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Topic: Sternopygidae

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	[No title]
		These characters may be interpreted to be present in plesiomorphic gymnotoids and reversed in the Sternopygidae and Apteronotidae.
		The polarity of the pulse type EOD and associated neural characters is rendered ambiguous under this hypothesis of relationships.
		The anterior process of the maxilla is hook-shaped in all sternopygids,except Rhabdolichops in which the presence of an ossified laminar ridge obscures the morphology of this region.
	ag.arizona.edu /ENTO/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/actinopterygii/gymnotiformes/Gymnotiformes.nex (1321 words)

	FAMILIES - Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sternopygids possess a tone-type electric organ discharge, characterized by a monophasic hyperpolarization from negative baseline.
		Sternopygids are medium to large-sized gymnotiforms, exhibiting substantial diversity in total adult body size, from 120 mm (Sternopygus vicentespelaea) to 1.4 M (Sternopygus macrurus).
		The Sternopygidae is confined to the Humid Neotropics, ranging the Rio de la Plata of Argentina (35° S) to the Rio Tuira of Panama (8°N).
	www.fishbase.org /Summary/FamilySummary.cfm?ID=548 (465 words)

	Biological Sciences at UMBC
		The primary objective of my research is to gain a better understanding of the complexity and evolution of electrocommunication.
		It is possible to identify individual members of the Apteronotidae and Sternopygidae families of weakly electric fish by the "signature" frequency of their electric organ discharge (EOD).
		In my research, those "signatures" are used to identify individuals and to monitor their communication and activity behaviors for periods as long as several months.
	www.umbc.edu /biosci/Faculty/viancour.html (265 words)

	Information by Country - Search Result (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Lundberg, J.G. and F. Mago-Leccia 1986 A review of Rhabdolichops (Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae), a genus of South American freshwater fishes, with description of four new species.
		Keith, P. and F. Meunier 2000 Rhabdolichops jegui, une nouvelle espèce de Sternopygidae (Gymnotiformes) de Guyane française.
		Crampton, W.G., K.C. Hulen and J.S. Albert 2004 Sternopygus branco: a new species of neotropical electric fish (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the lowland Amazon basin, with descriptions of osteology, ecology, and electric organ discharges.
	filaman.ifm-geomar.de /Nomenclature/FamilyRefList.cfm?FamCode=548 (164 words)

	Sternopygus obtusirostris redescribed \| Practical Fishkeeping magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A rare knifefish has been brought back out of synonymy over 140 years after it was discovered.
		Sternopygus obtusirostris, a species known as the Longtail knifefish, is a member of the South American knifefish family Sternopygidae.
		The fish, which uses electricity for navigation is found in flwater regions of South America including the Rio Negro, Tefe, Amazonas and Para.
	www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk /pfk/pages/item.php?news=379 (437 words)

	MavicaNET - Glass knifefishes (Sternopygidae)
		This is a family made up of 15 species found in the freshwaters of South America.
		"Ñåìåéñòâî Ñòåðíîïèãîâûå (Sternopygidae) - àêâàðóìèñòèêà - ðûáû - Çîîêëóá"
		Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñåìåéñòâ: Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå óãðè (Electrophoridae), Ãèìíîòîâûå (Gymnotidae), Àïòåðîíîòîâûå (Apteronotidae), Ãèïîïîìîâûå (Hypopomidae), Ðàìôèõòîâûå (Rhamphichthyidae), Ñòåðíîïèãîâûå (Sternopygidae).
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/nld/24844.html?sortby=1 (170 words)

	Profile
		One of my preliminary findings is that the distribution and community structure of the 40 or so electric fish species in this region is strongly influenced by the location of tributaries, and by the physiochemical features of the water.
		For instance, diversity appears to increase immediately downstream of tributaries, and some familes, such as the Apteronotidae, are significantly more abundant in 'white' waters while others, such as the Sternopygidae, are more abundant in 'clear' and 'fl' waters.
		I plan to assess the community structure of other benthic fish groups as well, when taxonomy of the more complex groups is resolved.
	myprofile.cos.com /cristinacox (1226 words)

	Electrosensory Bibliography (2000-2004)
		Correa SAL (2004) Re-evaluation of the afferent connections of the pituitary in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus: An in vitro tract-tracing study.
		Crampton WGR, Hulen KG, Albert JS (2004) Sternopygus branco: A new species of neotropical electric fish (Gymnotiformes : Sternopygidae) from the lowland Amazon basin, with descriptions of osteology, ecology, and electric organ discharges.
		Triques ML (2000) Sternopygus castroi, a new species of Neotropical freshwater electric fish, with new synapomorphies to the genus (Sternopygidae : Gymnotiformes : Teleostei).
	nelson.beckman.uiuc.edu /fishBase04.html (5688 words)

	UMass Amherst: Biology Department -> Faculty -> Cristina Cox Fernandes
		The diversity appears to increase immediately downstream of tributaries.
		Also, we have found that some families of electric fish, such as the Apteronotidae, are particularly abundant in 'white' waters, while others, such as the Sternopygidae, are most abundant in 'clear' and 'fl' waters.
		I plan to assess the community structure of other benthic fish groups as well in the near future.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/faculty/cristina.phtml (1003 words)

	Gymnotiformes
		no mesopterygoid teeth (present in Sternopygidae excluding Distocyclus, and present in Platyurosternarchus)
		hypaxial electric organs (replaced during metamorphosis in Apteronotidae and Sternopygidae)
		This discussion presents synapomorphies for higher level relationships among gymnotiform clades.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Gymnotiformes&contgroup=Ostariophysi (1641 words)

	Evolution of electric fish families (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Four of those families have pulse-type EOD (Electrophoridae, Gymnotidae, Hypopomidae, and Rhamphichthyidae) and two have wave-type EODs (Sternopygidae and Apteronotidae).
		Lissmann (1961) found that the frequency of the animal's EOD was correlated with the speed of water flow.
		Mago-Leccia, F. Los pesces de la familia Sternopygidae de Venezuela.
	cetus.ucsd.edu /people/Ana/elfish.html (1947 words)

	Chromosome evolution in fish: sex chromosome variability in Eigenmannia virescens (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) ...
		Chromosome evolution in fish: sex chromosome variability in Eigenmannia virescens (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) - Karger Publishers
		New data are presented on the sex chromosomes of the fish species Eigenmannia virescens (Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae).
		A new finding, involving the occurrence of ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, is described in specimens sampled from the São Francisco and Amazon river basins in Brazil.
	content.karger.com /ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ProduktNr=224037&Ausgabe=229486&ArtikelNr=71589 (240 words)

	MavicaNET - Sternopygus
		Каталог / Природа / Живот / Животни / Fishes (Pisces) / Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) / Knifefishes (Gymnotiformes) / Glass knifefishes (Sternopygidae) / Sternopygus
		Sternopygus castroi, a new species of Neotropical freshwater electric fish, with new synapomorphies to the genus (Sternopygidae: Gymnotiformes: Teleostei)
		The data include 12 characters diagnostic of the Sternopygidae, 11 characters supporting the monophyly of Sternopygus, and 15 characters structuring a hypothesis of relationships among the four species of Sternopygus.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/bul/26125.html (160 words)

	Knifefish, Knifefishes, Orders: Osteoglossiforms and Gymnotiformes
		This order includes six families; the family Sternopygidae called the Glass Knifefishes, the family Rhamphichthyidae called the Sand Knifefishes, the family Hypopomidae, the family Gymnotidae called the Naked-back Knifefishes, and the family Apteronotidae called the Ghost knifefishes
		Some of these fish inhabit quiet lakes or lagoons while others live in main river channels.
		Others, as some of those in the family Sternopygidae, the genus Gymnotus, live along river banks or on flood plains among roots or plant matter.
	animal-world.com /encyclo/fresh/Knifefish/Knifefish.php (746 words)

	The Midbrain Precommand Nucleus of the Mormyrid Electromotor Network -- von der Emde et al. 20 (14): 5483 -- Journal of ...
		Grillner S, Deliagina T, Ekeberg O, el Manira A, Hill RH, Lansner A, Orlovsky GN, Wallen P (1995) Neural networks that co-ordinate locomotion and body orientation in lamprey.
		Heiligenberg W, Finger T, Matsubara J, Carr C (1981) Input to the medullary pacemaker nucleus in the weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia (sternopygidae, gymnotiformes).
		Heiligenberg W, Metzner W, Wong CJH, Keller CH (1996) Motor control of the jamming avoidance response of Apteronotus leptorhynchus: evolutionary changes of a behavior and its neuronal substrates.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/14/5483 (8252 words)

	UF Zoology :: Spring 2003 Seminars
		Influence of male mass on mating and sperm use patterns in the weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus
		Morphology and diversity of the Neotropical electric fishes Sternopygus (Sternopygidae, Gymnotiformes)
		Variable environment community theory, and how to test it
	www.zoo.ufl.edu /seminars/zsemS03.html (236 words)

	Eigenmannia macrops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Microgeographic morphological variation in the Venezuelan knife-fish Eigenmannia macrops (Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae).
		Microgeographic diversity in the neotropical knife-fish Eigenmannia macrops (Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae)..
		38741, Microgeographic diversity in the neotropical knife-fish Eigenmannia macrops (Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae).
	specieslist.com /fish_species/F/Eigenmannia_macrops.shtml (228 words)

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