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	Steve Biko - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stephen Bantu Biko (December 18, 1946 – September 12, 1977) was a noted nonviolent anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s.
		He was banned during the height of apartheid in March 1973, meaning that he was not allowed to speak to more than one person at a time and so could not make speeches in public.
		Peter Gabriel tells the tale of Biko in the song of the same name on his 3rd self titled album Peter Gabriel (III) (alternatively known as Melt for the cover art) released in 1980.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biko (927 words)

	Stephen Biko (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Biko was an exponent of the Black Consciousness philosophy who developed intellectually and emerged with others out of the changing literate African population in the major urban centres during the 1960s.
		Biko was scathingly critical of white liberals who 'could skilfully extract what suits them from the exclusive pool of white privileges'; and he was resentful that Blacks were experiencing a situation from which they were unable to escape.
		Biko's death caught the attention of the international community, which increased their pressure on the South African government to abolish its detention policies and called for an international probe on the cause of his death.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/people/biko,s.htm (2933 words)

	Leader -- WSJ Interactive Edition
		Biko's widow, Ntiski, have criticized the commission as potentially too lenient toward the racist murderers of the old regime, many believe it is the only reasonable way to get to the bottom of myriad crimes of the apartheid era.
		Biko was a daring and articulate founder and mainstay of the Black Consciousness Movement and, except for Mr.
		Biko was visited by a magistrate, a jurist assigned technically to monitor prisoners' conditions, and complained to him about this and the fact that he hadn't been allowed to wash himself.
	www.nogas.org /biko/wall_street.html (1958 words)

	Steve Biko Changed the World
		Steven Bantu Biko was a South African man born on December 18 1946 (Barrett 1), and was brutally murdered in prison on September 12, 1977 (Beating of Biko 1).
		Biko learned at an early age that to survive in South Africa, inflicted with Apartheid, that an education was critical.
		One point that Biko stressed to the fl population was, "the most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed" (Mandella 2).
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /History/Africa/save/brackett/bracket.htm (1182 words)

	In South Africa, 20 years after Steven Biko's death, the TruthCommission grapples with the meaning of justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In September 1977, a naked and shackled Steven Biko -- the leader of South Africa's Black Consciousness movement -- died on the filthy floor of a police hospital in Pretoria.
		Biko's widow says she wants justice; she wants Biko's killers to be tried in a court of law.
		Steven Biko's death at the hands of the police galvanized the nation and the world.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/sipa/PUBS/SLANT/SPRING97/hugon.html (1049 words)

	ANC Media
		Steven Biko often told his wife, Ntsiki, about the importance of conquering the fear of death.
		The oldest of Steven Biko's three sons is planning a museum and library of Biko's writings in his Eastern Cape birthplace.
		Steven Biko was once quoted as saying: "The most potent weapon oppressor is the mind of the oppressed." He believed that fl South Africans would not be able wrest political control of the country, which is about 80 percent fl, until they stopped acting subservient to whites, who hold most the wealth.
	web.uconn.edu /ancpartnership/m2700.htm (539 words)

	12 September 1977 - Steve Biko dies in detention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bantubonke Steven Biko, leader of the Black Consciousness Movement and pioneer of the Black Consciousness philosophy, died in police custody at the age of 30.
		Biko was arrested in Port Elizabeth where the police beat him so severely that they caused damage to his brain.
		After South Africa's move to democracy, the police responsible for the death of Biko applied for amnesty from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was established by parliament and charged with investigating human rights abuses during the Apartheid era.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/chronology/thisday/1977-09-12.htm (339 words)

	\|\|:: BIKO BIOGRAPHY ::\|\| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bantu Steven Biko was born on 18 December 1946 in Ginsberg, a township outside King William's Town.
		Biko, best known of the leaders of the Black Consciousness Movement, is regarded as one of the greatest martyrs of the anti-apartheid struggle.
		Biko was, however, transported 1 200km to Pretoria in the back of a Land Rover.
	www.buffalocity.gov.za /visitors/biko.stm (654 words)

	This Day in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Steven Biko, leader of South Africa's "Black Consciousness Movement," dies of severe head trauma on the stone floor of a prison cell in Pretoria.
		Steven Biko was hailed as a martyr in the anti-apartheid struggle, and his death became an international rallying point against South Africa's repressive government.
		Biko's death was "so improbable and contradictory that it has to be rejected as false." With the exception of murder, there is a 20-year limit on prosecution of criminal charges in South Africa.
	www.historychannel.com /tdih/tdih.jsp?month=10272961&day=10272977&cat=10272946 (935 words)

	uwc student journalism
		Steve Biko's colleagues describe him as an intelligent, diplomatic man who had the capacity to speak well to white people at their level of understanding, to diplomats and to people from the villages.
		Biko was a representative of the fl people, because he could meet different people from different levels, and he could speak to them according to their standard, to make them understand the real situation of the fl people under the apartheid regime.
		Biko refused that kind of separation, and he said it would weaken the struggle that was the reason why, he was calling for African movement's unity.
	www.uwc.ac.za /arts/english/roughedge/story1.htm (4807 words)

	Steve Biko - TheBestLinks.com - Steven Biko, Apartheid, Bantu, December 18, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Stephen Bantu Biko (December 18, 1946 - September 12 1977) was a noted anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s.
		Because he was dissatisfied with the National Union of South African Students, he helped found the South African Students' Organisation in 1968 and elected its first president; in 1972 he became honorary president of the Black People's Convention.
		In 1980 Peter Gabriel released "Biko", a song protesting against Biko's death.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Steven_Biko.html (467 words)

	Hurricane Carter -- smuggled guns to Steve Biko?
		Biko's closest friend and confidante, Dr. Mamphela Ramphele, says Biko never mentioned this escapade to her.
		Steve Biko was a moderate, not a guerilla fighter.
		That youngster’s name was Steven Biko, who turned out to be one of the greatest human rights people in South Africa.
	members.shaw.ca /cartermyths/Carterbiko.htm (787 words)

	AC/98/0114 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		As a result Mr Biko was taken hold of in self-defence and in the ensuing struggle which has been termed a "scuffle", Mr Biko's head struck one of the walls, sustaining the head injury which he suspects lead to his eventual death.
		It is common cause that Mr Biko was later transported to Pretoria for the purposes of receiving medical attention at some state institution where he was declared dead on arrival or died soon after arrival.
		In the case of both the late Mr Biko and Mr Jones, the applicant suggests that the interrogation was necessary because not much was known of the two detainees save that they were opponents of Apartheid.
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/decisions/1998/981214_niewoudt.htm (1809 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Americas \| Black Brazilians learn from Biko
		"Biko is a reference for us because of his activism as a student, and above all, because he saw education as a weapon against oppression", explains Mr Passos.
		The institute's T-shirts bear Biko's words: "The most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed."
		We learn at history lessons in school that fl people were brought as slaves, and all they left as a legacy is traditional foods, and dances like samba or capoeira," she says.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/americas/4552119.stm (1112 words)

	Home Page
		Steven Biko, a young fl leader, became one of the leading voices against oppression of fls (Pratt 64-65).
		Biko, along with other fl advocates, preached that "Black man, you’ on your own," meaning fls would have to win their own rights (Pasco 93).
		Steve Biko was likable; yet bold to express his beliefs, which challenged white supremacist leaders in his native land.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /History/Africa/05/mason (1271 words)

	Trinity Stores: Icons and Art, Religious Gifts, Catholic & Christian Products
		Steve Biko is a martyr of South Africa.
		His life was spent instilling pride and a sense of identity in fellow Blacks, held in subjection by the apartheid policy of the white government.
		Biko was imprisoned several times for his work and "banned." He died in prison on September 12, 1977, after being tortured and beaten.
	www.trinitystores.com /main.php4?icon=15&artist=1 (174 words)

	Comments on Peter Gabriels songs: Comments on 'Biko' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Biko is another great song from Peter and it's very important to feel the song and what does it mean...
		Biko is the prime example of a man of faith and who strived to get his people the rights that they were deprived of for so many years, a true hero.
		Steven Biko should be a hero to any person who believes freedom, equality and justice.
	rec.horus.at /music/gabriel/Songs/comment.cgi?Biko (5469 words)

	Negro History Bulletin: Opposition in South Africa: The Leadership of Z.K. Matthews, Nelson Mandela, and Stephen Biko. ...
		The establishment of an ANC-affiliated military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in 1961, in the wake of the 1960 Sharpeville massacres, was a marked departure from the non-violent approach of the Matthews era, and further illustrated Mandela's willingness to adjust of his anti-government program to counter increasingly harsh apartheid policies.
		Steven Biko emerged in the leadership vacuum caused by the 1964 imprisonment of many important African leaders, including Mandela.
		Biko reacted to the increasingly stringent apartheid apparatus by being a key founder and foremost proponent of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), an ideology that emphasized fl psychological liberation from white domination as a prerequisite to African liberation.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1157/is_n3_v60/ai_19868312 (1194 words)

	Time 1987 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Steven Biko was a fl South African activist who died while in police custody, and, as Gabriel performs his tribute, the song takes on the power of a folk requiem.
		Biko is a song full of ghosts that will haunt any political present.
		Biko began breaking this image down, and the So album has put it to rest forever.
	www.ingsoc.com /gabriel/articles/time87.html (868 words)

	Compare Prices and Read Reviews on Cry Freedom at Epinions.com
		Washington was little known at the time, but landed the plum role of Steven Biko.
		Steven Biko is unquestionably deserving of his own feature length Hollywood biography.
		The charismatic Biko is a more interesting character than Woods, who often comes across as smug or insolent.
	www.epinions.com /content_26302844548 (716 words)

	Dissertations, Essays on Nelson Mandela and Steven Biko
		Nelson Mandela and Steven Biko are the two most important and influential people in South Africa's long and harsh battle for racial justice.
		Mandela, born almost 30 years before Biko, spent a lifetime fighting for the freedom of fls in South Africa, for 25 years, as a political prisoner.
		Even though it was difficult, they fought through the toughest adversity and persecution, Mandela, a political prisoner for 27 years, and Biko, tortured and killed at an age so young.
	www.essayboom.com /essay/Nelson_Mandela_and_Steven_Biko-19223.html (180 words)

	[No title]
		Unknown Title (Book P. The second text is about Steven Biko, a man who exemplifies the way how fl prisoners were treated by the police in South Africa.
		Steven Biko was one of thousands victims of the “night interrogation”.
		By these methods Steven Bikos brain were damaged fatally so that he fell into coma and died six days later.
	home.arcor.de /ja386/Schule/Summarize.doc (256 words)

	Do you think the world would be significantly different if one or more of the following people had not been killed ...
		Steven Biko was a South African (ANC?) activist who died in police custody.
		In the case of the others who were involved in movements (Biko, MLK, Ghandi, Malcolm X) I think their deaths speeded the changes they were working toward.
		I think this is less true of Malcolm X and (maybe) Steven Biko but that in these cases as well as the first four, their event of their deaths had a major effect on the course of history.
	www.surveycentral.org /?x&V=1147&ReSort=1 (894 words)

	SABCnews.com - south_africa/general (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The 26th-anniversary of the passing of Bantu Stephen Biko, the founder and leader of fl consciousness, got off to a kick-start in Polokwane today.
		For South African's everywhere, Biko week will serve as a symbol of fl resistance to the oppressive Apartheid regime.
		Biko must be remembered, says Achebe (September 15, 2002, 17:15)
	www.sabcnews.com /south_africa/general/0,2172,65330,00.html (253 words)

	Cry Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It is a study of the awakening of the white liberal to the harsh realities of life for fls in South Africa.
		Writing articles condemning Steven Biko, for fl racism against whites because Biko talks about fl pride and fl consciousness influenced by the American Black Power movement, he is challenged to meet with Biko and discuss the realities of South Africa.
		After having developed a relationship with Biko and having new sympathies for his struggle, the editor is shocked when Biko is imprisoned and then murdered by the prison guards.
	members.aol.com /snuffy1186/biko.html (244 words)

	'Cry Freedom'
		In the film as in fact, Woods (Kevin Kline) is initially opposed to Biko for what Woods sees as reverse racism.
		But after meeting Biko (Denzel Washington), he undergoes a radical change and makes Biko's apartheid battles his own.
		But the 1976 slaughter of fl schoolchildren (which happened a year before Biko's death and would have been excellent material for Kline and Washington to experience together) is chronologically and dramatically out of place.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/cryfreedompghowe_a0b116.htm (418 words)

	Confession Lyrics and Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1997, the five men of the nine men implicated in the death of Steven Biko, appeared before the South African Truth Commission.
		The time elapsed since the crime and the inability to secure witnesses to the murder who were willing to testify were cited as the reasons that these men were getting away with murder.
		This song, written from a torturer's point of view, finds many of its details in Biko's killing, but it is a regrettably timely warning for all of us about the use of patriotic emotions to justify behavior toward our fellow human beings for which we would accept no other excuse.
	cattailmusic.com /LyricsandNotes/Confession.htm (279 words)

	VSU Spectator
		It tells the story of South African fl activist Steven Biko (Denzel Washington) and his relationship with a compassionate newspaper editor Donald Woods (Kevin Kline).
		Biko, who led South Africa's Black Consciousness movement, died at the hands of the cruel Apartheid police force.
		Woods was forced to gather his family and flee the country before suffering a similar fate.
	www.valdosta.edu /spec/20040422/features6.shtml (183 words)

	IMDb user comments for Cry Freedom (1987) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is a must-see story of how apartheid was brought to the attention of the world through the activism of Steven Biko and the journalism of Donald Woods.
		When given such an important role to play, I'm sure many actors feel the urge to overplay or over-emphasise both the personality of the character, and their importance to the movement they were involved in.
		The courtroom scene, when Biko engages in something of a debate with the judge, an apologist for apartheid, is great viewing.
	www.imdb.com /CommentsShow?0092804 (1968 words)

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