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Topic: Stolon

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	Nigrospora Stolon Rot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The disease appears to girdle the stolon (stem or runner) of St. Augustinegrass and deprive the stolon of water and nutrients.
		The girdling of the stolon stops the movement of water and nutrients to the leaves.
		New growth on the terminal end of diseased stolons is typically thin and yellow reflecting a limited supply of nutrients to the growing point.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /plantanswers/turf/publications/Nigrorot.html (245 words)

	Stolon formation in perennial ryegrass may aid persistence
		Stolon formation appears to be a regular morphological feature, which has distinct advantages in survival and maintenance of plant and tiller density in pasture.
		However, stolon formation in ryegrass plants is normally restricted to locations where the plant is severely shaded, for example through physical burial of tillers by worm castings and stock treading, or through shading of tillers by other plants in the pasture (1,2,9).
		The aim of the current study was to compare the extent of stolon formation in Impact with the perennial ryegrass cultivar ‘Yatsyn’ through the summer period and to investigate the role of stolons in the maintenance of pasture density and survival of plants in intensively grazed dairy pasture.
	www.regional.org.au /au/asa/2001/3/d/donaghy.htm (1991 words)

	Stolon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A stolon is a specialized type of horizontal above-ground shoot, a colonizing organ that arises from an axillary bud near the base of the plant.
		The stolon differs from the typical vegetative shoot of that same plant in having much longer and, typically, thinner internodes, and the horizontal stolon also has a strong tendency to form adventitious roots at the nodes.
		The stolon, connecting mother plant with each ramet, initially provides the pathway for a flow of nutrients and water to the new plantlet, or even some nutrients from the plantlet back to the mother plant, but that physical connection is eventually severed or becomes dysfunctional as the plantlet develops its nutritional independence.
	www.botgard.ucla.edu /html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/typesofshoots/stolon (427 words)

	Untitled Normal Page
		The effect of soil-borne inoculum on potato stem and stolon attack in relation to yield and quality of the potato were investigated.
		This seems debatable; the effect of stolon attack may be more important for yield than potato stem attack, but potato stem attack also affects growth of the potato plant.
		Stolon infection delays potato tuber initiation and, as a result, potato tuber yield is slower to develop.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /t.drury/improvedSource10.htm (2460 words)

	Clover stolon growth within clover-rich patches and on the boundaries of patches with surrounding grass
		At monthly intervals from May until September replicate stolons were marked in the centre and on the edge of patches; one stolon of each type was selected in each of 10 replicate circular patches and 10 replicate stolons were selected in a single large patch.
		Initial total stolon length (to a branch or until disappearance into the ground) and length of the marked unit (node 3 to stolon tip) were recorded.
		There was a negative relationship between sward height and stolon extension, with the greatest extension at the edge of patches where absolute sward height (and vertical height difference in small and medium patches) were less than in the patch centre.
	www.fao.org /docrep/V2350E/v2350e0t.htm (726 words)

	Source10.dat
		The effect of soil-borne inoculum on stem and stolon attack in relation to yield and quality of the potato were investigated.
		Stolon infection delays tuber initiation and, as a result, tuber yield is slower to develop.
		Severe and very severe attacks of stems and stolons by soil-borne R. solani decreases fresh yield, dry matter yield and dry matter content of tubers, increases the proportion of deformed and small tubers, but have a negligible effect on haulm yield and stem number.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /t.drury/Source10.htm (2286 words)

	Florida Entomologist, v. 79, n. 2, p. 188
		Susceptibility of the cultivars to borer damage was influenced by stolon width, an important characteristic for E. loftini tunneling.
		Excised stolons were transported to the laboratory and examined for evidence of E. loftini tunneling or living larvae.
		Stalk or stolon tunneling in small-stemmed host plants such as bermudagrass, johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., rice, Oryza sativa L., and wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is longitudinal, usually causing dead hearts or heads, a result of larval feeding near the growing point (Browning et al.
	www.fcla.edu /FlaEnt/fe79p188.htm (2077 words)

	Growth and Complexity of White Clover Stolons in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stress -- Sanderson et al. 43 (6): 2197 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Density of white clover nodes on primary stolons and branches and the percentage of nodes with roots during 1999 and 2000.
		Blue weevil larval damage to white clover stolons estimated by the percentage of stolons infested and the proportion of stolon length damaged by weevil larvae tunneling inside the stolon.
		of stolons infested declined in autumn as in 1999.
	crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/43/6/2197 (3566 words)

	Stolon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		stolon, commonly referred to as a runner, is an aerial shoot from a plant with the ability to produce adventitious roots and new offshoots of the same plant.
		A stolon is a plant propagation strategy akin to a rhizome.
		In mycology, a stolon is defined as an occasionally septate hyphae, which connect sporangiophores together.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stolon (196 words)

	STOLON FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A stolon is an aerial shoot from a plant with the ability to produce adventitious roots and new offshoots of the same plant.
		The complex formed by a mother plant and all its offshoot connected by stolons are considered to form a single individual.
		A stolon is a propagation strategy akin to a rhizome.
	www.amysflowershop.com /stolon (111 words)

	Results
		Because all fights between stolon and fused mat cells result in a dead fused mat cell, the stolon colony quickly overwhelms the fused mat colony.
		Here, the balance between the unfused mat colony's higher reproductive rate and the stolon colony's slight advantage in a fight is seen, as this particular dead-zone remains fairly stable between the colonies.
		The border between the stolon and unfused colonies first shows the expected dead-zone, but it is quickly neutralized by the emergence of small buffers of neutral cells.
	www.theory.org /complexity/hydractinia/html/node4.html (1122 words)

	Tuberization in Potato Involves a Switch from Apoplastic to Symplastic Phloem Unloading -- Viola et al. 13 (2): 385 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Stolons from nontuberizing plants (filled circles), small swelling stolons (2 to 5 mm diameter; filled triangles), or large swelling stolons (6 to 10 mm diameter; filled squares) are shown 4 hr after labeling of foliage with
		stolon region subtending the tuber or in the nonswelling apical
		apical meristem of the stolon, that is, with the onset of dormancy
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/2/385 (6864 words)

	modified stems
		Stolons are slender stem-branches running horizontally away from the main plant, either above or below ground.
		The larger plant at the left in the picture (it's about 8 inches tall) is the "mother plant." It has issued a stolon that has grown about six inches through the soil, then the stolon budded and from the new bud arose the smaller, younger plant at the right in the picture.
		The stolons you see in the picture arose from the same general area on the plant as the roots but, again, they aren't roots.
	www.backyardnature.net /stemtype.htm (1242 words)

	stolon
		stolon A lateral stem that grows horizontally along the ground surface.
		And the stolon or tuber of the species S. sinensis is grown and eaten as water chestnuts in China.
		Culture: Plant the stolon of arrowhead in heavy soil.
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/stolon.html (145 words)

	Trifolium repens
		The stolons are the main perennating organs which spread to colonize bare spaces in the sward, their apices being the main sites for leaf production.
		Stolon branching and lengths of petioles and internodes are strongly influenced by the amount and quality of the light penetrating the base of the sward.
		Stolons survive drought longer than leaves and so recovery or survival is related to stolon growing point density (Brock and Kim, l994).
	www.fao.org /ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Gbase/data/pf000350.htm (5363 words)

	Amathi_vidovi
		Zooids measure approximately 0.4 mm in height, and are connected to the stolon for only part of their length.
		They are arranged in small clumps of 4 - 8 pairs and turn partially around the axis of the stolon at the distal (far) end.
		The proximal (near) end of the stolon often remains bare.
	www.sms.si.edu /irlspec/Amathi_vidovi.htm (447 words)

	Effect of Apogee and Ponnax on Stolon Production and Yield of Florida-Grown Strawberry.
		Stolons (runners) act as a sink for photosynthates and nutrients, reducing the amount of resources available for fruit production in an annual hill production system.
		Stolon number and length were analyzed for each observation date.
		This is a great disadvantage as the stolons are still acting as a sink for photosynthates but they grow close to the plant making detection and removal more difficult.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /HS231 (1060 words)

	Forde: TRANSLOCATION IN GRASSES 1. B . . .
		Assimilate movement in the phloem, as shown by tracer migration, was strongly polarised toward the tip of a large "C-treated stolon and slightly less polarised toward the tip of a small stolon.
		Tracer movement to the parent stolon from a treated tiller appeared to be as great as or greater than movement to the tip of that tiller.
		Darkening or partial defoliation of a stolon could induce the movement of assimilate from another treated stolon on the same plant, but the effect occurred regularly only with prolonged darkening or a number of defoliations.
	www.rsnz.org /publish/nzjb/1966/34.php (194 words)

	stolon Consolidating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		NJ 07444.The worry you salvage could stolon the basslink turbos costs of establishing and maintaining...
		In these games, the fia-approved penchance the stolon has vobis to choose or fumish the move the...
		That name is retained in the stolon Boo-da-pest by the pidgin of Grimaldo, one of three...
	s.3-consolidating.com /S/stolon%20Consolidating.html (462 words)

	Ultrastructural observations using the field emission microscope and transmission electron microscope on a Silurian ...
		The stolon was not observed in any of the fractured pieces of stipe, but was present in one of the sections made for the TEM (Figure 1.7).
		The smaller pore corresponds to the autothecal stolon on the distal side of the node, and the two larger pores to the bithecal and succeeding "stolothecal" stolon in a normal node.
		The dendroid stolon forms as a continuous series of segments (each within a "stolotheca"), each of circular cross–section, but widening to an oval section just before branching at a node.
	www.unt.edu.ar /fcsnat/INSUGEO/geologia_18/1.htm (1635 words)

	Graptolite stolons described as remnants of fossil hydroids (Hydroida)
		Graptolite stolons described as remnants of fossil hydroids (Hydroida)
		The presented stolon are strikingly similar to the holotype
		Ultrathin sections through the stolon reveal that their walls are made of a
	piotr.countofcalmont.com /Trimerohydra.html (260 words)

	HORT 201 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Stolons can also be cut into sections containing a node and propagated by techniques similar to root cuttings.
		Stolons are modified stems that grow horizontally along or under the soil surface giving rise to new shoots at selected nodes along their length.
		Cut stolons (4) into 2-3” sections making sure to include a node and latent bud in each section.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /hort/courses/HORT201/Lab05.html (1721 words)

	STOLONIZATION
		A polychaete that undergos stolonization is the syllid, Typosyllis proliera (
		The cycle consists of a post-reproduction phase where the caudal segments of the worm are regenerated to the original length that the animal was before the detachment of the stolon.
		A high photoperiod and a high water temperature, such as one that would be present in the summer time, stimulated the release of the prostomium hormone.
	www.zoo.utoronto.ca /zoo344s/2002Group9/STOLONIZATION.htm (508 words)

	Winter Survival of Seeded Bermudagrasses \| United States Golf Association
		Stolon density (Figure 1) and weight per stolon (data not shown) were affected by both cultivar and planting date across both years of the study.
		Regression analysis was used to determine if stolon density was related to winter recovery, as it was observed that Yukon had both the highest recovery from winter injury and the highest stolon density.
		found that stolon density and stolon diameter were enhanced by low seeding rates, and they speculated that these parameters were important in winter survival.
	www.usga.org /turf/green_section_record/2005/mar_apr/winter.html (1722 words)

	nsf
		This irregular stolon system is adherent to a substrate which, in this case, is the gastropod shell inhabited by hermit crabs (Braverman 1971).
		Endothelial cells along the stolon lumen are sensitive to this shear stress (in mammalian vascular systems at least) and at some low threshold shear stress which reflects a low velocity of fluid transport, those cells may differentiate to form a polyp bud.
		Single-polyp-single-stolon units were surgically isolated by severing all stolons connecting the chosen polyp to the colony so as to retain a segment of stolon about 2.7mm long with two blind ends with the polyp positioned near the center.
	www.csun.edu /science/nsf/implementation/electronic_posting.htm (5888 words)

	New Page 1
		Colonies of Victorella pavida develop as chains of zooids connected by a stolon that arises from the bases of new zooids.
		In young colonies, overall colony structure is quite simple; however, as they develop, zooids elongate and bud off new stolons and zooids to form extensive, branching networks.
		In Bowerbankia, new zooids are budded separately from the stolon; in V.
	www.sms.si.edu /irlfieldguide/Victore_pavida.htm (258 words)

	Victor_pavid
		pavida develop as chains of zooids connected by the stolon that arises from the base of new zooids.
		In young colonies, overall morphology of the colony is quite simple; however, as they develop, zooids elongate and bud off new stolons and zooids to form extensive networks.
		In Bowerbankia, new zooids are budded separately from the stolon; in Victorella pavida, the stolon arises from the base of zooids.
	www.sms.si.edu /irlspec/Victor_pavida.htm (496 words)

	White Clover Morphology Changes with Stress Treatments -- Seker et al. 43 (6): 2218 -- Crop Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Trait means of individual plants exposed to treatment combinations of with and without clipping on 7-d intervals and the presence or absence of a barrier to stolon rooting.
		Path analysis on root DW with direct effects of stolon DW, stolon length, and apex number and their indirect effects (correlations).
		The effects of variety, cutting interval and nitrogen application on the morphology and development of stolons and leaves of white clover.
	crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/43/6/2218 (3346 words)

	Discussion and Conclusion
		Note the thin region of dead cells (fl) which persists at the intersection of the two colonies; this region indicates active rejection resulting in the death of cells (fused mat cells, in this case).
		The unfused mat colony grows at a higher rate than the stolon colony as a result of the presence of other mat cells increasing the probability of reproduction.
		The unfused mat colony, being significantly larger, is able to slowly whittle down the resistant stolon colony.
	www.theory.org /complexity/hydractinia/html/node5.html (699 words)

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