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Topic: Sternocleidomastoid

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Mastoid process

Lymph node

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	Remedies For Osteoarthritis
		Trouble in the major muscles of the front of the neck, the scalenes and sternocleidomastoids (SCMs), is known to cause an astonishing variety of symptoms in the upper body.
		An important function of a sternocleidomastoid muscle (see Figure 1) is to help turn the head to the opposite side by pulling the mastoid bone toward the sternum.
		To massage a sternocleidomastoid muscle, simply take it between the fingers and thumb of your opposite hand and knead it firmly, aiming at a therapeutic pain level of seven on a scale of one to 10 (see Figure 4, opposite page).
	www.amtamassage.org /journal/fall02_journal/scalenes.html (1567 words)

	Ear, Nose and Throat Journal: Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap reconstruction ... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap reconstruction during parotidectomy to prevent Frey's syndrome and facial contour deformity.
		One group was made up of 12 patients who were randomized to undergo reconstruction of the surgical defect with a sternocleidomastoid muscle flap; the other 12 patients did not receive a flap.
		The sternocleidomastoid muscle receives its blood supply superiorly from the superior occipital artery, in the midportion from the superior thyroid artery, and inferiorly from the transverse cervical artery.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:131198920&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (2445 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Medicine (St) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The sternocleidomastoid (sternocleidomastoideus; sternomastoid) muscle is located in the neck.
		sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve and the cervical plexus.
		The lower articulation is called the xiphisternal joint, and is between the body of the sternum and a small, teardrop-shaped bone called the xiphoid process.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /EKB.HTM (1909 words)

	Otolaryngology (ENT) A to Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During the delivery, if the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the neck muscle that extends from the jawbone (mastoid) to the clavicle (collarbone) and sternum (breastbone), is stretched or pulled, it may tear, causing bleeding and bruising within the muscle.
		Occasionally, congenital muscular torticollis occurs because of a defect in the development of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, or because of an abnormal fetal position in the uterus.
		Generally, physical examination of the infant may show the characteristic tilting of the head and tension of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, as well as presence of a mass in the middle portion of the muscle.
	www.muschealth.com /ent/otoatoz?pageid=P02070 (499 words)

	eMedicine - Congenital Malformations, Neck : Article by Ted L Tewfik, MD, FRCSC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Type I anomalies are located along the anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid muscle at the junction of the middle and lower thirds, deep to the platysma and cervical fascia.
		Thymic anomalies arise from the ventral saccules of the epithelium of the third pharyngeal pouch.
		Sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy (SCTI) is part of the spectrum of conditions known as congenital muscular torticollis (CMT).
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic323.htm (5296 words)

	Neuroexam.com - Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles (CN XI)
		Weakness in the sternocleidomastoid or trapezius muscles can be caused by lesions in the muscles, neuromuscular junction, or lower motor neurons of the accessory spinal nerve (CN XI).
		Unilateral upper motor neuron lesions in the cortex or descending pathways cause contralateral weakness of the trapezius, with relative sparing of sternocleidomastoid strength.
		This may be explained by bilateral upper motor neuron projections controlling the sternocleidomastoid, in analogy to the bilateral projections controlling the upper face.
	www.neuroexam.com /content.php?p=26 (143 words)

	[No title]
		There is no extension of mass beyond the confines of the sternocleidomastoid, and the surrounding tissues appear normal.
		The right sternocleidomastoid is enlarged, homogeneous in appearance and iso-attenuating with muscle, and there is mass effect on the internal jugular vein.
		Fibromatosis colli (FC), also called pseudotumor of infancy, is a nonneoplastic condition involving the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) occurring in 0.4% of all neonates.
	www.childsdoc.org /spring97/quiz/xray.asp (861 words)

	[No title]
		The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior primary rami of the first four cervical nerves (C1–4), lies deep to the internal jugular vein and the sternocleidomastoid muscle and on the surface of scalenus medius and levator scapulae.
		Lesser occipital nerve (C2) ascends the posterior border of sternocleidomastoid to supply the skin of the upper neck and the scalp behind the auricle.
		Transverse cervical nerve (C2, 3) crosses sternocleidomastoid horizontally, deep to platysma, to supply the skin of the anterior triangle.
	www.frca.co.uk /article.aspx?articleid=100362 (542 words)

	Radiology Quiz
		The infant's head was held tilted toward the right and the chin was directed to the left.
		Sternocleidomastoid pseudotumor of infancy, or fibromatosis colli (Figure 2).
		The sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy, or fibromatosis colli, is a localized fibrous tissue mass within the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle.
	www.childsdoc.org /fall2001/xrayquiz.asp (525 words)

	New York School Of Regional Anesthesia - Deep Cervical Plexus Block
		The plexus is situated on the anterior surface of the four upper cervical vertebrae, resting on the levator anguli scapulae and scalenus medius muscle, and is covered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
		The anterior rami of C2 through C4 form the cervical plexus (the C1 root is a primarily motor nerve and it is not blocked by this technique).
		To estimate the line of needle insertion that overlies the transverse processes, the mastoid process (MP) and Chassaignac's tubercle of C6 transverse process are identified and marked.
	nysora.com /techniques/intermediate/deep_cervical/deep_cervical.html (2085 words)

	Superficial Neck and Anterior Triangle - Dissector Answers
		Ascends in the neck along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; pierces the cervical fascia near the muscle and divides into branches
		superficial (investing) layer: (Note: this is the superficial layer of the deep fascia, which is different from superficial fascia) extends between the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles in the posterior triangle and between the paired sternocleidomastoid muscles in the anterior triangle.
		It surrounds all the deeper parts of the neck and splits to enclose the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /nervous_system/antneck_ans.html (1305 words)

	Carotid, Submandibular and Submental Triangles of the Neck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As you trace it proximally into the sternocleidomastoid muscle notice that it runs superiorly within the muscle to the insertion end.
		You can see it there on the deep surface of the muscle (close to the mastoid process) only if you transect the sternocleidomastoid and reflect the superior half in a superior direction to expose the deep surface of the muscle.
		sternocleidomastoid brs., auricular br., mastoid br., descending br., occipital brs.
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/anteriortriangle.html (3719 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Common ENT Problems Symposium: Is this lump in the neck anything to worry about?
		The sternocleidomastoid muscle passes obliquely in the neck from the mastoid tip to the clavicle and sternum.
		The area in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle should be palpated to identify and characterize the cervical lymph node chain.
		The area behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the anterior neck, and the thyroid region should also be palpated.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1998/09_98/arm.htm (3904 words)

	eMedicine - Torticollis : Article by Gurdeep S Othee, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This mass, which is more often localized near the clavicular attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, usually enlarges during 4-6 weeks of life and then gradually decreases in size.
		Though sternocleidomastoid release is described mainly for congenital torticollis, it may also be used in the other forms as well.
		The bipolar sternocleidomastoid release, as described by Ferkel et al, for congenital muscular torticollis involves making a short transverse proximal incision behind the ear and dividing the sternocleidomastoid muscle insertion transversely just distal to the tip of the mastoid process (Canale, 1998).
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic452.htm (2139 words)

	Yale- Cranial Nerve 11, pg. 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Damage to the spinal root of CN XI is a lower motor neuron lesion and results in weakness or flaccid paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid and/or trapezius muscles.
		Contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle pulls the mastoid process toward the ipsilateral clavicle resulting in rotation of the head and an upward tilting of the chin to the opposite side.
		Weakness of the sternocleidomastoid will result in difficulty in turning the head opposite the side of the lesion.
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn11/cn11_9.html (116 words)

	Great Auricular Nerve: Anatomy and Imaging in a Case of Perineural Tumor Spread -- Ginsberg and Eicher 21 (3): 568 -- ...
		The nerve can be seen emerging from the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and then coursing superiorly and anteriorly, dividing into anterior and posterior branches.
		The parotid gland (arrows) and sternocleidomastoid muscle (asterisks) are identified.
		The linear structure represents the anterior branch of the GAN (arrowheads).
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/21/3/568 (1607 words)

	External Pharynx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Clean the sternocleidomastoid muscle completely - The biggest mistake that has been made in past years is that students attempt to perform the head removal steps without being able to see the boundaries of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
		The posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is the plane of separation for head removal.
		As a result, the trapezius muscle is still attached to the sternocleidomastoid muscle by the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia (which encloses both).
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/externalpharynx.html (3092 words)

	_ - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- w/ persistent contracture of sternocleidomastoid, deformities of face and skull result and are apparent w/ in first year of life;
		- may also present as rigid deformity, and sternocleidomastoid is not contracted or in spasm;
		- uncommonly, distal resection is insufficient and proximal release of sternocleidomastoid is needed;
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/__95 (647 words)

	Musculoskeletal lecture notes Anatomy- USMLE Review
		the carotid triangle between the posterior belly of the digastric, superior belly of the omohyoid and the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
		the muscular triangle between the superior belly of the omohyoid, lower anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid and the median line of the neck.
		they pass between the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the upper border of the clavicle to drain into the external jugular veins in the posterior triangle of the neck.
	www.aismcentral.net /neck.html (5390 words)

	New York School Of Regional Anesthesia - Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block
		This maneuver tenses the sternocleidomastoid muscles and helps to identify the posterior border of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
		However, in patients with good anatomy the clavicle, clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and external jugular vein are all that is really important.
		The palpating hand should not be moved during the entire block placement procedure to allow for precise redirections of the angle of the needle insertion when necessary.
	www.nysora.com /techniques/intermediate/interscalene/interscalene.html (3076 words)

	The Sternocleidomastoid Syndrome
		The sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is one of the most complex in the body.
		The patient's static posture and movement patterns, especially cervical flexion, sit-to-stand, and swallowing, should also be looked at.
		Effective treatment of the sternocleidomastoid syndrome can be very rewarding to both doctor and patient, as when it is severe, it can be very distressing.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/09/08/15.html (657 words)

	Imaging-Based Nodal Classification for Evaluation of Neck Metastatic Adenopathy -- Som et al. 174 (3): 837 -- American ...
		Separation between levels II and III and IV is posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle.
		Line of separation between levels IV and V is oblique line extending from posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle to posterior edge of anterior scalene muscle.
		Nodes anterior to lines are level I nodes and, because they are lateral to medial margin of each anterior belly of the digastric muscle, they can be subclassified as level IB nodes.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/174/3/837 (3949 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - David Robson - Neck Prioritization!
		The side muscles that run the length of the neck (the sternocleidomastoid muscles), give the neck the appearance of width.
		The lower part of the sternocleidomastoid ties into the inner trapezius and provides muscle density directly above the clavicle bone.
		The importance of training the sternocleidomastoid muscles, which originate from the sternum and clavicle, is far reaching as they help with cervical vertebra flexion thus allowing the upper spine to bend and flex.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/drobson21.htm (1362 words)

	[No title]
		;incision: base of mastoid process to medial end of clavicle d7.47 pg 252reflect skin posteriorlyJremove triangular flap of skin along the anterior border of the trapeziusEanteriorly, reflect the skin overlying the sternocleidomastoid muscleplatysmagexamine posteroinferior part: covers basal part of triangle and passes over whole length of clavicle.
		Xposterior border of sternocleidomastoid (close proximity to cn 9).
		Supplies the scalpaccessory nerve(C2, C3)lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3)Course: point superior to middle of posterior border of sternocleidomastoid; point 5cm superior to clavicle on anterior border of trap greater auricular nerve (C2, C3)"Transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)“runs with ext.
	cim.ucdavis.edu /classpages/2008/studyguides/45Anatomy_Lab_-_Posterior_Triangle_of_Neck.xls (272 words)

	PET-CT Fusion Imaging in Differentiating Physiologic from Pathologic FDG Uptake -- Kostakoglu et al. 24 (5): 1411 -- ...
		An additional asymmetric focus of uptake posterior to the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (arrows) suggests cervical lymph node metastasis, which represents a more advanced disease stage and renders the patient ineligible for surgery until after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
		An additional asymmetric focus of uptake is noted posterior to the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (long arrow) and suggests cervical lymph node metastasis, although unilateral cervical muscle uptake cannot be excluded (cf Fig 4).
		The unilateral focus of uptake posterior to the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (long arrow) corresponds to a cervical lymph node, and symmetric foci within the larynx (short arrows) correspond to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles and cricoarytenoid muscles posteriorly.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/24/5/1411 (8684 words)

	Branchial Cleft Cyst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At the otolaryngology office the patient was found to have a non-tender mass in the right neck, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, that was approximately 3.0 cm in diameter.
		The external opening or cyst is found along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
		These abnormalities are also found along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and are lateral and superior to the common carotid.
	cats.med.uvm.edu /cats_teachingmod/radiology/radiology_html/teaching/radio_adult/branchial_cleft_cyst/branchial_cleft_cyst_1.html (801 words)

	Stone Mill Elementary School
		The sternocleidomastoid muscle is found on the front side of the neck.
		It is called the sternocleidomastoid because the muscle is attached to three bones: the sternum (sterno), the clavicle (cleido), and the mastoid process of the skull (mastoid).
		The sternocleidomastoid turns your head from side to side.
	www.mcps.k12.md.us /schools/stonemilles/pe/muscle.htm (727 words)

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