
	Where results make sense

Topic: Stoneflies

In the News (Mon 28 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Doc Leonard
		Almost all species of stoneflies pass their aquatic stages in cool, well-oxygenated streams with very definite current and thus are particularly important items in the diet of trout, and there is an entire fauna of “winter” stoneflies.
		Stoneflies lay their eggs in flowing streams (sometimes along windswept rocky lake shores) and observation indicates that most adult females deposit egg masses by dipping the tip of the abdomen beneath the water surface while in flight.
		As we have mentioned in connection with the Mayflies, stonefly nymphs are characterized by the external gills which may be on the underside of the head, as with Isogenus, on the under surfaces laterally of the thorax or abdomen, or in some cases, extruding from the rectal cavity.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mjwiley/www516/doc_leonard_plecoptera.html (3237 words)

	Bright Minds: The Challenge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Stoneflies are soft bodied insects that generally have two unequal pairs of membranous, intricately veined wings.
		Stoneflies are very quickly affected by pollution as they are unable to tolerate even minor levels of contaminants.
		Stoneflies have no known economic importance apart from their presence in the food-chains of freshwater communities.
	www.brightminds.uq.edu.au /thechallenge/whatami/HTML/Plecoptera.html (239 words)

	Stonefly
		Stoneflies are very clumsy fliers and during the egg releasing procedure will cause quite a fluttering and splashing on the water surface which immediately attracts the attention of hungry fish especially steelhead.
		Stonefly nymphs require well oxygenated water so are consequently found in rivers and streams amongst the rocks and bottom debris, a few species can also be found in the rocky shoals of cold lakes.
		This relationship of stonefly nymph and juvenile steelhead is called "juvenile habitat imprint" and is very important when trying to find the holding areas of large adult steelhead returning from the ocean to their home streams for spawning.
	www.bcadventure.com /adventure/angling/bugs/stonefly/stonefly.phtml (731 words)

	Stoneflies of Kentucky - University of Kentucky Entomology
		Stoneflies of Kentucky - University of Kentucky Entomology
		Stoneflies have incomplete metamorphosis: eggs are placed in masses on the water surface by adult stoneflies and hatch into naiads.
		Stoneflies are a very important food source for fish and birds, and they are also eaten by spiders and predatory insects.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/CritterFiles/casefile/insects/stoneflies/stoneflies.htm (538 words)

	STONEFLY NYMPH
		Stonefly nymphs are often confused with Mayfly nymphs.
		Stonefly nymphs have tubes of thread-like gills on their underside, wing pads and antennae (feelers).
		Stonefly nymphs are very sensitive to low levels of oxygen in water.
	www.bugsurvey.nsw.gov.au /html/popups/bpedia_01_vsens_st-ny.html (227 words)

	Biodiversity Degradation in Illinois Stoneflies
		In Illinois, stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) were collected extensively from 1926 through 1940 by T.H. Frison (Frison 1929, 1935, 1937, 1942), with additional winter-emerging stoneflies collected from 1960 to 1970 by H.H. Ross's "Winter Stonefly Club" (Ricker and Ross 1968, 1969; Ross and Ricker 1971).
		Data from over 50,000 Illinois stonefly specimens in the collections of the Illinois Natural History Survey are being analyzed to determine the species richness and spatial distribution of Illinois stoneflies by drainage basin.
		Frison, T.H. The stoneflies, or Plecoptera, of Illinois.
	biology.usgs.gov /s+t/noframe/f073.htm (1104 words)

	Plecoptera - stoneflies
		Stoneflies are soft-bodied insects that can grow up to 50 millimetres long with a wingspan of 100 millimetres.
		Female stoneflies lay their eggs on the water as they fly slowly over it, or let them drop freely to the water while resting on overhanging rocks or logs.
		Stoneflies prefer freshwater habitats and their surrounds, and adults can be found resting during the day on tree trunks alongside streams and lakes.
	www.ento.csiro.au /education/insects/plecoptera.html (330 words)

	Stoneflies ~ An in~depth Order overview & facts of stoneflies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Stonefly larvae (nymphs) hatch out of their eggs by splitting the egg in half as the larvae matures; there is a naturally occurring seam in the egg that allows the larvae to do so.
		Stonefly nymphs will tend to congregate in the shallow rocky areas of the stream or lake in the early evening as they prepare for their emergence that night.
		Adult stoneflies are considered to be soft bodied, perhaps an explanation as to why they are a hit with the largest trout; a big, soft, palatable meal, especially considering the body length may be up to 2.5".
	www.flyfishalberta.com /entomology/stonefly.htm (2675 words)

	Sport Fishing British Columbia, Stoneflies
		Stoneflies are found only in fast moving water such as that found in the freestone streams and rivers of the northwestern United States and Canada.
		This is a bonus for the fly-fisher because stonefly nymphs are available to the trout year 'round and thus are always recognised by the fish as food.
		Unlike the mayflies, caddisflies, and midges, when the stonefly nymphs are ready to hatch they don't swim to the surface, instead they crawls their way to shore and onto nearby rocks or reeds.
	www.sportfishingbc.com /articles/tackle_reviews/stoneflies.htm (1317 words)

	Insect Order Plecoptera (Stoneflies) Hatch
		Stoneflies are the largest but least important of the three main types of trout stream insects.
		Stoneflies owe their unimportance to their emergence style, which keeps them safe from trout at a stage when mayflies and caddisflies are the most vulnerable.
		View 9 PicturesThis stonefly species was the most common insect over the small stream I fished one August afternoon; I saw dozens in their egg-laying flights.
	www.troutnut.com /hatch/13/Insect-Plecoptera-Stoneflies/index3.php (1262 words)

	ABLE: Community Ordination Utilizing Winter Stoneflies
		Stoneflies are collected with forceps and placed in homeopathic lip vials that are half filled with 70% ethanol and contain labels indicating the collector's name, date, and collection site.
		The hind wings of capniid Stoneflies exhibit a marked dichotomy with respect to the extent of the posterior, flexible lobe, known as the vannal lobe or vannus.
		The number of stoneflies collected at a site may be influenced by air temperature and amount of insolation at the site during and prior to the collecting interval.
	www.zoo.utoronto.ca /able/volumes/vol-9/3-lawre/3-lawre.htm (3297 words)

	Gordon's Plecoptera (Stoneflies)Page
		The Plecoptera are an ancient an beautiful order of insects with the earliest known fossils dating from the Permian, they are popularly known as Stoneflies (because they are often seen resting on stones), they are soft bodied small to medium sized hemimetabolous insects.
		There are about 2 000 named species all with aquatic larva, most of whom live only in cool waters, generally running streams or lakes with a upper temperature limit of 25 degrees C. The adults have little difference in texture between the hind and fore wings, and are rather poor fliers.
		Stoneflies (Plecoptera) Found in the Streams of the Kuril Islands and Adjacent Regions
	www.earthlife.net /insects/plecopt.html (784 words)

	Sherpa Guides \| Southeast \| Aquatic Fauna in Peril \| Southern Appalachian and Other SoutheasternStreams at Risk: ...
		However, the mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, or EPT) have generally long been considered especially sensitive to pollution and disturbance and thus are now used in most developed countries to help indicate the presence of pollution.
		The stoneflies, or Plecoptera, are represented in the Southeast by 189 species, belonging to 40 genera in nine families, constituting 32 percent of the continental stonefly fauna.
		Stonefly larvae occur mostly in streams, with highest diversity in rocky headwater streams of second to third order, mostly either scurrying about among the rocks looking for prey or in accumulations of dead leaves and sticks where they shred these materials for food.
	sherpaguides.com /southeast/aquatic_fauna/chapter_2 (7857 words)

	ACP - Insects > Stoneflies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Lacking drumsticks, stoneflies use their abdomens, tapping or rubbing the ground, or merely shaking their bodies to vibrate the substrate.
		When researchers give the two stoneflies separate drumheads—for example, a paper cage in the laboratory, a dry leaf or dry bark in the wild—males and females could only communicate over about two yards.
		No one has studied male stonefly searching in the wild, where a typical “arena” would consist of a the many twigs of a highly branched tree.
	acp.eugraph.com /insects/stonefly.html (603 words)

	Stoneflies--Entomology Leaflet 255
		Stonefly nymphs have their gills on the thorax and about the base of the legs, while the mayfly nymphs have leaflike gills along the sides of the abdomen.
		The characteristic inability of the stoneflies, as a group, to tolerate various types of pollution has led to their increasing use as pollution indicators in environmental quality assessments, studies, etc. Where large emergences of stonefly adults blanket homes, businesses, etc. in the spring, there is nothing that can be done.
		Thus, the stoneflies have a specific niche in high quality streams where they are very important as a fish food source at specific times of the year (winter to spring, especially) and of the day.
	www.uvm.edu /extension/publications/el/el255.htm (1036 words)

	Instructor's exercise re. skimming
		Many stonefly families are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, so this project required us to go to places like Australia, Tasmania, and southern Chile to bump around on remote gravel roads and check hundreds of pristine streams and rivers for adult stoneflies.
		Surface-skimming stoneflies and mayflies: the taxonomic and mechanical diversity of two-dimensional aerodynamic locomotion.
		Rowing locomotion by a stonefly that possesses the ancestral pterygote condition of co-occurring wings and abdominal gills.
	www.bio.psu.edu /People/Faculty/Marden/instructorskim.html (1747 words)

	GORP - Fish Food - Stoneflies
		The nymphs range in size from less than a half-inch long to the giant stoneflies of the American West, which are as long as three inches.
		Stonefly nymphs emerge from the water throughout the year, usually crawling onto an exposed boulder or the shore.
		If you are convinced that your fly is the same size, shape, and color as those of real stoneflies on the water but the fish continue to refuse it, try this: Just before the fly floats over the fish, twitch it slightly.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/publishers/lyonspress/fishfoo5.htm (408 words)

	Stoneflies and campers: teaching campers about aquatic environments - Environmental Literacy at Camp Camping Magazine - ...
		The stonefly needs a plentiful source of oxygen, a place for shelter against the elements and menaces, a reliable food supply, and most of all, high quality water.
		Aquatic insects such as stoneflies are being increasingly used as indicators of water quality.
		The use of insects such as stoneflies in assessing water quality is known as biomonitoring.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1249/is_n3_v66/ai_14785962 (783 words)

	Bibliographies on the Japanese Stoneflies
		ROSCISZEWSKA, E. Morphology of the larval ovary of stonefly Perla marginata (Panzer) (Plecoptera: Perlidae).
		TOGASHI, I, Y. MATSUMOTO and A. "On the stoneflies on the snow in Ishikawa Prefecture." Entomological Journal of Fukui 7: 31-33 (In Japanese).
		STANGER, J. and R. "A revision of the stonefly genus Taenionema (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae)." Transactions of the American Entomological Society(Philadelphia) 119 (3): 171-229.
	homepage.mac.com /kawagera/plec/bibliographies.htm (4640 words)

	EEK! - Critter Corner - Stonefly
		The stonefly nymph can be told from the mayfly nymph by its two tail filaments.
		A meal of algae and dead plants is relished by some stonefly nymphs while others feed on animals, especially on mayfly nymphs and flfly larva.
		Stoneflies are one of the trout’s favorite food.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/caer/ce/eek/critter/watercritter/stonefly.htm (123 words)

	Fishing for stoneflies yields great catch - Keystone Wild Notes
		While some of the first descriptions of North American stoneflies were made by early scientists in Pennsylvania centuries ago, many of the state's thousands of miles of streams have never been comprehensively examined.
		Most stoneflies live about a year, and most of that time is spent in the water in the nymphal, or immature, stage.
		Adult stoneflies are different from other aquatic insects in that they communicate by tapping the end of their abdomen on logs or trees.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /wrcf/keynotes/fishing.htm (1251 words)

	Fly Fishing - Imitating Stoneflies, Damelflies and Dragon Flies
		Of the various stages of the stonefly’s life, the nymph is most important.
		stonefly, nymphs are eaten by trout than the full, grown adults.
		importance, is the presentation of the stonefly nymph.
	www.flyfishingdvd.com /stonefly.html (481 words)

	GIANT STONEFLIES
		Stoneflies are adapted to well oxygenated streams and rivers.
		There are over 200 species of stoneflies that range in size from about 10 mm to 40 mm (about 1/3 inch to 1-1/2 inches).
		Giant stoneflies are found throughout Canada and ALL of the United States near streams and rivers.
	www.eduwebs.org /bugs/giant_stoneflies.htm (537 words)

	Royal Alberta Museum: Invertebrate Zoology - Bug Facts - Giant stoneflies
		Giant stoneflies are found throughout the province near streams and rivers.
		Adults of the Giant stoneflies are generally out from late May through early July, but some smaller species may emerge by early May and other species are primarily out in the fall.
		There are over 200 species of stoneflies found in Alberta that range in size from about 10 mm to 40 mm.
	www.royalalbertamuseum.ca /natural/insects/bugsfaq/stonefly.htm (366 words)

	GORP - Entomology - Caddisflies, Mayflies, and Stoneflies
		The stonefly is a clumsy, prehistoric-looking flying creature, more suited to a bad Japanese monster movie than the scenic stream.
		The life cycle of the stonefly is mostly on land — egg, nymph and adult.
		You will see the stonefly's peculiar flying pattern if you see an insect as big as a small bird dipping and diving, sputtering and coughing and buzzing then splatting on the water.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/activity/fishing/skills/entomology2.htm (517 words)

	fly fish alberta ~ golden stoneflies hatch information on alberta trout waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		A few golden stoneflies flittered through the air, clumsily weaving this way and that on their way to nowhere.
		Nymphs and adult golden stoneflies are 20-38 mm in length.
		This is a very subtle difference if you are not used to watching stonefly adults, but the trout know it as well as we know the difference between a steak and a cow standing in the pasture; one in the same but...
	www.flyfishalberta.com /entomology/goldenstone.htm (2097 words)

	Mayflies and Stoneflies
		Mayflies and stoneflies differ in another way: while mayflies are generally herbivores--that is, they eat plant materials like fine detritus and algae, stoneflies are generally carnivorous, eating other animals like caddisflies, mayflies, and true flies.
		Mayflies and stoneflies are usually found in mountain streams and other headwater streams, because of their need to breathe underwater.
		Adult stoneflies live longer, up to a few weeks, and live on riparian vegetation (vegetation around the stream)or in the rocks by the side of the stream, which is why they are in the order "Plecoptera," referring to the stones they live among.
	chamisa.freeshell.org /mayfly.htm (1463 words)

	Guide to Freshwater Invertebrates
		Stonefly nymphs are typically found on or near stones in the stream.
		Stoneflies move like turtles and many are predators that hide and stalk their prey between stones and cobble.
		Stoneflies look similar to mayflies but are stockier.
	www.seanet.com /~leska/Online/Guide.html (1128 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)