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	Short Stirling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Stirling proved an excellent design and pilots were delighted to discover they could outturn the Ju 88 and Me 110 nightfighters they faced, due to the thick wing.
		This was the sort of load being carried by the RAF's medium bombers such as the Vickers Wellington, and by 1944 by the de Havilland Mosquito.
		By December 1943, Stirlings were being withdrawn from bombing, seeing more use for dropping mines outside German ports and dropping spies deep behind enemy lines at night (through the now unused ventral turret ring).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Short_Stirling (1682 words)

	Wikinfo \| Stirling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Stirling is a city in central Scotland, and is also the name of one of Scotland's 32 unitary council regions.
		Stirling has been strategically significant since at least the Roman occupation of Britain, due to its easily defensible hill (latterly the site of Stirling Castle) and its commanding position beside the River Forth.
		Stirling is also one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland with a population of about 85,000.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Stirling (441 words)

	RAF History - Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
		Air Ministry Specification B12/36, to which the Stirling was one of 11 designs proposed by various companies, called for a four-engined heavy bomber capable of carrying a bombload of 14,000lbs with a range of 3,000 miles a remarkably demanding request for the time).
		Early test flights of the Stirling were dramatic affairs; on the maiden flight of the first full-size prototype in May 1939, a wheelbrake locked on landing causing the aircraft to slew violently and collapse one of the undercarriage legs.
		By mid-1944 the Stirlings had found a new lease of life as troop-carriers or glider-tugs, being used as such during the D-Day landings.
	www.raf.mod.uk /bombercommand/stirling.html (958 words)

	Ron Middleton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On 28 November 1942, Middleton was captain of a Stirling I bomber detailed to bomb the Fiat works at Turin.
		It was his twenty-ninth combat sortie, one short of the thirty required for completion of a 'tour' and mandatory rotation off combat operations.
		Middleton made three low level passes over the target to identify it, and on the third of these passes his aircraft was hit by heavy and sustained anti-aircraft fire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rawdon_Hume_Middleton (611 words)

	Stirling Bomber
		A total of 2381 Stirling's were built for the Royal air Force and from this total 641 Stirling bombers were lost to enemy action.
		Nicknamed the "Queen of the Skies", the Stirling was the 1st four engined bomber to enter service with the RAF in 1941.
		By September 1944 other bombers were taking the brunt of the attack to the Germans and the Stirlings were used mainly for glider towing especially for D-day and Arnhem.
	www.aviationartprints.com /stirling_bomber.htm (2207 words)

	Other aircraft
		A tribute to the RAF's jet bomber on its 50th birthday in 1999.
		Stirling crews gallantly played a major role in the Arnhem landing after towing gliders to Normandy, and again during the Rhine crossing.
		Stirlings were also familiar to many Lancaster crews who flew on them during training.
	www.207squadron.rafinfo.org.uk /links_otherac.htm (509 words)

	[No title]
		The Stirling was Shorts' response to the Air Ministry specification B.12/36 requesting designs for a four engined heavy bomber.
		The Stirlings' bomb bay arrangement, which consisted of a neat system of cells in the fuselage, also became another restriction to the aircraft usefulness.
		The Stirling mainly due to its low ceiling caused by its restricted wing span, began to suffer the highest losses amongst attacking aircraft.
	www.lancaster-archive.com /stirling.htm (760 words)

	VC'S: The Victoris Cross recipients
		As Bomber Command’s first winners of the VC, Garland was the pilot and Gray the navigator of a single-engine Battle aircraft leading a vital formation attack on 12th May 1940, against heavy anti-aircraft fire and fighter opposition which cost them their lives.
		Badly burned as he fought fires that melted the floor of his Hampden bomber beneath him, his courage ensured the survival of his aircraft which was bombing German invasion barges at the height of the Battle of Britain.
		With his Lancaster bomber ablaze and the order given to abandon the aircraft, he was badly burned trying desperately to rescue the rear gunner and died soon after baling out.
	www.rafbombercommand.com /people_vc.html (967 words)

	Short Stirling schemes for Fighter Squadron-SDOE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This Stirling Mk I scheme is that of an aircraft which flew on the first Stirling bomber operation of the war on 10 February 1941.
		Stirling LJ525, EX-R 'Jolly Roger', 199 (RGM) Squadron, RAF, North Creake, 1944-45.
		A Stirling Mk III, this nose art-adorned machine wears a fairly typical, high, straight upper and lower surfaces demarcation line which was the standard RAF night bomber scheme for much of the war.
	www.freewebs.com /rafh/rafh/stirling/stirling.html (93 words)

	Navigator
		By mid 1944 the Shorts Stirling had been removed from nightly bombing operations over Germany, it was replaced by either the Halifax or Lancaster which could carry greater bomb loads and fly at a higher operational ceiling than the Stirling.
		But Bomber Command’s first four engine bomber was still of some use and continued to be used for towing gliders and special operations.
		While other squadrons were standing down their Stirlings, 199 Squadron was disposing of its Wellingtons and converting to Stirlings in anticipation of becoming a countermeasures squadron.
	www.bombercrew.com /199sqn.htm (1540 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Dutch town buries its wartime RAF heroes
		Stirling N3654, of No 15 Squadron, had taken off from RAF Alconbury, in Cambridgeshire on May 11, 1941, for the hazardous night-time bombing of Berlin.
		As it crossed the Dutch coast it was attacked by a German night fighter and plummeted to the ground in a mass of flames near the village of Opmeer, northern Holland.
		It is thought that one of the fuel tanks exploded and the front end of the Stirling was blown apart, explaining why Wg Cdr Dale's body was found away from the bomber.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/05/12/wraf12.xml (593 words)

	Striking by Night (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		An Australian Stirling pilot, Flight Sergeant R. Middleton, was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross after a raid on Turin, Italy, in November 1942.
		The Stirling could not achieve the altitude or range of the Lancaster, and had a reduced bomber role as the war progressed.
		Stirling bomber aircraft of No. 46 Squadron RAF in flight.
	www.awm.gov.au /striking/planes/british/stirling.asp (99 words)

	[No title]
		Stirlings operated from the latter during its original role as an RAF WWII airfield.
		Sadly, the good fortune that had followed him though the Stirling tour now departed: he was shot down over Berlin on the 23rd of August 1943 and spent the remaining 23 months of the war in the notorious Stalag Luft 3, of "Great Escape" fame.
		A legacy to The Stirling Project is another way in which you can support the continuing efforts of a small, but dedicated, band of enthusiasts, giving freely of their time and knowledge to see an example of the Short Stirling bomber brought into being again.
	homepages.tesco.net /~stirling.project/newsletter5.htm (2048 words)

	Scoop: Lost Bomber Crew to Be Buried in the Netherlands
		The Stirling was reportedly attacked by a German night-fighter and afterwards crashed near Bentelo, in the commune of Delden, five kilometres west of Hengelo in the Netherlands.
		The crew of Stirling W7624 are commemorated on the Runnymede memorial, which overlooks the river Thames on Cooper’s Hill at Englefield Green.
		Other heavy bombers were flown in the shape of Lincolns and Washingtons, but in 1953, XV Squadron moved into the jet age with Canberras.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/WO0608/S00100.htm (1803 words)

	RAF Bomber Navigators Memoirs George Baker
		Normally, the Stirling flew quite well on three engines, but it soon became apparent that something was wrong, for pronounced rhythmic shudders were running the length of the airframe.
		A solicitous warrant officer said that a meal was being prepared for us, and that after we had had a wash-and-brush-up perhaps we would join him in a drink.
		I, being the navigator, was taken aside and, in conditions of great secrecy, initiated into the mysteries of Gee, the earliest of the electronic aids to navigation.
	www.bomber-command.info /NAZAIRE.htm (3018 words)

	The Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum - Projects - Volunteers at the Stirling Smith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A century later, when due to the dwindling funds of the original Trust, it had structural and financial difficulties, the Friends of the Smith were formed with the remit of rescuing and restoring the organisation.
		The Stirling Field and Archaeological Society, the Stirling Literary Society, the Philatelic Society and the Embroiderer's Guild are four of the twenty groups who meet in the Smith's lecture room in the evening, and who gladly give help when asked.
		Other film contributions have come from journalist turned art student Ann Shaw, who produced a film of the Stirling Millennium fireworks as a project for her degree at the Chicago Art Institute, and from other students in the Film and Media Studies Unit at the University of Stirling.
	www.smithartgallery.demon.co.uk /volunteers.htm (931 words)

	Short Sterling prints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A number of just-completed Stirlings were destroyed on the ground, and the factories were heavily damaged, setting back production by almost a year.
		The Stirling proved an excellent design and pilots were delighted to discover she could outturn the Ju 88 and Me 110 nightfighters they faced, a side effect of that thick wing.
		By December 1943, Stirlings were already being phased out of bomber duty, seeing more use for dropping mines outside German ports, and dropping spies deep behind enemy lines at night (through the now unused ventral turret ring).
	www.tfacc.co.uk /qp/stirling.htm (1581 words)

	Short S29 Stirling
		Short answered with the sperimental S 31 plane, that was pratically a model in 1:2 scale of S 29, and that flew on 19 September 1938.
		For almost 3 years the plane, improved with the Mk.III version, remained the main RAF bombing plane, but with the arrival of new Lancasters and Halifax, at the beginning of 1944 it was assigned to softer transport duties.
		The Stirling Mk.IV, without two turrets and modified with the necessary equipment had a principal role in the aerotransport duties of the Overlord and Market Garden allied operations, in where they took glirders on targets.
	www.tgplanes.com /planfile.asp?idplane=113 (218 words)

	Stirling
		Shorts Stirling hold many records- the first 4-engined monoplane bomber of W.W.II, the the first designed from the outset with 4 engines and the first to be withdrawn from service.
		It harks back to the days when the monoplane was the latest innovation- a time that designers spawned the Whitley, the Hampton and the Hendon bombers.
		Night bombing had to be learned somewhere, dealing with navigation, radar and worst of all in those harsh winters of the early '40s- ice.
	home.clara.net /mdalgleish/aircraft/stirling/stirling.htm (778 words)

	The Royal Air Force operations in support of D-Day
		This section includes medium and light bombers (Bostons and Mitchells etc) as well as Bomber Command's heavies, the Lancaster and Halifax.
		The Stirling is also included here as they made a vital contribution to the deception effort during the night of 5th/6th June by flying Operation GLIMMER.
		More Stirlings undertook transport/paratroop drop missions than bombing sorties in support of the invasion from the very first hours.
	www.raf.mod.uk /dday/ac_bombers_index.html (177 words)

	The Stirling Project
		The Stirling forward fuselage is a massive item resembling a railway carriage in overall dimensions, though fortunately the structure is relatively simple with few compound curves or complex machinings.
		Listeners possessing Stirling parts or drawings were invited to donate these to the rebuilding of this aircraft.
		The heavy job was a Stirling bomber, full of parachutists newly arrived at Ringway and being given 'air experience'.
	homepages.tesco.net /~stirling.project/newsletter1.htm (1376 words)

	Aviation Art
		In this portrait of one of Bomber Commands oft-forgotten workhorses, the original Friday the 13th is set against a stunning evening cloudscape.
		Up until this point the means available to Bomber Command of accurately finding their targets were totally lacking and the task of the Pathfinders was to develop techniques to precisely define these targets ahead of the main force.
		With some of the greatest Bomber Aircrew amongst their number the unit quickly gained a reputation for excellence that was second to none.
	www.airforce-art.com /halifax_bomber.htm (3153 words)

	'The Angry Sky'
		Although their numbers amounted to less than 2 per cent of Second World War enlistments, the 3486 men who were killed in Bomber Command accounted for almost 20 per cent of all Australian combat deaths.
		In late 1943 and early 1944, during the peak of the bomber offensive against Germany, the bomber crews suffered a loss rate of nearly five per cent on each operation (bombing raid or 'ops' for short): there was little chance of surviving an operational tour of 30 'ops'.
		During a raid on Turin, Italy, on the night of 28-29 November 1942 a shell burst in the cockpit of his Stirling bomber.
	www.ww2australia.gov.au /raaf (492 words)

	Flying Officer Gerry McMahon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Gerry McMahon, was serving as a flying officer rear-gunner when his four engine Short Stirling bomber was shot down inland from the Normandy beaches on D Day.
		At the last moment the pilot managed to right the bomber and it made a beautiful belly - landing in a ploughed field.
		As he arrived home he met his parents who having been told that he was ’killed in action’ were on their way to his requiem mass, his poor mother promptly fainted.
	www.ornebridgehead.org /gerry_mcmahon.htm (516 words)

	The RAF in Kent - Manston - T.J. Page, DFM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He was one of the first, or perhaps the first, to fly over the smouldering ruins of Canterbury after the raid on the City by German bombers on June 1st, 1942.
		As he left the Station with his servicing party to return to his unit in Buckinghamshire, the Stirling bomber still stood forlornly outside of the hanger awaiting another servicing party.
		Later Thomas was to fly in Lancaster and Stirling bombers and take part in many raids over Germany including Berlin and Cologne.
	digiserve.com /peter/raf/raf-tjp.htm (821 words)

	Unreal Aircraft - Flying Forever - In-Flight Refuelling, WW2
		A study was made in 1939 using a Short Stirling bomber, but no tests were conducted; further proposals over the next couple of years were considered impracticable for large scale operations by Air Staff and interest waned.
		The vision of a Very Long Range bomber force of 500 bombers and an equal number of tankers to equip Tiger Force, was never achieved.
		Other options to increase the fuel capacities of the Lancasters were also pursued, including additional 400 gallon tanks in the bomb bay and removal of the top turret to save weight.
	www.unrealaircraft.com /forever/ww2.php (552 words)

	Vulcan Bomber
		Royal Air Force subsonic bomber the Vulcan last used in the bombing of Goose Green during the Falklands War.
		Used as a heavy bomber and particularly in the Falklands War of 1982, just the sound of the engines and the vibrations of the ground announced its arrival.
		Crowds watched in awe as the majestic delta-winged bomber created a deafening roar of smoke and noise, the sight and sound of its display an emotional and unforgettable experience for those who witnessed it.
	www.aviationartprints.com /vulcan_bomber.htm (1763 words)

	The Jungle Air Force - History Page 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This is the chronological listing for the 42nd Bomber Group Squadrons.
		The 70th Bomber Squadron (BS) is stationed at Guadalcanal.
		The 390th BS ends operations from Stirling Island.
	www.enter.net /~rocketeer/13thhist9.html (391 words)

	Newstalk ZB
		The remains of missing crew members from a World War Two Stirling bomber shot down in 1942, are due to be buried this month in the Netherlands.
		Stirling W7624 of No.15 squadron took off from Cambridgeshire on August 27 for a raid on Germany.
		On board the aircraft were Air Bomber Sergeant LE Moss and Rear Gunner Flight Sergeant A Smith, both from New Zealand.
	www.newstalkzb.co.nz /newsdetail1.asp?storyID=101173 (234 words)

	Airfix 1/72 Short Stirling B.I/B.III
		There are several good pages on the web with extensive photos of the cockpit which provides plenty of information on the interior (The Stirling Bomber Page, The Stirling Cockpit Project).
		The bombs are moulded with their locating holes closed should you wish to locate them on the trolleys.
		Decals are provided for two aircraft, a Mk1 of No7 Squadron RAF, the first to operate the Stirling and a Mk3 of 199 Squadron.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/portland/971/Inbox/q-s/stirling-i.htm (810 words)

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