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Topic: Sthaviravada

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Sarvastivada

Theravada

Mahayana

	Buddhist Scriptures: The Canon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus it is possible to speak of several Canons such as the Sthaviravada, Sarvastivada and Mahayana as well as in term of languages like Pali, Chinese and Tibetan.
		The word is used basically to refer to the literature, the authorship of which is directly or indirectly ascribed to the Buddha himself.
		Besides this Pali recension of the Sthaviravada school there are fragmentary texts of the Sarvastivada or of the Mulasarvastivada which are preserved in Sanskrit.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/history/s_canon.htm (680 words)

	His Eminence the Eighth Dorzong Rinpoche - Divers Texts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The precepts for the Sthaviravada Vinaya fully-ordained monks are 227.
		Further differences are that the Mulasarvastivada considers being an albino as an obstacle to receiving vows, while the Sthaviravada does not mention this; and when the Mulasarvastivada school maintains that at the time of ordination only head and moustache need to be shaved, while one of the other school includes also the eyebrows.
		Also in the Sthaviravada schools, when a novice monk breaks any one of the 10 novice precepts, his vow is broken but it is not a defeat, which means that he can take back that precept and return to his previous novice status.
	www.dorzongrinpoche.org /texts02.htm (3747 words)

	Beliefnet.com
		The former version was compiled by the Theravada / Sthaviravada, while the latter is derived from the Sarvastivada and has been included in the Chinese Tripitaka.
		While both versions originated in Northern India in gatha poetic formats under the 1st council, the former is the version which spread to the Southern region of India and South East Asia through the initiative of king Ashoka (100-200 years later) who sent his children to Sri Lanka.
		The Sthaviravada leadership also taught that the Buddha’s enlightenment was beyond the ability of regular common mortals and so instituted as the highest authority the lesser form of enlightenment expounded by the Arharts and allowed social imperfections to persist within the governing rules of the order and in the sangha itself.
	www.beliefnet.com /boards/message_list.asp?pageID=54&discussionID=220009&messages_per_page=1 (597 words)

	Buddhist Scriptures: First Rehearsal of the Tipitaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Sthaviravada and Mahasamghika versions do not mention its recitation, and since the agreement of these two schools should establish the oldest available textual tradition it appears that originally there were only two Pitakas.
		Thus in Sri Lanka, at least, in the Sthaviravada School, it is recorded that the monks were organised in groups specialising in each of the agamas or the Vinaya or the Abhidhamma, handing these texts down to their pupils and so maintaining the tradition.
		In fact even ten years after his full 'entrance' into the community a monk was expected to know, besides part of the Vinaya discipline obligatory for all, only a part, usually about a third, of his agama, and these basic texts are pointed out in the commentary on the Vinaya.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/history/s_collect.htm (1377 words)

	Buddhist Studies: The Rise of the Mahayana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Madhyamika attacked the Sthaviravada belief that everything, even component parts are in perpetual flux or state of becoming.
		Firstly there is the Arahant Ideal which is emphasised by the Sthaviravada or as it is currently known - the Theravada.
		This is release from the Samsara by following the teachings of an enlightened Buddha by the cultivation of Sila (Good Conduct), Samadhi (Mental cultivation or meditation) and Prajna (Trancendental Wisdom of seeing things as they really are).
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/buddhistworld/maha2.htm (1609 words)

	Sthaviravada Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Looking For sthaviravada - Find sthaviravada and more at Lycos Search.
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Sthaviravada (285 words)

	Buddhism & Buddhist Literature in Early Indian Epigraphy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By skillfully weaving together all the available information, the author is able to paint a vivid portrait of Asoka, the great Mauryan ruler, and his munificent patronage of and active steps in furthering the Buddhist faith.
		He shows too that following the Second Buddhist Council, the Buddhist world saw a schism in the Buddhist Samgha and the formation of two major sects: the Sthaviravada or the Hinayana, on the one hand, and the Theravada or the Mahasamghika, on the other, and that from these about eighteen sub-sects were born.
		Drawing upon some hitherto untapped inscriptional sources, this study shows how these sub-sects came into existence, their central tenets and doctrines, and their development under the patronage of the rulers of the time who played an extremely active role in their growth and development.
	www.coronetbooks.com /books/budd0376.htm (296 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the second Buddhist council, the dispute arose about the matter of adherence to monastic rules (vinaya).
		A conservative group known as Sthaviravada insisted on strict observation of vinaya.
		A more liberal group known as Mahasangikas argued that some minor rules could be relaxed.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Nikaya_Buddhism (459 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This way, the Gautamic doctrines (originating in the north-east heartland of India) got subsumed by the Mahayana, and its core doctrines, the Agama sutras, placed at the bottom of the heap; to serve as beating boys for the Bodhisattva ideals of provisional Mahayana.
		However, a subsect of the Sthaviravada called the Sarvastivada was actively engaged in this Council.
		Though the outcome of this “marriage of convenience” was an initial coup for the Mahayana, but a problem looms because, over time, it solidifies Gautama’s position as Shakyamuni Buddha; the source of buddhism.
	honmonshoshu.fujimon.org /mahayana.htm (1242 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Legend has it that Nagarjuna recieved instruction from theNagas (Serpent Kings) when he visited their Dragon's Palace under the sea.Nagarjuna taught that there is neither reality nor non-reality but onlyrelativity.
		Madhyamika attacked the Sthaviravada belief that everything,evencomponent parts are in perpetual flux or state of becoming.
		Firstly there is the Arahant Idealwhich is emphasised by the Sthaviravada or as it is currently known - theTheravada.
	www.buddhanet.net /filelib/mahabud/mahayana.txt (1060 words)

	Sthaviravada - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Sthaviravada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Here you will find more informations about Sthaviravada.
		If you find this encyclopedia or its sister projects useful,
		The Shtavirada were the proponents of an orthodox understanding of the Buddha's teachings, but the Mahasanghikas seem to have been more liberal and represented the majority, hence their name.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Sthaviravada.html (137 words)

	Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism: twenty Hinayana schools
		At that point, the Buddhist community split into two schools: the Sthaviravada (Pali Theravada) school, which rejected Mahadeva's views, and the Mahasamghika school, which supported them.
		The Sthaviravada school divided during the third one-hundred-year period after the Buddha's death; first the Sarvastivada school broke away, while the original Sthaviravada school called itself the Haimavata school.
		The schools arising from these schisms are sometimes referred to as the eighteen Hinayana schools, a designation that does not include the two original schools, Sthaviravada and Mahasamghika.
	www.sgi-usa.org /buddhism/library/sgdb/lexicon.cgi?tid=2635 (330 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In //Sthaviravada// hetu came to have a very narrow significance, namely, to indicate the conditioning of certain states of consciousness by the three defilements: greed, hate and delusion.
		Finally, it came to mean the whole law of causation when it has reference merely to moral retribution.
		In the early days, and in //Sthaviravada//, general causality and kamma were very sharply distinguished.
	departments.colgate.edu /greatreligions/pages/buddhanet/theravada/originat.txt (3768 words)

	Buddhist Councils
		The actual split may have occurred at Pataliputra, not Vaisali over details of the Vinaya.
		In the non-Theravadin version of events, the Mahasangha followed the original vinaya and the Sthaviravada (the Elders) wanted changes.
		What exactly happened is unlikely to be ever revealed, but the first split in the Sangha was a fact.
	www.buddhistpilgrimage.info /buddhist_councils.htm (683 words)

	Tsechen Samdrup Ling / Kyegu Buddhist Institute - Philosophy of Liberation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Based mainly on the Hinayana and Vinayana scriptures, the first four divisions of Buddhism arose in the forms of Sarastivada, Mahasanghika, Sthaviravada and Sammitiya.
		In the present time the Buddhist schools in Tibet and China, for instance, follow the Vinaya system of Sarvastivada, whereas their counterparts in Sri Lanka, Thailand and Burma follow the Vinaya system of Sthaviravada, which is called Theravada in Pali language.
		The most striking difference between the two systems is that under the Sarvastivada system a person wishing to become a novice or full monk must take the vow for entire life without any exception, but in the Theravada system one can become a monk for a limited period of time, eg.
	www.kbi.org.au /frames/liberation.html (3775 words)

	Theravada (sthaviravada) (from Buddhism) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Adherents of Theravada accept as authoritative the Pali canon of ancient Indian Buddhism and trace their lineage back to the Sthaviras (Pali: Theras; “Elders”), who followed in the tradition of the senior monks of the first Buddhist sangha.
		More results on "Theravada (sthaviravada) (from Buddhism)" when you join.
		More from Britannica on "Theravada (sthaviravada) (from Buddhism)"...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-68703 (854 words)

	Brian Hafer’s Homepage - Deity Yoga
		The goal of Hinayana practice is to reach the stage of an arhat, one who has rid oneself of the defilements of ignorance (avidya), attachment (raga), and aversion (dvesha) with the aid of a teacher.
		The Mahasanghika, to which the rise of the Mahayana is apparently deeply indebted, and the Sthaviravada, from which the modern Theravada school arose, both were descended from a common form of primitive Buddhism.
		The Hinayana that is often criticized in the texts of the other two vehicles as having fallen into the trap of reification of the dharmas is also descended from the Sthaviravada.
	bhafer.home.comcast.net /deityyoga.html (12280 words)

	Cronologia Histórica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ocorreu o primeiro cisma da Sangha, em que a escola Mahasanghika se separa da Sthaviravada.
		Os reformistas se denominavam Sthaviravada (O ensinamento antigo/original) e a maioria se denominava Mahasanghika (aqueles que pertencem à Sangha universal).
		Dentro das fraternidades monásticas do Sthaviravada, três escolas de pensamento se desenvolveram durante o terceiro século AC: Puggalavada, Sarvastivada e Vibhajjavada.
	www.acessoaoinsight.net /cronologia.htm (2535 words)

	Historical View of Buddhism
		Theravada and Mahasamghika: About a century after Sakyamuni's death, divisions began to appear in the sangha.
		One, conservative, held strictly to doc-trine and practice as originally formulated; this was the School of Elders (Pali: Theravada; Sanskrit: Sthaviravada).
		The other, liberal, interpreted doc-trine and practice with greater freedom; this was the School of the Great Assembly (Skt.: Mahasamghika).
	www.geocities.com /chris_holte/Buddhism/IssuesInBuddhism/Historicalview.htm (5068 words)

	Mahayana Buddhism
		between the Sthaviravada (Doctrine of the Elders) and the Mahasangika (Great Community) eventually hardened into a major division between two significantly different approaches to Buddhsim.
		Greater Vehicle,” by which they meant to imply that their approach was superior because it could carry more people to the shores of nirvana.
		he Pali pronunciation of Sthaviravada) to refer to those traditions that preserved the original teachings of the historical Buddha.
	brian.hoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu /REL315/06.MahayanaBuddhism.html (1246 words)

	Beliefnet.com
		And both version derived from a common source.
		The suttas, discourse, were codified long before that.
		The early Theravada recognized as is plainly evidenced in the texts that the awakening of the arahant and of the Buddha is not different and is open to those who do the practice.
	about.beliefnet.com /boards/message_list.asp?pageID=16&discussionID=220009&messages_per_page=4 (1288 words)

	Glossário
		THERAVADA (páli) - Ensinamentos dos Antigos; escola do grupo STHAVIRAVADA fundada pelo monge Moggaliputta Tissa.
		VATSIPUTRIYA - escola surgida por volta de 240 a.C. a partir da do grupo STHAVIRAVADA; também conhecida como PUDGALAVADA.
		VIBHAJYAVADA - escola surgida por volta de 240 a.C. a partir do grupo STHAVIRAVADA; deu origem às escolas MAHISHASIKA e THERAVADA.
	budismotibetano.no.sapo.pt /glossario.htm (3378 words)

	Thinking in Buddhism: Nagarjuna's Mulamadhyamikakarikas (part 4)
		This factional history, though technically confusing and incompletely documented, has extensive import, for it was a precursor to the bifurcation into the "Greater" and "Lesser Schools" of Buddhism.
		Broadly speaking, the Mahasanghika led to the formation of Mahayana, while their opponents, the Sthaviravada, became the Hinayana, or Theravada.
		These three will be summarized here and treated more fully later.
	bahai-library.com /personal/jw/other.pubs/nagarjuna/nag04.html (5335 words)

	Glossário de Termos Budistas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		CHONDENDEMA SHERABKYI PARAROLTUCHINPE NYINGPO/ BDOM LDAN 'DAS MA SHES RAB KYI PHA ROL TU PHYING PA'I SNYING PO) - um dos principais e mais breves textos do PRAJNA-PARAMITA SUTRA, de grande importância para o budismo MAHAYANA.
		MAHASANGHIKA (sânsc.) - Grande Comunidade; escola que se separou do grupo STHAVIRAVADA após o concílio de Pataliputra, precursora do budismo MAHAYANA.
		STHAVIRAVADA (sânsc.) - escola que se separou do grupo MAHASANGHIKA após do concílio de Pataliputra.
	www.viacapella.com.br /portal/glossario.htm (5741 words)

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