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Topic: Stereotactic surgery

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	CPMC Neurosurgery - Stereotactic Neurosurgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Stereotactic guidance was used to increase the accuracy of the lesion produced.
		Stereotactic techniques are also employed to determine the exact location of a skull opening, known as a craniotomy, in order to remove lesions within the brain.
		The Department of Neurological Surgery is staffed by a group of nine board-certified neurosurgeons who are all familiar with the techniques of stereotactic neurosurgery.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/nsg/NSGCPMC/specialties/stereotact.html (1115 words)

	Stereotactic Surgery - Education & Research - APDA, Washington Chapter
		Ablative surgery is the term used to describe the type of surgery where a small region of the brain is actually destroyed by heating or freezing.
		In PD surgery, the term "lesion" is used for the part of the brain intentionally destroyed by surgery.
		Stereotactic surgery for PD is meant to work as adjunct therapy together with medications for relief of PD symptoms.
	www.waparkinsons.org /edu_research/articles/Stereotactic_Surgery.html (1329 words)

	Stereotactic Breast Biopsy
		The stereotactic core biopsy and excision biopsy diagnoses were: invasive ductal carcinomas (39 on stereotactic core biopsy vs. 33 on excision biopsy), mucinous carcinomas (1 vs. 2), invasive lobular carcinomas (3 vs, 8), and in situ carcinomas (8 vs. 8), two of which had invasive cancer present only in the stereotactic core biopsy.
		Stereotactic core biopsy is a reliable alternative to excision biopsy in the diagnosis of breast cancer, however, stereotactic core biopsy may underestimate tumour grade in invasive ductal carcinoma and may not differentiate between invasive ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma.
		Carcinoma was diagnosed at stereotactic biopsy in 51 (38%) lesions.
	www.foxhall.com /stereota.htm (4302 words)

	Sabbatini, R.M.E.: Stereotactic Neurosurgery
		Stereotactic surgery was made possible by the invention of an apparatus by the British surgeon
		Then, the head of the patient is firmly placed into the stereotactic apparatus, by using pre-determined points of reference in the bone structures of the head.
		Now a straight probe, which can be a metallic electrode or a hollow cannula, is attached to the stereotactic apparatus and inserted into the brain, passing through the hole, until it reaches the calculated spot in the middle of the brain.
	www.cerebromente.org.br /n02/historia/stereotactic.htm (539 words)

	Stereotactic Surgery
		These are all "stereotactic" surgeries, which means that a special frame is attached to the head for the operation.
		Stereotactic surgery requires only a small incision and a hole less than 1/2 inch in diameter to be made in the skull.
		At UVA, a Parkinson’s Disease patient having stereotactic surgery is admitted the day of the procedure, a localizing frame is attached to the patient's head and an MRI scan is performed.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/neurosurgery/stereotactic-surgery.cfm (1473 words)

	FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY PROGRAM Parkinson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Stereotactic Surgeries Three surgeries: thalamotomy, pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation are accepted in the treatment of movement disorders.
		The surgeries are performed in the MR suite, and an "open MR" scanner is used to verify the surgery while the patient is still in the operating room.
		Stereotactic surgery requires only a small incision and a hole less than 1/2 inch in diameter to be made in the skull.
	neurosurgery.ucla.edu /Programs/Functional/parkinsons_surgery.html (2141 words)

	Brain Tumors
		Stereotactic biopsy, however, can be used to better assess the risk/benefit ratio of a resection and stereotactic third ventriculostomy can be used for the management of obstructive hydrocephalus due to pineal region tumors.
		Stereotactic targets are selected from the stereotactic CT scan in the intrapeduncular cistern in the midline, midway between the basilar artery and the dorsum sellae and in the foramen of Monro.
		Stereotactic biopsy revealed pinealoblastoma and she underwent a course of chemotherapy which resulted in a 30% reduction in the size of the lesion.
	www.med.nyu.edu /neurosurgery/subspecialty/braintumors_3.html (3423 words)

	Cyber Museum of Neurosurgery
		The first human stereotactic instrument was developed for the coagulation of the dorsal median nucleus of the thalamus in patients with severe psychiatric illness in order to provide a less traumatic alternative to the more destructive frontal lobotomies that were popular at that time.
		In order to effectively us a stereotactic apparatus, especially for functional stereotactic surgery, it is necessary to know the relationship between the landmarks and any given anatomical target and to know how much these measurements vary in a patient population.
		By majority vote, "stereotactic", combining the Latin root "to touch" rather than "steroetaxic" from the Greek root for an "arrangement" was accepted as the official spelling, since surgery involves introducing a probe to the target rather than merely defining the relationships.
	www.neurosurgery.org /cybermuseum/stereotactichall/stereoarticle.html (3619 words)

	Instrument guidance for stereotactic surgery - Patent 6298262
		Stereotactic surgery has a history dating back to the turn of the century, when the Horsely-Clark Apparatus was described as a mechanical frame system in which an animal was immobilized.
		In another form of stereotactic surgery, known generally as "image-guided" stereotactic surgery, rather than relying on mechanical adjustment of a guide assembly, visual feedback is provided to a surgeon by displaying a composite image formed from the scanned three-dimensional image and a synthesized image of a hand-held surgical instrument.
		In another aspect, in general, the invention is a system for stereotactic surgery on a body, which includes a remote sensing device, a tracking frame, including a plurality of tracking markers for tracking a location and an orientation of the body by the remote sensing device, and a guidance fixture.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6298262.html (12992 words)

	Cyber Museum of Neurosurgery
		The Horsley-Clarke Stereotactic Device was first reported in Brain (31:45-124, 1908) in an article entitled "The Structure and functions of the Cerebellum Examined by a New Method".
		It was primarily used for surgery on patients with epilepsy, pain, and movement disorders.
		Their first stereotactic guide was the same as the top of what is displayed, but attached directly to the operating table with tape and a suction device.
	www.neurosurgery.org /cybermuseum/stereotactichall/92exhibit.html (870 words)

	Oncology Exchange Crossroads Dec 04: OUTPATIENT BRAIN TUMOUR SURGERY
		Stereotactic surgery involves accurate localization of an intracranial target using a special frame fixed to the patient’s head, a preoperative imaging study and dedicated computer software.
		Patients eligible for outpatient surgery are not already hospital inpatients, have no significant medical comorbidities or incapacitating neurologic deficits, and live with responsible adults capable of recognizing a change in the patient’s neurologic status.
		After admission to the Day Surgery Unit (DSU) the morning of surgery, the stereotactic base ring and localizer of the stereotactic frame are applied to the patient’s head and a CT or MRI visualizes the tumour, with the desired target for biopsy.
	www.oncologyex.com /issue/2004/vol3_no5/crossroads_dec04.html (1542 words)

	Stereotactic Radiofrequency Surgery for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
		Stereotactic radiofrequency pallidotomy and stereotactic radiofrequency thalamotomy are ablative procedures during which a radiofrequency electrode is used to create thermal lesions within an anatomically and physiologically defined region of the globus pallidus or VIM nucleus of the thalamus.
		Pallidotomy and thalamotomy may be performed in two ways: using stereotactic techniques and monopolar electrode stimulation for identification of the target region; and using electrophysiologic microelectrode mapping of the target region in addition to stereotactic methods.
		Stereotactic radiofrequency bilateral pallidotomy and stereotactic radiofrequency bilateral thalamotomy with or without microelectrode mapping are considered investigational.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/surgery/sur32.html (1580 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		surgery designed to preserve, or to remove with minimal risk, diseased or injured organs, tissues, or extremities.
		surgery that involves incision into one or more chambers of the heart, such as for repair or palliation of congenital heart defects, repair or replacement of defective heart valves, or coronary artery bypass.
		surgery concerned with the restoration, reconstruction, correction, or improvement in the shape and appearance of body structures that are defective, damaged, or misshapen by injury, disease, or growth and development.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_s_30zPzhtm (3935 words)

	Stereotactic Therapies - Treatment
		Stereotactic therapy is a non-invasive treatment in which high-dose radiation beams are delivered to a tumor or lesion in a concentrated, extremely precise manner.
		Stereotactic therapies are administered as the primary mode of therapy, or can be used in conjunction with conventional surgery to treat remaining cancer cells.
		At UT Southwestern, CyberKnife stereotactic radiotherapy is most commonly used to treat primary or metastatic brain tumors, which are those that have spread to the brain from other parts of the body.
	www.utsouthwestern.edu /utsw/cda/dept112206/files/301608.html (1455 words)

	:: Stereotactic Radiosurgery :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The inception of the UCLA Stereotactic Radiosurgery Program was in 1980 when the Karolinska Institute of Stockholm, Sweden, donated one of two "gamma knife" units in existence at the time for the purpose of collaborative research.
		Stereotactic surgery was first developed to help surgeons introduce probes into the brain to operate with great precision.
		Today, the precision of stereotactic surgery allows high focal radiation to be delivered to the lesion without damaging vital areas of the brain.
	www.neurology.ucla.edu /stereota.htm (472 words)

	Elekta \| Stereotactic Neurosurgery
		Stereotactic Neurosurgery is an integrated solution for minimally invasive neurosurgery for localization and treatment of targets within the brain.
		The unsurpassed accuracy is obtained through the solid fixation to the skull, the positioning of the instrument with the arc and dedicated instruments for a wide range of applications.
		The core system within Stereotactic Neurosurgery is Leksell Stereotactic System®, a three-dimensional reference system which allows the surgeon to very accurately localize and treat the pathological area with highest accuracy.
	www.elekta.com /healthcare_us_stereotactic_neurosurgery.php (285 words)

	Stereotactic Radiosurgery & Radiotherapy
		Stereotactic Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy are two of the newest techniques for treating brain tumors and other lesions.
		Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy deliver precise finely collimated beams of radiation to intracranial and extra-cranial lesions.
		Both single fraction radiosurgery and multiple-fraction radiotherapy treatments are intended to improve a patient’s quality of life and decrease treatment related complications, by minimizing radiation dose to surrounding normal tissues.
	www.cpmc.org /services/radiation-oncology/radiation/stereosurgery.html (708 words)

	Major Modalities: The Brain Tumor Program at University Hospital, Newark, NJ
		Radiation or chemotherapy may be used after surgery to destroy any remaining cells, or, in cases where the brain tumor is inoperable, may become the primary method of treatment.
		The Brain Tumor Program is a pioneer in the use of Functional Image-Guided Surgery (FIGS), a technique that combines Functional MRI (fMRI) with frameless stereotactic surgery to optimize the safety and efficacy of treatment for patients with tumors located in the cerebral hemispheres.
		Once the patient has recovered from the tumor resection surgery, the contrast medium is removed from the balloon and a liquid radiation source is inserted into the catheter and into the balloon.
	www.theuniversityhospital.com /braintumor/html/braintumortreatments/treatments.htm (1790 words)

	GW Hospital : Stereotactic and Radiosurgery Center
		Stereotactic radiosurgery typically results in a hospital stay of just one day, which means both convenience and cost-savings for the patient.
		A customized stereotactic frame keeps the patient's head completely still during radiological imaging, allowing the Center's neurosurgeons to develop elegant maps of even the most difficult-to-reach regions of the brain.
		The use of the same stereotactic equipment during surgery ensures removal of the tumor and preservation of the surrounding healthy tissues.
	www.gwhospital.com /p316.html (274 words)

	ACS :: Surgery
		Diagnostic surgery is used to get a tissue sample to tell whether or not it is cancerous or to tell what type of cancer it is. The diagnosis of cancer often can be confirmed only by looking at the cells under a microscope.
		Possible complications during surgery may be due to the surgery itself, to the anesthesia, or to an underlying disease.
		For example, people undergoing colorectal cancer surgery may need a colostomy (an opening in the abdomen to which the end of the colon is attached), while men undergoing radical prostatectomy (removal of the prostate) are at risk for losing control of urination or becoming impotent.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/eto/content/eto_1_2x_surgery.asp (5611 words)

	Stereotactic Surgery
		This technique may utilize an external frame attached to the head (frame-based) or imaging markers attached to the scalp (frameless or image-guided surgery) to orient the surgical in his approach.
		The head is imaged by CT, MR or angiography to identify the target in relationship to the external frame.
		Using a stereotactic biopsy apparatus fixed to the head frame and adjusted to the target coordinates, a biopsy probe is passed through a small hole in the skull to sample tissue for diagnosis.This technique is also used to place electrodes in the deep brain to treat movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.
	www.sd-neurosurgeon.com /practice/stereotactic.html (292 words)

	JD Healthcare : Brain & Spine Hospital
		Stereotactic biopsy is a precise method of sampling a small region of brain tissue using image-guidance and minimally invasive techniques.
		Depending on the location, size and extent of bleeding cerebro vascular surgery is performed on the patient, and an ultrasound device is used to monitor the degree of vasospasm.
		In the endoscopic surgery, an endoscope called the GAB endoscope is inserted into the cavities of the brain through a small opening or through a burrow and any kind of tumor or any other abnormalities in the cavities is removed or corrected.
	www.jdhealthcare.com /brainspine.html (828 words)

	DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSURGERY Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery \| Kathmandu Model Hospital, Pradarshani Margh, KTM, ...
		Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery is a growing field in neurosurgery.
		Many other functional surgeries like Epilepsy surgery, surgery for spastic CP including SDR, selective peripheral neurotomies, and spasmodic torticollis are carried out here.
		The Epilepsy Surgery Program is internationally recognized as a leader in innovative surgery for intracerebral diseases associated with medically intractable epilepsy.
	www.neurosurgery.org.np /services_stereotactic.php (152 words)

	Stereotactic Surgery - Strong Health Department of Surgery
		Stereotactic surgery is brain surgery guided by CT scanning.
		The surgeon, viewing three-dimensional images, is able to deliver a single, high dose of radiation to the exact diseased location in the brain or spinal cord.
		Stereotactic surgery is most often performed for patients with:
	www.stronghealth.com /services/surgical/stereotacticsurgery.cfm (86 words)

	Brain Cancer Tumor Surgery and Gamma Knife Stereotactic Surgery
		The purposes of surgery are to confirm that the abnormality seen on the brain scan is indeed a tumor and to remove the tumor.
		Stereotactic surgery is a newer "knifeless" technique that destroys a brain tumor without opening the skull.
		CT or MRI scan is used to pinpoint the exact location of the tumor in the brain.
	www.brain-cancer-net.org /brain-tumor-surgery.htm (194 words)

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