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Topic: Stokes Lines

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	George Stokes
		George Stokes' father, Gabriel Stokes, was the Protestant minister of the parish of Skreen in County Sligo.
		Stokes published papers on the motion of incompressible fluids in 1842 and 1843, in particular On the steady motion of incompressible fluids in 1842.
		Stokes received the Copley medal from the Royal Society of London in 1893 and he was given the highest possible honor by his College when he served as Master of Pembroke College in 1902-3.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Biographies/StokesBio.htm (849 words)

	Raman Spectroscopy
		The energy increase or decrease from the excitation is related to the vibrational energy spacing in the ground electronic state of the molecule and therefore the wavenumber of the Stokes and anti-Stokes lines are a direct measure of the vibrational energies of the molecule.
		The ratio of the intensity of the Raman anti-Stokes and Stokes lines is predicted to be
		The excitation of the Raman spectra uses the 488 nm line from the argon ion laser.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /public/chemistry/classes/chem4538/raman.htm (2082 words)

	CHM 1383/3596 Answers to Practice Final Exam
		Stokes and anti-Stokes lines appear in the scattered light in a Raman experiment.
		The Stokes line appears at a longer wavelength (lower energy) and corresponds to an quantum of vibrational energy gained by the molecule.
		The anti-Stokes line appears at shorter wavelength (higher energy) and corresponds to a quantum of vibrational energy lost by the molecule.
	www.chem.neu.edu /Courses/1383Budil/FinalAnswers.htm (402 words)

	Stokes biography
		Stokes' work on the motion of pendulums in fluids led to a fundamental paper on hydrodynamics in 1851 when he published his law of viscosity, describing the velocity of a small sphere through a viscous fluid.
		Stokes became engaged to marry Mary Susanna Robinson, the daughter of the astronomer at Armagh Observatory in Ireland.
		Stokes' mathematical and physical papers were published in five volumes, the first three of which Stokes edited himself in 1880, 1883 and 1891.
	www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /Biographies/Stokes.html (2694 words)

	Connie Stokes DeKalb County Commissioner Super 7 District
		Stokes was first elected to the Dekalb County Commission after beating out 10 opponents in 2004 in a special Election to fulfill the unexpired term of the late Lou Walker.
		Stokes is a former state senator serving ten years in the state senate, where former governor Roy Barnes's picked her for his Leadership Team.
		Stokes is a self proclaimed health enthusiast, focusing on Strength Training and an "eat to live" philosophy instead of her previous position of "live to eat".
	conniestokes.com (418 words)

	Acquittal of Stokes is a case of moral justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Stokes was so miffed by the pillorying of her son that she sounded as if she wanted to remove Franklin's prostate gland with a corkscrew.
		Stokes' "niceness" and his "suffering enough" sound like the juror's opinions, which, theoretically, have no place in the deliberation process.
		Stokes' is a rare case of an alleged sexual abuse victim who went over the edge.
	www.snapnetwork.org /op_ed/Baltimore_Stokes_Acquittal.htm (760 words)

	BCCE paper - presented 8/6/96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		15 mW of HeNe 632.8 nm radiation, with a CCD detector and holographic notch filter to reject the Rayleigh line (the sharp line in the middle).
		The Stokes lines are those with energy lower than the excitation line - the incident photons are transferring energy to the vibrational modes of the molecule.
		The intensities of the anti-Stokes lines are related to those of the Stokes by the Boltzman distribution.
	www.uwrf.edu /~mk02/BCCE/ccl4.html (129 words)

	Intensities of Spectral Lines 01
		The position of lines has been described as the separation of energy levels.
		The intensity of spectral lines is determined by the relative probabilities transitions between various energy levels.
		The reason that the intensity of the spectral lines tail to zero is the influence on populations of an exponential term:
	physchem.ox.ac.uk /~hmc/tlab/605/html/intensities01.htm (140 words)

	SOLIS: Vector Spectromagnetograph
		Stokes I and V profiles in the FeI 630.15 nm and 630.25 nm lines
		The FeI 630.15 and 630.25 nm lines were chosen because they are the most appropriate lines to measure vector magnetic fields in quiet as well as active regions.
		Note that the average position of any solar spectral line is not much influence by the solar rotation because the slit is parallel to the declination axis.
	solis.nso.edu /VSMOverview.html (4156 words)

	Stokes constants
		In the immediate vicinity of an anti-Stokes line the two W.K.B. solutions have about the same magnitude, so it is mathematically consistent to include the contributions from both solutions in the expression for the general solution.
		As we cross a Stokes line, the coefficient of the dominant W.K.B. solution in our expression for the general solution must remain unchanged, but the coefficient of the subdominant solution is allowed to change discontinuously.
		In doing so, we cross a Stokes line, so the coefficient of the dominant solution must remain constant, but the coefficient of the subdominant solution is allowed to change.
	farside.ph.utexas.edu /~rfitzp/teaching/jk1/lectures/node78.html (1227 words)

	Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Also widely known is the fact that the semi-axis $[\lambda, \infty)$ is a Stokes line of the differential equation $L u = \lambda u$ for each fixed value of the spectral parameter $\lambda$.
		In this paper, we show that the connection between the existence of Stokes lines on the real axis and points of the absolutely continuous spectrum holds under much more general circumstances.
		Further correlations, connecting the Stokes phenomenon with the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of $L u = \lambda u$ at infinity and with the boundary behaviour of the Titchmarsh-Weyl $m$-function at $\lambda$, are also deduced.
	www.cs.cf.ac.uk /Gregynog99/gilbert.html (178 words)

	Stokes line - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stokes line is named after Sir George Gabriel Stokes.
		It is the radiation of particular wavelengths present in the line spectra associated with fluorescence and the Raman scattering.
		Stokes lines are of longer wavelength than that of the exciting radiation responsible for the fluorescence or Raman effect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stokes_line (156 words)

	Illinois - Fellow traveler - Poet Frank Stokes breathes life into the inhabitants of an imaginary town - Features - ...
		In just four lines, Stokes expresses a modesty the poems do not deserve, puns on his own name, and aptly describes what is to follow--a stately pleasure dome of poetry, erected not in Kubla Khan's territory, but in ours, the prairie.
		Each line has 10 syllables and the poem is divided into an octave (the first eight lines) and a sestet (the last six).
		Stokes retired in 1993 as a professor of English at Eastern Illinois University.
	www.illinoistimes.com /gyrobase/Content?oid=oid:2118 (1081 words)

	Asymptotic series: A mathematical aside
		The jumps in the coefficients of the subdominant series are chosen in such a manner that if we perform a complete circuit in the complex plane then the value of the asymptotic expansion is the same at the beginning and the end points.
		On a Stokes line the magnitude of the dominant series achieves its maximum value with respect to that of the subdominant series.
		Every time we cross a Stokes line the coefficient in front of the dominant series stays the same, but that in front of the subdominant series jumps discontinuously [see Eqs.
	farside.ph.utexas.edu /~rfitzp/teaching/jk1/lectures/node76.html (1487 words)

	Long description of Hicks figure 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Shifts for which the molecules gain energy from the laser beam are called Stokes lines and appear to the right of the laser frequency.
		Conversely, the anti-Stokes lines result when higher energy molecules lose energy to the laser beam and appear to the left of the laser frequency.
		The green reference line is the theoretical temperature calculated from the inlet flow parameters measured during the test.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT2001/5000/d-5830hicks-f2.html (155 words)

	Stokes Families: Families who have passed through or settled in Stokes Co., North Carolina
		Stokes County has had a rich heritage over the years, and there is a wealth of information available if one wants to research genealogy in this county.
		Since I began researching the families of Stokes county, I have been privileged to meet many interesting people, and to learn a great deal of history and genealogy about the families of Stokes county, and many other places.
		The progenitor of the Stokes Co NC Palmers was Elias Palmer.
	wespatterson.com /stokes/stokes.html (376 words)

	Energy levels and spectrum of Ne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The energies of these levels vary from 16.6 eV, the first excited state at the bottom of the image, to 21.5 eV, the dashed line at the top of the image (the energy required to ionize the neon atom).
		The color of the light emitted is indicated by the color of the line.
		The brightest lines in the spectrum are those in the bottom half of the image: yellow, orange, and red.
	stokes.byu.edu /neonlines.html (190 words)

	FAQs
		Normally, Stokes Raman radiation has the higher intensity.
		Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectral lines of CCl
		The frequency differences between the excitation radiation and the Raman scattered radiation are called the Raman Shift.
	epsc.wustl.edu /haskin-group/Raman/faqs.htm (574 words)

	TEI header for Acallamh na Senórach I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Lines 1-2043, 2236-2400, 3521-3717, 3910-3975, 7565-7596, 7986-8005 are not in Laud 610 and are given in full in the edition.
		This MS was not used by Stokes, but it is close to MS 4 (Myles Dillon, Canice Mooney and Pádraig de Brún, Catalogue of Irish manuscripts in the Franciscan Library Killiney (Dublin 1969) 40-43).
		Six prose episodes (in restored Middle Irish and corresponding to the following lines of Stokes's edition, 1-120, 329-53, 354-468, 718-871, 949-1002, 1868-1934, together with a reprint of Murphy article cited above) were edited by Myles Dillon, Stories from Acallam, Mediaeval and Modern Irish Series 23 (Dublin 1970).
	www.ucc.ie /celt/published/G303000/header.html (878 words)

	Generation of 1.30-1.55 :m Tunable Radiation from First Stokes Raman Shifting in Hydrogen
		A maximum of 10 mJ (19% efficiency) of first Stokes energy was measured for the highest cell pressure (490 psia) and input pulse energy (53 mJ).
		The quality of the first Stokes output is similar to the dye laser output as indicated by polarization, shot-to-shot energy fluctuation, beam diameter, and linewidth.
		A characterization of the Stokes and anti-Stokes output was also conducted including one-dimensional spatial intensity profiles and output line dependence on input pulse energy and cell pressure.
	www.s-a-s.org /journal/97/asv51n6/ASv51n6_sp10.html (208 words)

	Raman Scattering
		For polarizable molecules, the incident photon energy can excite vibrational modes of the molecules, yielding scattered photons which are diminished in energy by the amount of the vibrational transition energies.
		For example, the scattering produced by a laser beam directed on the plume from an industrial smokestack can be used to monitor the effluent for levels of molecules which will produce recognizable Raman lines.
		The sketch below is an idealized depiction of a Raman line produced by interaction of a photon with a diatomic molecule for which the rotational energy levels depend upon one moment of inertia.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/atmos/raman.html (594 words)

	Atlas: The influence of G.G. Stokes on the modern asymptotic theory of differential equations by Alastair Wood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It may therefore seem strange to find Stokes celebrated at a BMC (although it is appropriate that he be recognised in Belfast), but the present day ramifications of his mathematical papers, especially those of 1857 and 1864 on asymptotic analysis, are out of all proportion to their relatively small number.
		In Stokes phenomenon, an asymptotic expansion of a function of a complex variable can change its form near certain rays in the plane (now known as Stokes lines) through the apparently discontinuous appearance of a further series with an exponentially small prefactor and multiplicative constant (the Stokes multiplier).
		We review the way in which these later authors have made use of two of Stokes’s key ideas: the optimal truncation of the dominant series (that is, just before its least term) to give an exponentially small remainder; and secondly the resummation of the divergent tail of the expansion to improve its computational accuracy.
	atlas-conferences.com /cgi-bin/abstract/camv-32 (404 words)

	STOKES COUNTY WATER SEWER AUTHORITY
		Tory Wagoner with Cavanaugh and Associates informed the Board that he had the cost estimates for adding the Brookhaven residents to the lines along Highway #65 for Mr.
		Smart’s signature to be sent to the Town of King and Sauratown Fire Department and requesting their commitment to make up the remaining balance of $68,000.00.
		Wagoner noted that there was some faulty construction from the original lines that cause some problems, also that they were two weeks behind due to weather conditions.
	www.co.stokes.nc.us /scws/minutes/m110404.htm (411 words)

	Raman Spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A Stokes line photon results in LESS energy than the incident photon as shown on the left of the diagram.
		An anti-Stokes line results in MORE energy than the incident photon as shown on the right of the diagram.
		The Stokes lines are the only lines that are observed experimentally.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~rebryant/Raman_Spectroscopy.html (403 words)

	Navier-Stokes Equations: Potential Flows - Prandtl-Glauert Similarity Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It turns out that the Mach lines (the lines along which bits of the solution propagate) will disappear inside the wing at sufficiently large M
		The term "Mach line" is commonly used by engineers.
		Mach lines are simply the characteristic lines known to mathematicians and physicists who work with wave equations (or simply are involved in classifying systems of equations).
	www.navier-stokes.net /nspfsim.htm (1218 words)

	Portable Raman Spectroscopy Systems for Field Analysis by Eckenrode, Bartick, Harvey, Vucelick, Wright, and Huff ...
		Because the ground-state population is greater than that of the excited state, the Stokes lines are more intense than the Anti-Stokes lines (Ingle and Crouch 1988).
		A high-quality wavelength selection device such as a diffraction grating is required in Raman spectroscopy to ensure that relatively weak Raman lines are separated from backscattered Rayleigh radiation transmitted by the probe, and it also must separate Raman transitions of similar energy to produce adequate detail in the spectral fingerprint.
		Provided that the instrument line shape function (ILS) is known, high-resolution reference spectra can be convoluted with the ILS to yield the exact spectrum at lower resolution.
	www.fbi.gov /hq/lab/fsc/backissu/oct2001/eknrode.htm (7762 words)

	Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site: User Home Pages: Stokes Family Home Page
		I am looking for an Abner Lenoir Stokes and his wife of Susie Alice Lumley they were the parents of David Floyd Stokes born April 4, 1891, Lillian Earl Stokes and Arthur Stokes.
		This line is from the north region of New Hampshire and Canada.
		The last two lines I am researching are MACULEWICH (Correct spelling before coming to the United States Maculewicz) from Poland and AUSTIN from New Hampshire.
	familytreemaker.genealogy.com /users/s/t/o/Darlene-A-Stokes/index.html (203 words)

	PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calculate the wavelengths of the first four lines in the microwave spectrum.
		Calculate the wavenumbers of the first three lines in the R- and P-branches of the IR spectrum of this molecule.
		Predict the wavenumbers of the first two Stokes and Anti-Stokes lines in the Raman spectrum of
	people.wcsu.edu /selzerr/HOLD_PCHEM/PCF2003rev4.htm (105 words)

	Amazon.com: Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region (Stokes Field Guides): Books: Donald Stokes,Lillian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In each volume, the taxonomically arranged species accounts (mostly one per page; occasionally two similar species are combined) include common and scientific names; one to three color photos; terse comments on identifying features, feeding, nesting, other behavior, habitat, voice, and population trends; and a range map.
		Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region is a very impressive and helpful bird identification tool.
		Between the Stokes and Sibley ID guides used in tandem, most people won't need another field resource for visual field identification.
	www.amazon.com /Stokes-Field-Guide-Birds-Eastern/dp/0316818097 (2206 words)

	Document Title
		A normal mode involves the simultaneous movement of all (or many) atoms in the molecules; all atoms move at the same frequency and stay in phase.
		Since there are few of these, the Stokes lines are much more intense.
		We also expect the population of the excited states to be reduced as the energy of the vibration increases (Boltzmann exp{-E/kT} term.) Thus the 459 anti-Stokes is greatly reduced relative to the matching Stokes line.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/chem/faculty/endres/ch454/exam_post.htm (901 words)

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