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Topic: Stone circle (Iron Age)

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	Stone Age - Search View - MSN Encarta
		The study of the Stone Age falls under the fields of anthropology, which is the study of human life and culture from the origins of human life up to the present, and archaeology, which is the study of the material remains of humans and human ancestors.
		Stone artifacts are of great importance to archaeologists who study prehistoric humans, because they can yield a wide range of information about ancient peoples and their activities.
		Stone artifacts are, in fact, often the principal archaeological remnants that persist after the passage of time and as such can give important clues as to the presence or absence of ancient human populations in any given region or environment.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761555928__1/Stone_Age.html (7569 words)

	Stone Age - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Due to the prevalence of stone artefacts, which are frequently the only remains which still exist, lithic analysis is a major, and specialised, form of archaeological investigation for the period.
		Another problem connected with the term Stone Age is that it was created to describe the archaeological cultures of Europe, and that it is inconvenient to use it in relation to regions such as some parts of the Americas and Oceania, where farmers or hunter-gatherers used stone for tools until European colonisation began.
		The same incongruence applies to the Iron Age worldwide, because in the Americas iron was unknown until 1492 (but not copper, silver or gold), in Oceania until the 17th century.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Stone_Age (3404 words)

	Stone circle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Swinside stone circle, in the Lake District, England.
		Stone circles usually date from the British late neolithic / early bronze age, that is, c.
		Stone circles have often been associated with the druids, but they were abandoned long before druidism came to Britain, and there is no evidence that they were ever used by the druids.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stone_circle (1007 words)

	Henge - Stone Circle - Crystalinks
		Stone circles are also found within a few henges, with at least six cases identified in England.
		A stone circle is a circular space, delimited by purposely erected stones and often containing burials.
		The final phase of stone circle construction took place in the early to middle Bronze Age (c.2200-1500 BC) and saw the construction of numerous small circles which, it has been suggested, were built by individual family groups rather than the large numbers that monuments like Avebury would have required.
	www.crystalinks.com /henge.html (2162 words)

	Irish Bronze age, gold in Ireland , copper mining, burials, articles and pictures, bronze tools axes, ...
		Ireland's Iron Age is usually said to run from the end of the Bronze Age (around 500 B.C.) and continues until around 500 A.D. The overlap from Later Bronze Age to Early Iron Age reflects how society changed slowly and did not make a great leap of technology and culture from one period into another.
		Stone Circles, Stone Rows, and Standing Stones are quite evocative in the Irish landscape and still cause people to pause and contemplate their raison d'etre and to imagine the rituals which took place at, or in them and to try to imagine the people who performed such ritual.
		The largest stone circles in Ireland is that of Grange at Lough Gur in County Limerick.
	www.ballybegvillage.com /iron_age.html (498 words)

	Iron Age in Iran - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		In Iran the term Iron Age is employed to identify a cultural change that occurred centuries earlier than the time accorded its use elsewhere in the Near East, and not to acknowledge the introduction of a new metal technology.
		Iron artifacts, in fact, were unknown in Iran until the 9th century BCE (the cultural period labeled Iron Age II), centuries after the phase designated as Iron Age I came into existence.
		Characteristic of the Iron III period in western Iran (known mostly from surveys) is the presence of many local ceramic assemblages consisting of both plain and painted wares, indicating a variety of regional developments, perhaps indicating discrete polities.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Archaeology/Pre-History/iron_age.htm (2515 words)

	Stone circles in the landscape and mindscape
		Stone circles are sacred centres that orientate man within the world, their relationship with surrounding natural features draw in the world and make it comprehensible, whilst also spreading their influence outwards over the surrounding land.
		The Stone Circles and Henge Monuments of Mercia
		This outlier may be a Bronze Age addition, marking the round cairn to the NNW and a round barrow to the West that contained the cremated bones of an infant and an early Bronze Age collared urn.
	www.whitedragon.org.uk /articles/circles.htm (5530 words)

	Manitou Stones of Wisconsin
		Regarding the single cup-marked stones, he suspected that at least some of them may originate from destroyed megaliths, as it clearly is the case at Hamberge e.g.
		A stone with six cup-marks was used as the covering stone of a later Bronze Age urn burial in Groß Raden, Kreis Sternberg.
		Since many cup-marked stones are found on or near megaliths as well as, even more often, at or near later barrows, Ulrich Schoknecht argued for their close connection with ancient burial cults (1986: 214-5).
	www.burlingtonnews.net /stones2.html (1992 words)

	Beltany Stone Circle
		This Stone Circle is made up of 68 large stones enclosing a low earth platform, there may originally have been about 80 stones.
		A single stone, about 2 metres high, standing to the south-east of the circle probably had some function in relation to ceremonies carried on at the circle.
		Stone Circles like this one were built in the later Bronze Age (1400 - 800 BC).
	www.ramelton.net /Trips/Beltany.htm (296 words)

	Faery-Faith Network Stone Circles
		It is no wonder that stone circles have given rise to all kinds of bizarre speculation about their builders and users, arousing in the imaginative visitor visions of lurid torchlight ceremonies performed under the stars, presided over by robed Druidic priests.
		On the contrary, it is noteworthy that the axial stone circles of west Munster are nearly always aligned northeast to southwest, that is, with the portal stones facing sunrise and the axial stone facing sunset.
		The seven stones of Lissyviggeen are explained in an old legend as the children of two giants (represented by the tall outliers), all of whom were turned to stone as they danced.
	www.faeryfaith.org /stones.php (2155 words)

	Special Places in Nature
		The stone circle is quite complete, and one of the biggest in Britain.The stones are set within a circular ditch up to 3m deep and 9m across that was hewn out of the solid bedrock by the prehistoric constructors.
		Traditionally, the field in which the stones stand was said to be cursed, and consequently unprofitable, and the stones themselves were believed to grant any wish whispered to them on Halloween.
		The circles are said to be built around mounds of kings and chiefs, in the same way as royal persons were buried in the ancient empire of Ghana.
	www.stevenredhead.com /Natures-Places/stonecircles.html (860 words)

	The Stonehenge Tour Company. Sightseeing Guided Tours of the Stone Circle and ancient Britain. Stonehenge information ...
		UK Stone Circles and Antiquities - Stone circles, standing stones, henges and Iron Age hillforts are displayed on these pages, along with images and brief descriptions.
		The Buchan stone circles - The Buchan recumbent stone circles are set apart from the rest of the corpus of similar relics by the occurrence of a bank of small stones forming a circle in which the uprights are set.
		Standing stones and ancient monuments in Scotland - In-depth info on standing stones and other ancient monuments in the Scottish Highlands and Islands with excellent links and photos, some of which can be sent as free electronic postcards via the Web.
	www.stonehengetours.com /stonehenge_links_and_infor.htm (5358 words)

	Esmerel: Adventures in Britain: Part 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		I had heard of an ancient monument named Men-An-Tol, which is, in Cornish, "the holed stone." I had been told it was a place held sacred since the stone age.
		I found first another ancient stone, known as Men Scryfa, or "stone of writing," a granite pillar which now commemorates the death in battle of an iron age warrior-king.
		It is a circular stone, on edge, with a perfectly, startlingly round hole in the centre, large enough for a man to crawl through.
	www.esmerel.com /circle/britain/brit10.html (561 words)

	Avebury Stone Circle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Apart from the stone circle itself, which is so vast (the Jacobean antiquarian Aubrey made the analogy that it is to Stonehenge as a cathedral is to a parish church) that the modern village is contained within it, with room for pastures as well.
		These stones were not carved or shaped like the ones at Stonehenge; they are arranged like a gap-toothed rampart around a massive embankment and ditch, which makes it a symbolic fortress (i.e,.
		Victorian excavators found the skeleton of a man underneath a stone that had been toppled over (called the Barber's Stone, because a razor was found amongst his remains).
	www.britcastles.com /circles/avebury.htm (596 words)

	Prehistoric.org.uk - Nine Ladies - Stone Circle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The circle its self is small, only about 36 feet across and the stones that make up the circle are also small, about 3 feet high.
		This circle, like many others, is said in folklore to have been formed by people being turned to stone for dancing on the Sabbath.
		It is located to the south west of the stone circle, maybe half a mile away (again, I think it is now signed once you are on the moor).
	www.prehistoric.org.uk /derbyshire/nine_ladies.html (464 words)

	Stone circle (Iron Age) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One stone circle, the circle of Nässja (near Vadstena), comprises as many as 24 stones.
		Similar circles were used for popular assemblies in Denmark until the 16th century, and in Vad parish in västergötland, the village assemblies were held in a stone circle until the 19th century.
		Even if knowledge that the stone circles were graves was later lost, it was still fresh in the 13th century as testify these lines by Snorri Sturluson in the introduction of the Heimskringla:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stone_circle_(Iron_Age) (350 words)

	Bronze Age
		Stone circles start to fall into disuse and burial mounds are no longer built.
		Fashion at this time dictated that people were to be buried in flat cemeteries or near older stone monuments.
		Equestrian equipment starts appearing in the Late Bronze Age, suggesting that horses were not domesticated until this time.
	www.pretanicworld.com /Bronze_Age.html (672 words)

	The Stone Circle
		The Stone Circles of The Gambia are composed of standing stones between ten and twenty four in any particular circle.
		Prehistoric megalithic monuments (dolmen, megalithic tombs, menhirs, alignements, stone circles, stones with cup-marks) from Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg; neolithic flintstone mining in the Netherlands; paleolithic cave paintings and engravings in France.
		A site describing my research into the aesthetics of Neolithic stone circles and ancient monuments, and my attempts to develop a philosophical account of the 'Megalithic Experience', or the 'Oh Wow' factor of the individual's imagination, and their personal 'sense of place'.
	d.webring.com /hub?ring=stonecircle (1990 words)

	Megalithic Stones & Ancient Burial Chambers
		Britain has such a vast ancient landscape which is dotted with stone circles, burial chambers, white horses, tumuli, earthworks and dolmens.
		The village of Avebury sits neatly inside the stone circle and is surrounded by many other ancient prehistoric sites.
		The circle is over 4000 years old and is one of the largest henges in Britain.
	www.geocities.com /jilaens/stones.html (690 words)

	The Stone Circle in Aberdeen and Grampian Highlands
		The Stone Circle in Aberdeen and Grampian Highlands
		Archaeolink evokes the ages before history was recorded, by taking visitors back to the time of the Picts, Romans and, further back, to the shadowy Mesolithic (Stone Age) folk who once lived their lives in this part of Scotland.
		Archaeolink features a reconstructed Iron Age Farm and a walk to the remains of an Iron Age enclosure and hut circle, among its many outdoor features.
	www.agtb.org /archaeolink.htm (220 words)

	Stones of Ireland - Beltany stone circle
		On the levelled summit of Tops Hill, about two miles south of the village of Raphoe, is this fine stone circle, one of the few in NW Ireland.
		The style is similar to the circles in the Carrowmore cemetery; it is possible that Beltany is a transitional ring between late passage-tombs and early stone circles.
		The site was disturbed at the beginning of the century causing many of the stones, which have an average height of 1.8m (6 ft), to lean outward at acute angles.
	www.stonepages.com /ireland/beltany.html (262 words)

	Stone Pages • Glossary
		The burial or funerary chamber is a stone or wooden construction greater than 2 x 1 externally and 1 x 1 m internally: these measurements distinguish it from the cist.
		The two stones which adjoin the prostrate stone in a recumbent stone circle.
		Circular hole, often in entrance stone to chambered tomb, or made by semi-circular holes in facing contiguous stones.
	www.stonepages.com /glossary.html (1734 words)

	Tours - Legend and Mystery in Wessex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The distance to bring these stones is remarkable in today’s quick and fast ways, however in pre historical times, this must have been a phenomenal, if not an almost impossible task to undertake.
		The skills and artistry of the craftsman that contributed to the creation of this beautiful piece of architecture over the years, is exquisite and it is said that the building was constructed on the principles of the golden mean measurements of sacred geometry to enhance the harmonics of the magnificent structure.
		NB Since this magnificent edifice was built note that some of the stones had been removed and broken into smaller stones, so that they could be used to build houses.
	www.stonehenge.org.uk /tours/legendmystery.shtml (1691 words)

	Avebury Stone Circle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The great stone circle, encompassing part of the village of Avebury, is enclosed by a ditch and external bank and approached by an avenue of stones.
		Many of the stones were re-erected in the 1930s by the archaeologist Alexander Keiller.
		Finds from the site and interactive and audio-visual displays are used to tell the story of the monuments and the people who have helped to reveal their past.
	www.swindon.gov.uk /print/tourism-aveburystonecircle (202 words)

	Iron Age Stone Tools Unearthed in Northwestern Iran - CAIS Archaeological & Cultural Daily News of Iran©
		As the last season of explorations drew to a close in a historical area near the town of Oshnaviyeh in the province of West Azarbaijan, a number of valuable artifacts from the pre-historic to the Islamic period were discovered.
		Reyhaneh Afifi, a member of the Oshnaviyeh archeological group, said the recent explorations focused on the plain and mountains, with the studies in the plain carrying more weight.
		In addition, a number of stone tools and scraps were unearthed, which indicated the area used to be a hub for making stone tools in the Neolithic age," she noted.
	www.cais-soas.com /News/2004/January2004/11-01.htm (156 words)

	Astro-archaeology, archaeoastronomy, standing stones, stone circles - recommended books
		This is the classic reference work, covering every known stone circle.
		From Carnac to Callanish; The Prehistoric Stone Rows and Avenues of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany
		The first comprehensive guide to the stone rows of Western Europe, with a focus on their architecture, art and astronomical uses.
	www.stonesofwonder.com /books.htm (292 words)

	Friends of Grampian Stones - Ancient Regality of Inverurie & The Garioch
		When, 5000 years ago, the Garioch's first farmers chose to settle, grow food, protect their families from bear, boar and wolves, build sacred stone circles to measure and celebrate the seasons, they were not thinking of strategy, but a sacred sense of place.
		Later, when the 9th century Scots kingdom overran Pictland, more elaborate cross-carved stones, like the Maiden Stone at Pittodrie, were erected to declare the accepted religion.
		Dunnydeer Iron Age vitrified hillfort and 13thC castle gable NJ 612 281
	www.electricscotland.com /stones/reginv.htm (808 words)

	Stone Circle Standing Stone and Quoit
		All we have are the remains of buildings, and then only those that were built of stone.
		Archaeology divides prehistory into periods, the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), Neolithic (New Stone Age), Bronze Age and Iron Age.
		Gold hoards have been found from this age, like the one from Towednack, a replica of which can be seen at Penlee Museum.
	www.pznow.co.uk /historic1/circles.html (397 words)

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