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Topic: Stored program

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CSIRAC

History of computing hardware

Konrad Zuse

Tom Clancy

Executive Orders

	Von Neumann architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the Harvard architecture concept should be mentioned as a design which stores the program in an easily modifiable form, but not using the same storage as for general data.
		Modern functional programming and object-oriented programming are much less geared towards pushing vast numbers of words back and forth than earlier languages like Fortran, but internally, that is still what computers spend much of their time doing.
		It ran a factoring program for 52 minutes on June 21, 1948, after running a simple division program and a program to show that two numbers were relatively prime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture (1482 words)

	Stored program pay-per-play - Patent 5619247
		The stored program pay-per view system of claim 13, wherein the input to receive a pay video program from a provider includes in a bi-directional cable system forming a portion of the means to communicate to the provider that a program has been selected for viewing.
		The stored program pay-per view system of claim 13, further including means to receive a key to descramble a pay program in scrambled form, receipt of the key being in response to a communication to the provider that a program has been selected for viewing.
		Selected program materials preferably may be stored in the program storage unit 14, comprised of magnetic, optical, or magneto-optical discs, or any of the various magnetic-tape-based storage media.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5619247.html (6218 words)

	Charles Babbage Institute: RESEARCH PROGRAM> Current research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Credit for the concept of modern stored program digital computing is instead often accorded to John von Neumann, who saw the idea reach a wide audience after the circulation of his “First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC” (1945).
		Stored program computing was also introduced in the Small Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM) or “Baby” prototype built under the direction of Tom Kilburn and F.C. “Freddie” Williams at Manchester University.
		More recently, parts of computer programs called upon repeatedly in the performance of greater or multiple tasks are referred to as “subroutines,” or simply as “procedures.” Subroutines minimize the duplication of code in a program—important where memory is scarce—and facilitate better structuring (qv).
	www.cbi.umn.edu /shp/entries/program.html (589 words)

	Stored program controlled typewriting/editing system - Patent 4051459
		Thereafter, again under stored program control, the edit and amended text records are compiled into a revised document which is recorded on a line-by-line basis on another storage medium, e.g., another area of one composite memory, or on another tape ("Pass 2" operation herein).
		In particular, instruction (12) again stores the updated and pointer in its original prescribed position, while instruction (13) loads the memory address register L (least significant) with the value of the end pointer, which comprises a relative address from the beginning of record storage for the new character.
		The stored Pass 1 instruction verifies that this is a proper editorial command, i.e., confirms that the command is of a proper format, and that the text within the slash marks in fact exists in the referenced page and line.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4051459.html (11422 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the 1A ESS, translation data is stored in the unduplicated call store, with backup in the form of disk memory called file store.
		An extra copy of the unduplicated prog and call store is provided for in file store." The program store translation area in the 1 ESS and the unduplicated call store translation area in the 1A ESS contain all the info that can change from day to day for that office.
		There is a "T-reading octal program" located at (octal address) 1105615 in the parameter area in the program store.This address is stored in the generic program and is used to read the Master Head Table.
	www.phrack.org /phrack/26/P26-06 (2924 words)

	The First Computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, when memory was limited to a few dozen words it was impractical to waste valuable memory on storing program code, so this was held in some other form, sometimes in physical connections, such as a plugboard, sometimes on paper tape.
		So although not strictly stored program computers, it can be argued that such machines recognised the importance of the concept, and found a way of implementing it within the technological constraints of the time without using the very expensive data memories of the time.
		It was programmed by a plug board which wired up the different calculation units in the right configuration to evaluate a particular polynomial.
	www.dai.ed.ac.uk /homes/cam/fcomp.shtml (4994 words)

	ANSDIT - The letter "S" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A program constructed according to the principles of structured programming.
		A substitute component that is used temporarily in a program so that progress can be made; for example: in compilation or testing, a stub is used until the actual component becomes available.
		A collection of styles stored in a file that determines the layout of the documents to which it is attached.
	www.ncits.org /tc_home/k5htm/s4.htm (1569 words)

	Stored program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		End of the Line, Withdrawn and Stored Locomotives UK Storage locations for all withdrawn and stored locomotives around the UK.
		Log files can be stored on a hard disk, and configuration data is stored on a floppy disk and kept on a RAM disk during run-time.
		Consortium for Integrated Management of Stored Product Insect Pests Proposals, reports and results of a project funded by the USDA to develop technologies for stored product insect management.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Stored_program.html (461 words)

	Stored program control system with switching between instruction word systems - Patent 4274138
		Instead of storing these parameters as a portion of the condition code they may be stored in a general register, and may be saved to a memory device when an interruption is made.
		At step 18, a PSW stored at step 12 is loaded as a new PSW and a location counter (LOC), not shown, and other condition codes are returned to their original locations at the time of the interruption at step 20.
		Finally, it is possible to execute an interruption processing program written with universal instruction words while a sequence instruction is being executed, because an address location counter to be executed next time, and a condition code CC representing the result of execution of the sequence are stored in the PSW.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4274138.html (2235 words)

	Konrad Zuse and the Stored Program Computer
		The purpose of the selection unit is to connect the required cell of the memory with the arithmetic unit in an electrical or mechanical way, in order to use the stored number of a calculating operation or to store the number in a cell.
		Translation: The program itself can be stored too, where the instructions are delivered to the control unit by the impulse generator of the machine.
		The programs can be stored in a rigid form, if the machine has to calculate the same program very often.
	www.epemag.com /zuse/part10.htm (654 words)

	Stored Program/Software View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is a very simple program in the C language that asks the user for two numbers, adds them, and prints the result.
		Note that this program makes no assumptions about a particular machine ("platform"); it's really just a slightly odd-looking description of an algorithm; any computer should be able to perform this algorithm.
		Now, although our C program doesn't say anything about a particular type of computer, creating an executable form of the program does require that it be translated into the proper machine language for whichever computer we are using.
	www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~sdexter/core51/SPExample (369 words)

	Stored-program Computers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A significant breakthrough at Manchester in 1948 was the practical realisation of a store that was both reliable enough and large enough to contain a sequence of instructions - the program - as well as its data.
		Somewhat later it was realised that the concept of a stored program would open up countless opportunities.
		Now universally known as compilers, these are programs that translate from a human-oriented expression of a program, in a combination of algebra and English-like phrases, into the machine-oriented order code of a given computer.
	www.computer50.org /mark1/stored.html (215 words)

	The First Stored Program Computer -- EDVAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		, conceived the concept of stored program computing.
		Programs were input using paper tape and output results were passed to a teleprinter.
		Additionally, EDSAC is credited as using one of the first assemblers called "Initial Orders," which allowed it to be programmed symbolically instead of using machine code.
	www.maxmon.com /1946ad.htm (369 words)

	Von Neumann architecture -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The so-called von Neumann architecture is a model for a (A machine for performing calculations automatically) computing machine that uses a single (The commercial enterprise of storing goods and materials) storage structure to hold both the set of instructions on how to perform the computation and the data required or generated by the computation.
		Of course, on a large scale, the ability to treat instructions as data is what makes ((computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program) compilers possible.
		It is also a feature that can be exploited by (A software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer) computer viruses when they add copies of themselves to existing program code.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/vo/von_neumann_architecture.htm (634 words)

	C:\BELLBO~1\COMPSR&E\HTMFILES\00000255.HTM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It has a sufficient instruction set to be classified as a computer, but the storage for temporary data, constants, and programs is limited.
		A jump, for example, is executed by scanning the program for a particular marker which was named in the jump instruction.
		The program library for the Programma 101 is extensive and provides an indication of its capability.
	www.research.microsoft.com /~gbell/Computer_Structures__Readings_and_Examples/00000255.htm (338 words)

	Stored Program Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Looking For stored program - Find stored program and more at Lycos Search.
		Find stored program - Your relevant result is a click away!
		The term von Neumann architecture refers to a computer design model that uses a single storage structure to hold both instructions and data.
	www.folkartmuseum.com /search/encyclopedia/Stored_program (1642 words)

	12 Stored-Program Computers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, the program that is stored is not high-level language text.
		Viewed from the processor, the instructions of the stored program are also a form of "data".
		It is unreasonable to simply allow a user program to jump to the operating system code; the latter must have special privileges which the user program does not.
	www.cs.hmc.edu /claremont/keller/webBook/ch13 (8101 words)

	Stored-program computers - Computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Von Neumann architecture solved problems inherent in the design of the ENIAC, which was then under construction, by storing the machines program in its own memory.
		The Stored Program design defined by the von-Neumann Architecture finally allowed computers to readily exploit their general-purpose potential.
		By storing the computer's program in its own memory it became possible to rapidly "jump" from one instruction to another based on the result of evaluating a condition defined within the program.
	arts.animation.computer.en.exsugo.org /Stored-program%20computers.htm (371 words)

	Virtual Travelog \| The Moore School Lectures and the British Lead in Stored Program Computer Development (1946 -1953)
		Within two years of these lectures the first stored program computer was operational, within 3 years there were 5 operational machines, and within 5 years stored program machines were commercially available.
		By 1946 the conceptual architecture for a stored program computer was well understood by those interested in the field of electronic computing.
		The machine was called EDSACit was the second operational stored program computer after the Baby in Manchester and ran its first successful program on the 6 th May 1949.
	www.virtualtravelog.net /entries/000047.html (3027 words)

	[No title]
		Address space: Instructions of a program have addresses just like data, and more importantly, for ease of implementation (reqt 2) they share the same address space as data in memory.
		Needless to say, such cannibalistic programs went out of fashion quickly, and typically data is well separated from instructions (except for immediate data).
		Program instructions have a numerical representation just like data and are stored in the same address space as data.
	www.ecse.rpi.edu /Courses/F98/ECSE-4730/chap3-1.txt (1132 words)

	50th Anniversary of the Manchester Baby computer
		Most importantly it was the first computer that could store not only data but any (short!) user program in electronic memory and process it at electronic speed.
		From this Small-Scale Experimental Machine a full-sized machine was designed and built, the Manchester Mark 1, which by April 1949 was generally available for computation in scientific research in the University.
		With the integration of a high speed magnetic drum by the Autumn (the ancestor of today's disc) this was the first machine with a fast electronic and magnetic two-level store.
	www.computer50.org (474 words)

	Stored_program
		The EDVAC was the first computer designed using the idea of the stored program, but it took five years to complete.
		Below are some dates pertaining to the first few stored-program computers, but the date information is difficult to put into proper order because some dates are for first running a test program, some dates are the first time the computer was demonstrated or completed, and some dates are for the first delivery or installation.
		The BINAC ran a test program in March 1949, although it wasn't completed until September 1949.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Stored_program (1008 words)

	CCS - First Stored Program Computer Rebuild
		It was distinguished from its predecessors by being the first computer capable of storing and processing a combination of instructions and data entirely within memory.
		Several problems with the CRT store have been overcome by careful attention to earthing, screening, noise-suppression, and selection of CRTs which have not deteriorated in the intervening years.
		The main store was made reliable enough by late September that we were able to run programs for nearly an hour.
	www.cs.man.ac.uk /CCS/ssem/ssem_art.htm (1180 words)

	Stored Program Sound Source Model 208 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To this end, the model 208 utilizes a new functional organization, a particularly rapid system of patching, and program storage via plug-in cards.
		A preamplifier allows external signals (mike, instrument, or line level) to be introduced and modulated, filtered, or otherwise processed.
		The models 208 Stored Program Sound Source is supplied with six blank program cards, an assortment of programming resistors, and a comprehensive instruction manual.
	www.buchla.com /historical/b200/208-programsource.html (321 words)

	Stored Program Computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Instructions are encoded as binary numbers and are stored in the computer’s memory
		a special register - the program counter - keeps track of the next instruction to be executed
		branching is the ability for the program to loacte the next instruction from anywhere in memory
	www-ist.massey.ac.nz /~crjessho/comp_net/Ch3-99/sld020.htm (93 words)

	Chapter 3: Stored program processing
		In this respect it was considerably in advance of the UK's Colossus machines, which were built and ran during the war to crack the German Enigma military cipher machine.
		In June 1945 he drafted a report describing a computer architecture that used memory to stored the program as well as data.
		The Maurice Wilkes' EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer andemdash; so called as long tubes of mercury or other liquids were used as a recirculating serial memory with ultra-sonic pulses travelling the length of the tube and being detected at the end, amplified and fed back to the transducer at the bottom) is better known.
	www.engj.ulst.ac.uk /sidk/essence/ch3_7.htm (2354 words)

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