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Topic: Stigmasterol

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	Process for separating stigmasterol-derived products (II) - Patent 4222949
		The stigmasterol is extremely difficult to separate from the sitosterol because the two compounds differ structurally by a single double bond in the aliphatic side chain.
		The separation of the stigmasterol from sitosterol and the other phytosterols such as campesterol is important since the stigmasterol can be used in the preparation of certain pharmaceuticals such as progesterone which also can be used to prepare other steroids, cortisone and the like.
		Previously, the separation of stigmasterol from the other phytosterols in phytosterol mixtures has been carried out by the Winders and Hauth bromination method whereby a mixture of physterol acetates is brominated, crystallizing out the relatively insoluble stigmasterol acetate tetrabromide, and separating stigmasterol therefrom.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4222949.html (1608 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Disruption of Cholesterol Homeostasis By Plant Sterols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Plant sterols (including sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) represent a large proportion of dietary sterols, and yet the concentration of plant sterols in the blood and tissues of normal mammals is uniformly low when compared to the concentration of cholesterol (1).
		In contrast to sitosterol, stigmasterol treatment (25 g/ml) was associated with a 5-fold increase in luciferase expression, and this increase in expression was inhibited by the addition of arachidonate.
		The levels of stigmasterol required to demonstrate a reduction in HMGCR protein were similar to those measured in the circulation of G5G8^sup -/-^ mice (7), which suggests that the accumulation of this sterol may contribute to altered cholesterol homeostasis in the GJG8^sup -/-^ mice.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=94007 (8138 words)

	Materia Medica
		Stigmasterol is chemically converted to progesterone, by a pathway unrelated to synthesis in the body.
		Stigmasterol may also be converted through a microbial process to make other steroids, including estrone or testosterone.
		There is no evidence that the body can use either diosgenin or stigmasterol in any way to synthesize steroid hormones, or that, if it can, that it is not as likely to produce male hormones or cortisone as it is to produce female hormones.
	medherb.com /Materia_Medica/Dioscorea_-_Wild_Yam_and_hormonal_synthesis.htm (403 words)

	Natural Skin Care \| Botanical Skin Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Stigmasterol is an unsaturated plant sterol usually found in occurring in plant fats like calabar bean, soybean oil, rape seed and cocoa butter.
		Stigmasterol is used as a starting material in the manufacture of synthetic progesterone, but has other interesting properties as well.
		Certain extracts of stigmasterol have also been found to be affective topical anti-inflammatory agents.
	www.botanicalworks.com /Sheabutterbuy.htm (456 words)

	STIGMASTEROL (PHYTOSTEROL)
		Beta-sitosterol is the most abundant phytosterol and others include campesterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, brassicasterol, delta-7-stigmasterol and delta-7-avenasterol.
		stigmasterol is an unsaturated plant sterol occurring in plant fats like such as calabar bean, soybean oil, rape seed and cocoa butter.
		It is used as a starting material in the manufacture of synthetic progesterone, a female sex hormone that plays an important physiological role to regularize and rebuild changes to the body caused by estrogen as well as in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
	www.chemicalland21.com /lifescience/phar/STIGMASTEROL.htm (351 words)

	AOAC International \| Publications \| Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL (JAOAC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The content of stigmasterol and its oxidation products 7a- and 7b-hydroxy, a- and b-epoxy, triol, and 7-ketostigmasterol were determined during incubation at 60°C for 3, 6, and 9 days.
		Correlation between the levels of the accumulated stigmasterol oxides and peroxide value of the TAG with antioxidants during incubation was significant only for rosemary extract (R = 0.6799, p < 0.05).
		Correlation between stigmasterol content and the level of stigmasterol oxides was significant for all samples (R = 0.8874, p < 0.05).
	www.aoac.org /pubs/New_Journal/2004/Mar_Apr_04/Inhibition_of_Stigmasterol.htm (222 words)

	Compounds and vitamin supplements and methods for making same - Patent 4588717
		A method as defined in claim 37 wherein the sitosterol ester, the stigmasterol ester, and the taraxasterol ester are administered to the animal by an administration method selected from the group consisting of oral administration, topical administration, and parenteral administration.
		It is the sitosterol ester and the stigmasterol ester which provide the steroids and hormones in the steroid vitamin supplements of the present invention.
		To the sitosterol ester and/or stigmasterol ester may be added a taraxasterol ester which serves to enhance absorption of the sitosterol ester and/or stigmasterol ester into the animal or plant host.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4588717.html (15386 words)

	A Professional Stigmasterol Manufacturer & Exporter: China Jiangsu Spring Fruit Biological Products Co.,Ltd.
		Stigmasterol, a kind of white, crystalline powder, practically odorless, is separated from natural phytosterol through a series of new technology.
		Stigmasterol is not so sensitive to heat and air.
		Stimasterol is a raw material for the synthetic of some drug, such as progesterone, cortisone and other steroid cortex hormone, plant hormone etc. It has the effect of decrease-cholesterol in clinical, and it is also a skin-nutrient additive for cosmetics.
	www.natural-ve.com /en/stigmasterol.html (213 words)

	Cholesterol Monohydrate Nucleation in Ultrathin Films on Water -- Rapaport et al. 81 (5): 2729 -- Biophysical Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cholesterol, stigmasterol, and cholesterylacetate of the highest purity available were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
		Stigmasterol (Scheme 1) on water has structural properties somewhat similar to that of cholesterol, as established via GIXD
		The observation that the molecular arrangement of the stigmasterol crystalline trilayer is similar to that of its 3-D macroscopic
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/81/5/2729 (3689 words)

	Phytosterols
		The next most abundant phytosterols are campesterol (about 33%) and stigmasterol (about 2 to 5%).
		Phytosterols are also known as plant sterols and, owing to their large sitosterol content, are sometimes called sitosterol.
		Another proposed mechanism is the possible inhibition of the rate of cholesterol esterification in the intestinal mucosa.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/phy_0205.shtml (1089 words)

	Process for separating stigmasterol-derived products - Patent 4192811
		A process which comprises treating a crude mixture of sterols containing stigmasterol to form the i-methyl ethers of said sterols, ozonizing the mixed phytosterol i-methyl ethers, reducing the phytosterol ozonide to form 6-.beta.-methoxy-3.alpha.,5.alpha.-cyclodinorcholanaldehyde and the i-methyl ethers of stigmasterol and campesterol.
		The separation of the stigmasterol from sitosterol and the other phytosterols such as campestrol is important since the stigmasterol can be used in the preparation of certain pharmaceuticals such as progesterone which also can be used to prepare other steroids, cortisone and the like.
		In accordance with the present invention mixtures of phytosterol compositions containing stigmasterol are reacted to form the i-methyl ethers.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4192811.html (1385 words)

	Sumacazon Research
		Furthermore, a mixture of stigmasterol and sitosterol, their glycosides and also allantoin were identified.
		"Stigmasterol comes about as close as any other plant sterol to being useful in steroid synthesis by yields what is better called a semi-synthesis.
		It must be emphasized that there is not an equivalency between plant steroids and human steroids.
	creation-designs.com /Amazon_Herbs/Sumacazon_Research.htm?pfl=RR1') (846 words)

	Sterol Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		As a rough generality, a typical plant sterol mixture would be 70% sitosterol, 20% stigmasterol and 5% campesterol.
		Stigmasterol may be required specifically for cell proliferation.
		Usually the sterol components of sterol esters are similar to the free sterols, although there may be relatively less of stigmasterol [8].
	www.doctorphyto.com /library/Editorials/Food_Chemistry/Sterol_Chemistry.htm (1619 words)

	Fate of intravenously administered squalene and plant sterols in human subjects -- Relas et al. 42 (6): 988 -- Journal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		CM squalene (open circles), campesterol (solid squares), sitosterol (open squares), stigmasterol (solid diamonds), and triglyceride (solid circles) disappearance curves after the injection of squalene emulsion.
		Incremental concentration curves of squalene (open circles), campesterol (solid squares), sitosterol (open squares), and stigmasterol (solid diamonds) in VLDL (A), cholesterol (solid triangles) and triglycerides (solid circles) in VLDL (B), sitosterol and stigmasterol in LDL (C), and sitosterol in HDL (D) after the injection of squalene emulsion.
		and stigmasterol, and the appearance of sitosterol, in HDL is
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/42/6/988 (3780 words)

	STIGMASTEROL AND FIRE RETARDANT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Julian investigated the tank and found that a mass of some white substance had settled on the bottom of the tank.
		He instantly recalled his geneserin research and concluded that it was stigmasterol.
		Julian immediately centrifuged the tank and extracted the stigmasterol from the bottom and skimmed off the substance floating on the surface for analysis.
	www.frankmckinnon.com /stigmasterol_and_fire_retardant.htm (212 words)

	stigmasterol(55) - wuhan zhongxin chemical industrial company
		Stigmasterol, a kind of white, crystalline powder, practically odorless, is seperated from nature phytosterol through a series of new technology.
		Stability: Stigmasterol is not so sensitive to heat and air.
		Uses: Stigmasterol is a raw material for the synthetic of some drug, such as progesterone,cortisone and other steroid cortex hormone, plant hormone etc. It has the effect of decrease-cholesterol in clinical, and it is also a skin-nutrient additive for cosmetics.
	www.allproducts.com /manufacture98/wangxbao/product5.html (195 words)

	Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis by plant sterols -- Yang et al. 114 (6): 813 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		After 16 hours, sterols were added in ethanol at either 50 µg/ml for cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and bassicasterol or 1 µg/ml for 25-hydroxycholesterol plus 10 µg/ml cholesterol (25-HC + C).
		Stigmasterol induces a dose-dependent reduction in HMGCR protein in Y1-BS1 cells.
		stigmasterol, and to a lesser extent campesterol, interferes
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/114/6/813 (6776 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Stigmasterol n/a Brassicasterol n/a a) Purification : Vegetable sterols were purchased commercially from Henkel and ADM. b) Hydrogenation : The vegetable
		is selected from the group consisting of sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, desmosterol, chalinosterol, poriferasterol, clionasterol and all natural or synthesized forms and derivatives thereof, including isomers.
		The process of claim 11 wherein the phytosterol and phytostanol are dissolved in the solvent at a temperature of between 18 and 80° C. The process of claim 11 wherein the solvent is cooled, at step b) to a temperature of between 1 and
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/53320.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7378 words)

	61D-23 Changes in phytosterols of peanuts during maturation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and avenasterol were found in all samples of the Georgia Green peanuts.
		Lesser amounts of campesterol (12-15mg/100g), avenasterol (6-19mg/100g), and stigmasterol (3-9mg/100g) were found.
		The content of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol both increased significantly at each degree of maturity--usually 33-66% while campesterol levels remained unchanged.
	ift.confex.com /ift/2002/techprogram/paper_13927.htm (323 words)

	Poster Presentation 7-17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The muirapuama root was harvested in the Amazon rain forest and a supercritical fluidextract prepared with carbon dioxide (40°C, 400 bars, 30 minutes) (extract 1) and with ethanol, hexane and chloroform (extract 2).
		However, in the supercritical fluid extract no residues were found like in extract 2.
		The shorter extraction times in the supercritical fluid extraction technique of steroids like stigmasterol and sitosterol make the supercritical fluid extraction the technique of choice.
	www.ct.ornl.gov /symposium/24th/index_files/poster07_17.htm (195 words)

	Facts
		(40% beta - sitosterol, 30% campesterol, and 30 % stigmasterol) Clinical studies have shown that phytosterols act to block cholesterol in the intestines and inhibit excess cholesterol uptake into the bloodstream.
		Phytosterols compete with cholesterol for sterol receptor sites in the intestines, but unlike cholesterol, phytosterols are poorly absorbed and excreted out of the body never entering the bloodstream.
		In terms of cholesterol control, several human feeding studies have shown that phytosterol-containing margarine (40 grams of phytosterols in a mixture of beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol), consumed for 3-4 weeks, can reduce total and LDL cholesterol concentrations by about 20%.
	doctorswellnesscenter.com /cholestin/facts.htm (1681 words)

	eMedicine - Sitosterolemia : Article Excerpt by: Robert D Steiner, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Subsequently, they were found to have significantly elevated plasma levels of plant sterols in the form of beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol.
		Arteries and xanthomas in patients with sitosterolemia contain increased amounts of these sterols, particularly sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and their 5-alpha derivatives.
		Untreated, the condition causes a significant increase in morbidity and mortality.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/sitosterolemia.htm (612 words)

	sterols
		In higher plants, the first sterols were isolated by Hesse (1878) from the Calabar beans (Phytostigma venenosum) which coined the term "phytosterine".
		This substance was later named stigmasterol (Windaus and Hault, 1906) from the plant genus.
		The sterol moiety was determined to be composed of various sterols: campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, brassicasterol and dihydrositosterol.
	www.cyberlipid.org /sterols/ster0003.htm (2011 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The arrest of cell growth by 1 and 40 μmol/L mevastatin was negated when this inhibitor of HMGR was supplied in the presence of either mevalonolactone (MVL) or farnesyl diphosphate (FDP).
		For studies on the effect of mevastatin plus isoprenoid compounds on cell growth, MVL (6 mmol/L), FDP (10 μmol/L) and stigmasterol (10 μmol/L), prepared in DMSO, were added to cell cultures together with 1 μmol/L or 40 μmol/L mevastatin after 7 days of cell growth and changes in cell number monitored.
		By comparison, stigmasterol had little or no effect on inhibition of cell growth induced by mevastatin at 1 μmol/L. The response of cell cultures treated with mevastatin (40 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of MVL (or FDP, or stigmasterol) is shown in Figure 4B.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?jb03054 (3445 words)

	Bioactive new bitter-tasting p-hydroxystyrene glycoside and other constituents from the fern Elaphoglossum spathulatum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Moreover, we report herein the isolation of the hopanoid diploptene, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, ergost-5-en-3-ol, phytol, aspidinol, desaspidinol, vitamin E, neophytadiene, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanone, and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone.
		Here we report on the identification of the hopanoid diploptene, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, ergost-5-en-3-ol, phytol, aspidinol, desaspidinol, vitamin E, neophytadiene, methyl arachidonate, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanone, and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone from the ether extract, as well as the new glycosides elaphoside-A and the well-known bitter substance naringin from the methanol extract.
		The diethyl ether extract was analyzed by GC─MS to detect the common plant constituents β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, ergost-5-en-3-ol, stigmast-4-en-3-one, phytol, neophytadiene, vitamin E, methyl arachidonate, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone and 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanone.
	www.arkat-usa.org /ark/journal/2003/I10_Rossi-Ruveda/RR-888C/888C.asp (2930 words)

	Biotechterms.org
		A phytosterol that is produced within the seeds of the soybean plant (Glycine max L.), among others.
		Evidence indicates that human consumption of stigmasterol helps to reduce levels of total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDLP); thereby lowering risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
		Evidence indicates that certain phytosterols (including stigmasterol) interfere with absorption of cholesterol by the intestines, and decrease the body's recovrey and re-use of cholesterol-containing bile salts; which causes more cholesterol to be excreted from the body.
	biotechterms.org /sourcebook/saveidretrieve.php3?id=2843 (91 words)

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