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	Sterilization
		While not exactly within the confines of sterilization, the numbers indicate that the family planning program on the Navajo Reservation was definitely acquiring federal funds to carry on such a massive project.
		In 1974, to set up safeguards, Congress defined the term "voluntary sterilization" to mean "...[the] requirement that the individual have at his disposal the information necessary to make his decision and the mental competence to appreciate the significance of that investigation" (DHEW report, 1978: 8).
		Coercive sterilization can be defined by examples of testimony, but the burden of proof is on the patient that has her signature on the bottom of the page.
	www.dickshovel.com /IHSSterPol.html (3159 words)

	Islamset- STERILIZATION (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As a surgical procedure, sterilization cannot be described per se as religiously permitted or prohibited, for this would depend on the application rather than the operation, The decision to carry out this operation, however, should not be taken lightly, for although technically easy, the religious implications can be very serious.
		When performed for a clear medical indication, sterilization is not only permissible but might be mandatory.If an incurable condition of the mother makes a further pregnancy hazardous to her health or life, then she should be offered the option of sterilization, especially if other contraceptive methods are not acceptable, suitable or reliable.
		The choice of the patient should not be binding to the doctor, and when the young patient with low or no parity opts for sterilization then it is the doctor's right to decline if he or she do not feel that this is in the best interests of the patient.
	www.islamset.com /bioethics/obstet/sterili.html (1135 words)

	Compulsory sterilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Usually such programs advocated sterilization by means of vasectomy in males and salpingectomy or tubal ligation in females, as they were not operations which significantly affected sexual drive or the personality of the individuals operated upon (unlike, for example, castration).
		Sterilization rates across the country were relatively low (California being the sole exception) until the 1927 Supreme Court case Buck v.
		When the issue of compulsory sterilization was brought up at the Nuremberg trials after the war, many Nazis defended their actions on the matter by indicating that it was the United States itself from whom they had taken inspiration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compulsory_sterilization (1294 words)

	Female Sterilization (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sterilization as an interval procedure may be carried out, using the same methods, through a short vertical or transverse mini laparotomy incision in the lower abdomen.
		The procedure entails introduction of a telescope into the peritoneal cavity through a small umbilical incision, filling the cavity with carbon dioxide to elevate the abdominal wall for visualization and occluding the tubes using unipolar or bipolar current, Silastic band or various clips.
		Often the criteria applied for sterilization were: women in their late 30’s, married for several years with three or more children with at least one of each sex.
	www.obgyncanada.com /female_sterilization.htm (451 words)

	Female Sterilization
		Surgical sterilization is a very effective way to achieve permanent infertility and has a failure rate of only 0.4% per year.
		Although sterilization may seem an attractive alternative to reversible methods, as it dispenses with the need for forethought and planning before sex, it has its own set of drawbacks.
		One in three sterilized women regret their decision at some point in their lives, and many seek to have the procedure reversed.
	www.contracept.info /sterile.php (331 words)

	Sterilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sterilization (surgical procedure) - an operation which renders an animal or human unable to procreate
		Sterilization (microbiology) - the elimination of microbiological organisms
		It can also mean the death of sperm cells due to radiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sterilization (100 words)

	Control of microbes :: Microbiology and Bacteriology :: The world of microbes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sterilization is the complete removal of all life forms from a given area (note that this includes viruses even though they are not really living).
		The most common method of sterilization currently used in laboratories and hospitals is autoclaving, which is basically a sophisticated pressure cooker.
		During sterilization, the autoclave is filled with steam to a pressure of 15-17 psi, resulting in a temperature of 121C.
	www.bact.wisc.edu /Microtextbook/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=13&page=1 (2568 words)

	Sterilization (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sterilization often is done with a technique called laparoscopy.
		With sterilization, both fallopian tubes are blocked by tying, sealing, or attaching a ring or clip to them.
		In some cases a sterilization procedure can be reversed if a woman changes her mind.
	www.ktwomenscare.com /nss-folder/tubalsterilization (1523 words)

	Sterilization
		We know that the spread of infectious diseases such as AIDS, herpes, hepatitis and even the cold virus is on everybody's mind.
		We use the most effective system available in the world today to assure the sterility of instrument: The Hu-Friedy IMS Instrument Management System, Pelton and Crane autoclave, and the Statim autoclave.
		With the IMS System, you know that the instruments used by Dr. Veisman and his staff have been properly cleaned, sterilized and stored.
	www.torontoimplant.com /veisman_dental_center/sterilization.html (173 words)

	Sterilization
		Consider vasectomy for your partner, it is generally easier to sterilize a male than a female.
		Although this is true of any simple sterilization operation, coagulation may have a slightly higher failure rate than silastic bands.
		Pictures may be taken during surgery to show you what was seen and done.
	www.danmartinmd.com /tubal_sterilization.htm (480 words)

	Planned Parenthood - Tubal Sterilization
		Tubal sterilization is intended to be a permanent method of birth control.
		Sterilizations are done in hospitals or in clinics.
		Deaths resulting from tubal sterilization are extremely rare and are usually caused by a reaction to general anesthesia.
	www.plannedparenthood.org /birth-control-pregnancy/birth-control/tubal-sterilization.htm (2531 words)

	Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health: Sterilization techniques
		Sterilization techniques include all the means used to completely eliminate or destroy living microorganisms on any object, including tools used to test or treat patients.
		Although many hospitals consider sterile, prepackaged disposable materials to be sterile indefinitely if the packaging is undamaged, sterile goods must be examined carefully to ensure that there are no breaks in the integrity of the packaging or that the package has not gotten wet.
		Gas sterilization, usually using ethylene oxide, interferes with the metabolism and therefore the development of microorganisms and inhibits the growth of spores.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_gGENH/is_/ai_2699003746 (1372 words)

	eMedicine - Tubal Sterilization : Article by Robert K Zurawin, MD
		While sterilizations performed in the immediate postpartum are accompanied by a high incidence of regret, even when both mother and baby are healthy, many physicians advocate performing all sterilizations as an interval procedure.
		A major cause of failure of sterilization is the inadvertent ligation of the round ligament mistakenly identified as the fallopian tube.
		Overall, women sterilized at age 34-44 years were half as likely to become pregnant after sterilization compared to women sterilized at age 28-33 years and were approximately one third as likely to become pregnant as women sterilized at age 18-27 years.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3313.htm (8723 words)

	CDC - New Disinfection and Sterilization Methods
		The sterilant is produced, as needed by the machine, by automatic mixing of the two component solutions of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid.
		Sterilization (the complete elimination or destruction of all forms of microbial life) is recommended for all "critical" medical items, such as surgical instruments, cardiac and urinary catheters, implantable devices (e.g., heart valves), and needles.
		The Sterrad 50 and EO sterilized the carriers in even the smallest-lumened device, which was 1 mm in diameter (21).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no2/rutala.htm (3793 words)

	Sterilization and Abortion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sterilization and abortion are the most controversial of birth control methods -- sterilization because of its permanence, abortion because it terminates pregnancy.
		Because sterilization was heavily subsidized, the cost to the acceptor was low, but this raises the question of whether the poor would have preferred other methods, if they were available and low-cost as well.
		Sterilization rates are in fact highest in the towns of the northeast -- over three quarters of women of reproductive age were sterilized in Sao Luiz.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /rt21/race/HARTMANNCh13.html (10054 words)

	Birth Control - Sterilization
		Male sterilization is achieved through a surgical procedure, called a vasectomy, that is intended to be a permanent method of birth control (there is no guarantee that it can be reversed).
		Female sterilization is achieved through a surgical procedure, called tubal ligation, that is intended to be a permanent method of birth control (there is no guarantee that it can be reversed).
		Sterilization is a permanent, surgical procedure and often cannot be reversed.
	www.pamf.org /teen/sex/birthcontrol/sterilization.html (453 words)

	Premarket Notification [510(k)] Submissions for Medical Sterilization Packaging Systems in Health Care Facilities; ...
		A sterilization wrap (pack, sterilization wrapper, bag, or accessories) is a device intended to be used to enclose another medical device that is to be sterilized by a health care provider.
		According to 21 CFR §880.6850, a sterilization wrap (pack, sterilization wrapper, bag, or accessories) is a device intended to be used to enclose another medical device that is to be sterilized by a health care provider.
		A sterilization wrap is intended to allow sterilization of the enclosed medical devices and to maintain sterility of the enclosed device until it is used.
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/ode/guidance/1388.html (6996 words)

	Tubal Sterilization
		Tubal sterilization is surgery to block a woman’s fallopian tubes.
		Tubal sterilization is a permanent form of birth control.
		Prior to the 1960s, female sterilization in the United States was generally performed only for medical problems or when a woman was considered “too old” to have children or at risk.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /tubal_sterilization/article_em.htm (242 words)

	Sterilization Methods
		A process cannot be called a sterilization process unless it has been shown to be capable of killing high numbers of bacterial spores, the most difficult of microorganisms to kill.
		Sterilization requires varying degrees of time, depending on the load, arrangement, packaging material, and temperature as well as the type of sterilizing agent.
		Sterilization failure from improper use or malfunction of the sterilizer increases the chances for spread of disease agents from patient to patient via the processed instruments.
	www.maexamhelp.com /instru_sterilization.htm (1531 words)

	Contraceptive Methods: Sterilization
		Female sterilization, also called tubal occlusion or ligation, is a permanent contraceptive method for women who do not want more children.
		Female sterilization does not affect breastfeeding or interfere with intercourse and it is free from the side effects associated with some temporary methods.
		Male sterilization is generally safer and less expensive than female sterilization and it is a good way for men to share in the responsibility of family planning.
	www.rho.org /html/cont-sterilization.htm (468 words)

	sterilization. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. 2002
		The removal of all microorganisms and other pathogens from an object or surface by treating it with chemicals or subjecting it to high heat or radiation.
		Sterilization also refers to procedures that result in infertility.
		Vasectomies and tubal ligations, in which the fallopian tubes of a woman are tied off, are examples of sterilization techniques.
	www.bartleby.com /59/22/sterilizatio.html (150 words)

	Female Sterilization
		Female sterilization can be performed any time the provider is reasonably sure a woman is not pregnant, for example, during the seven days which begin with the onset of menses (days one through seven of the menstrual cycle).
		Sterilization can be performed concurrently with a medically safe induced abortion, or within seven days postabortion, if you are sure the woman is free of infection.
		Severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, sepsis or indication of infection, severe hemorrhage, and severe trauma to the genital tract or uterine rupture or perforation are contraindications to female sterilization and the procedure should be delayed until the condition is resolved.
	www.reproline.jhu.edu /english/6read/6multi/tgwg/Tgfs__e.htm (845 words)

	Female Sterilization and Sterilization Reversal
		The main advantages of female sterilization are its high degree of effectiveness, convenience, and the fact that routine follow-up medical care is not usually needed as for other contraceptive methods.
		In the past, it was thought that the risk of unintended pregnancy after tubal sterilization was limited to the first year or two after the procedure.
		By 10 years after tubal sterilization, the overall pregnancy rate was 1.8 percent among all women in the study.
	www.tubal-reversal.net /female-sterilization.htm (596 words)

	Biosafety Manual: STERILIZATION
		Steam sterilization generally denotes heating in an autoclave employing saturated steam under a pressure of approximately 15 psi to achieve a chamber temperature of at least 121°C (250°F).
		The critical factors in insuring the reliability of this sterilization method is: 1) proper temperature and time; and 2) the complete replacement of the air with steam (i.e.
		The moisture of the sterilization environment as well as the moisture history of organisms prior to heat exposure appear to affect the efficiency of dry heat sterilization.
	www.lbl.gov /ehs/biosafety/Biosafety_Manual/html/sterilization.shtml (876 words)

	Female Sterilization: Unintended and Teen Pregnancy \| CDC Reproductive Health
		Tubal sterilization is a highly effective and safe procedure; however, the possible existence of a “post-tubal ligation syndrome” of menstrual abnormalities has been debated for years.
		In order to determine whether menstrual changes that occurred among women who had undergone tubal sterilization were associated with the sterilization itself rather than resulting from aging or some other factor, the researchers needed to also interview a “comparison group” of women who had not had tubal sterilization.
		The only obvious difference between sterilized and non-sterilized women with respect to hysterectomy is the fact that women who have chosen tubal sterilization have already selected a permanent and surgical method of contraception.
	www.cdc.gov /reproductivehealth/UnintendedPregnancy/Sterilization.htm (1200 words)

	FHI - Female Sterilization
		Female sterilization is a procedure where the fallopian tubes -- which carry the egg from the ovary to the uterus -- are blocked, thereby preventing the sperm from uniting with and fertilizing an egg.
		Female sterilization is safe, free from side effects associated with temporary methods of contraception, does not require routine follow-up care or prescription refills, and offers women substantial protection against ovarian cancer.
		Family Health International (FHI) research has explored the long-term impact of female sterilization on women's lives in different settings, assessed the safety and efficacy of various sterilization methods, and investigated new approaches to nonsurgical sterilization.
	www.fhi.org /en/Topics/femsteril.htm (189 words)

	Female Sterilization
		Sterilization is a permanent method of contraception that requires surgery.
		Sterilization blocks the fallopian tubes (the tubes that carry the egg from the ovary to the uterus).
		Sterilization is a convenient and highly effective long-term method of contraception.
	uuhsc.utah.edu /pated/handouts/handout.cfm?id=1353 (577 words)

	Sterilization Validation
		The United States was one of the ISO members that took an active role in the development of ISO 11135 as a new ethylene oxide sterilization standard.
		The Steam sterilization validation is done to provide validated sterilization data for a product and help in making recommendations to the hospital in the proper use of the device.
		The D-value is useful in estimating microbial resistance of a BI to a sterilant such as ethylene oxide (EO) or saturated steam under pressure.
	www.nelsonlabs.com /sterilization/sterile.htm (1616 words)

	Sterilization
		Sterilization, on the other hand, puts up a permanent barrier to sperm meeting egg, such as tubal ligation, hysterectomy, and vasectomy.
		The reasons for permanent sterilization run from mere convenience to mortal danger from a subsequent pregnancy.
		While it's true that responsible couples have actually thought this thing out well before asking for such a permanent change, there are always a few who need to know about their misconceptions or their casual reasoning.
	www.gynob.com /steriliz.htm (1162 words)

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