepper motors and how they are controlled then I suggest reading Control of Stepping Motors, a tutorial published on the internet by Douglas W. Jones from the University of Iowa Department of Computer Science.
	www.eggertelectronics.com /SSC1Info.htm (1083 words)

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