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Topic: Storegga Slide

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	Storegga Slide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They occurred under water on the edge of Norway's continental shelf (Storegga is Norwegian for "the Great Edge") in the Norwegian Sea, 100 km north west of the Møre coast, where an area the size of Iceland slid, causing a very large tsunami in the North Atlantic Ocean.
		One conclusion is that the slide was caused by material built up during the previous ice age, and that a reoccurrence would only be possible after a new ice age.
		A new slide, potentially larger than Denmark in area, and 400 m to 800 m high, would trigger a very large tsunami that would be devastating for the coast areas around the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Storegga_Slide (265 words)

	storegga tsunami shetland
		The Storegga slides were a major event and have been described as "thelargest mass movement event to affect theNorthwestEuropean continental margin in the last 50,000 years" (3).
		The second slide travelled for 800km and passed through 3500m of water depth, the down draw from this event is believed to have generated the tsunami that struck East Scotland 7,000 years ago.
		The slide surface is smoother than that of the second event, this indicates that the slide was shallow and only affected the upper sediments (2).
	www.fettes.com /shetland/Storegga.html (951 words)

	Thermal Models for Post-Glacial Evolution of the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone: Storegga Slide, Norwegian Margin, by ...
		Thus the early Holocene date of the Storegga slide presents a problem for the hypothesis that GH dissociation, caused by low sea levels of the LGM, contributed to northern hemisphere deglaciation, which by that time (8.15 ka) was substantially complete.
		We test the hypothesis that sliding was delayed into the early Holocene by modeling the time it took for late glacial or early post-glacial warming to penetrate to the base of the GH stability zone.
		The headwall of the Storegga slide is located near the outer edge of grounded LGM ice sheets, which, although grounded on the shelf, were nearly afloat at their distal edges.
	www.searchanddiscovery.com /documents/2004/jung/index.htm (2453 words)

	The Tsunami Risks Project - Study: North Atlantic
		In the case of the Second Storegga Slide of circa 7,100 years ago one might imagine that tsunami waves reached the coastline of eastern Canada yet stratigraphic investigations of lake sediments locally close to sea level in Newfoundland have not revealed any trace of the tsunami (MacPherson, pers.
		Inspection of Figure 1 shows very clearly that although the Storegga Slides represent the principal area of sea floor slumping along the continental slope margin of NW Europe, there are many other locations where geological surveys have demonstrated the presence of large numbers of small slump and slide deposits.
		None of them however are of a magnitude similar to the Storegga Slides or to the newly-discovered slide north of the Faeroe Islands (Van Weering et al., 1998).
	www.nerc-bas.ac.uk /tsunami-risks/html/HSE1Sources.htm (792 words)

	Cumbre Vieja - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is believed that this process was driven by the pressure caused by the rising magma heating and vaporizing water trapped within the structure of the island.
		Should that happen, the resulting megatsunami would reach local heights of well over 300 meters and the speed of a jetliner, reaching the African coast in three hours, the coast of England in five, and the eastern seaboard of North America in eight.
		In recorded history, the Krakatoa and Santorini eruptions have generated devastating and deadly tsunamis, yet the damage was local and did not propagate across long distances.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cumbre_Vieja (600 words)

	Edinburgh Geologist - The Storegga Slide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Storegga Slide, located in the North Atlantic off Norway, is recognised as a large bathometric depression with a steep headwall.
		The triggers for slide propagation were probably earthquakes, for this region is the most seismically active part of the UK-Norway area, and the northern flank of the Storegga Slide lies along the line of the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone.
		The presence of gas may have facilitated movement, and the high sedimentation rate was probably an important tactor for the slides on the North Sea Fan to the south of the Slide.
	www.edinburghgeolsoc.org /z_28_04.html (1073 words)

	Storegga Slide
		The Holocene Storegga Slide, adjacent to the North Sea Fan, is the most studied of all the Norwegian slides and the subject of ongoing studies (Bugge et al., 1988; Evans et al., 1996; Bryn, P. et al., 2003; Haflidason et al.
		The Storegga Slide depression separates the North Sea Fan in the south from the Vøring Plateau to the north.
		Although the mechanism that initiate the Storegga Slide is still not well understood, the first event of the Holocene Storegga Slide, according to Bryn et al.(2002) was followed by successively smaller slides.
	www.geos.ed.ac.uk /homes/s0456225/Storegga.html (435 words)

	Landslide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Often very large, these slides are unusually mobile, flowing very far over low angle, flat, or even slightly uphill terrain.
		They are suspected of "riding" on a blanket of pressurized air, thus reducing friction with the underlying surface.
		Payatas, Manila garbage slide on 11 July 2000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Landslides (456 words)

	IFE - The Storegga slide: evaluation of triggering sources and slide mechanics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The enormous slide was released in an area where the average slope inclination is in the order of 0.6–0.7°.
		Slide mechanisms and possible triggering sources that can cause large scale slide events at such low inclinations have been studied.
		The three factors; slide mechanism, excess pore pressure and strain softening, have been incorporated in a retrogressive slide model, which demonstrates that large scale slide processes are possible, even at the low slope gradients in the Storegga area.
	www.ife.no /publications/2005/miljo/publication.2005-11-07.7341123795 (216 words)

	NRL - Dissociation of Sub-Seafloor Gas Hydrates and Seafloor Stability: What Thermobaric Models Show
		Although we did not try to model the transient slide event, we know it stripped off most of the hydrate stability zone (8.15ka-), which then rethickened as the warm subbottom exposed by the slide was cooled by the overlying water.
		Deep parcels (e.g.,#7) were unaffected by warming, while other parcels (e.g., #3,6) never approached the stability field, except in the slide scar, where they were abruptly jerked toward lower pressure and temperature by the slide event (dashed lines), only to warm again as thermal equilibrium was restored after 8.15ka.
		Summary and Conclusion: Modeling the thermobaric evolution of the Storegga slide area may explain why this and other slides occurred during post-glacial times, when pressures were rising and hydrate stability should have been on the increase.
	www.nrl.navy.mil /content.php?P=03REVIEW181-2 (834 words)

	Introduction
		OL is an extremely challenging project as it is located in the core of the Storegga slide that took place about 8000 years ago and left a headwall at the shelf break of close to 300km length.
		A depiction of the reservoir extent and the seabed area influenced by the slide is also found in Figure 1.
		The slide is one of the largest subsea landslides known so far and created onshore deposits around the North East Atlantic which may be traced back to the flooding associated with the tsunami that was generated by the sliding depression.
	www.uib.no /People/nmaie/ormen/notat/ol/node1.html (528 words)

	Hydro.com/ormenlange - The Storegga slide
		The slide, which ended up at a depth of 300-2500 metres, created a 10-20 metre high tidal wave that reached the Norwegian coast.
		The Ormen Lange field is in the middle of the depression left behind by the Storegga slide and is close to the steep slide edge which rises 200-300 metres up towards the continental shelf.
		The field is at a depth of 800 to 1100 metres and the slide has made the seabed very hilly, with peaks that jut up 30 to 60 metres.
	www.hydro.com /ormenlange/en/about_ormen/key_features/storegga_slide/index.html (321 words)

	ESF - Processes at the Passive Continental Margins (EUROMARGINS)
		Submarine slides are common and very effective mechanisms of sediment transfer from shelf and upper slope to deep-sea basins.
		The triggering and age of the slide event is presently unknown but the age could be postglacial, possibly Holocene.
		The slide headwall is enormous and up to 1300 m in height showing a very steep gradient if compared to the giant Storegga slide and the Ana slide headwalls.
	www.esf.org /esf_article.php?language=0&domain=3&activity=7&article=127&page=1168 (1225 words)

	Slide in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A slide check is a valve used in pressure pressurized systems that lets air out ahead of it the destination while keeping pressure intact from behind it the source.
		Bertlemann slide, or bert, is a skateboarding trick where the skateboarder slides on the wheels of his...
		A slide rest is part of a lathe metal metal turning lathe, and enables the turner to precisely control the movement of the tool, by means of a screw, as it is cutting.
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Slide (869 words)

	The Younger Dryas busted - Page 2 - SciForums.com
		The Storegga Slide occurred 8200 years ago and was the last megaslide in this region where similar slides have occurred with intervals of approximately 100 ky since the onset of continental shelf glaciations at 0.5 Ma.
		The slides are in general translational with the failure planes related to strain softening behaviour of marine clay layers.
		The destabilisation prior to the slide is related to rapid loading from glacial deposits with generation of excess pore pressure and reduction of the effective shear strength in the underlying clays.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?p=950850#post950850 (2496 words)

	SEMP - he Storegga Landslides: Catastrophic Underwater Natural Methane Explosions
		The Storegga landslide complex is a world-class geographic feature and one of the largest areas of known slope failure anywhere in the world.
		The Second Storegga Slide was large enough to have caused a megatsunami around 7,100 years ago that triggered widespread coastal flooding in Scotland, Norway and other coastlines bordering the eastern North Atlantic and North Sea.
		Bathymetry and acoustic seafloor imagery of the Storegga Slide have identified seafloor depressions or “pockmarks” up to 1500 feet in diameter and less than 15 feet in depth, which are associated with the presence of gas.
	www.semp.us /biots/biot_301.html (1041 words)

	The Tsunami Risks Project - Study: North Atlantic
		In marked contrast, there are no fossil submarine slides in the North Sea region since the area is characterised by an extensive area of shallow and relatively flat continental shelf.
		The Storegga submarine landslide complex in the Norwegian Sea is one of the largest areas of slope failure in the world
		The three principal submarine slides that occur in the Storegga area were first described by Bugge (1983) and detailed accounts of the features have been subsequently provided in several papers (Bugge et al., 1987; Jansen et al., 1987; Bugge et al., 1988).
	www.nerc-bas.ac.uk /tsunami-risks/html/HSE1Storegga.htm (593 words)

	Submarine and Subaerial Landslides: Interfaces for Mapping and Modeling II Posters - Ocean Sciences [OS]
		A second type of slope failures and slides of smaller scale was found to be related to the dissociation of methane hydrate near the sea floor.
		Smaller scale, shallow slides are present on the very shallow water slope area adjacent to the channels, raising the possibility of groundwater seepage as an influence on slope stability.
		Slides and channels of a similar scale are found at the mouth of a secondary distributary channel and an abandoned distributary channel.
	www.agu.org /meetings/fm04/fm04-sessions/fm04_OS23B.html (5653 words)

	The Storegga Slide: A Major Challenge on the Northeast Atlantic Margin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The affected area is 90 000km2, equivalent to nearly 30% of the Norwegian mainland, and the slide caused a devastating tsunami.
		The Storegga Slide is only the last in a series of huge slides in the same region during the last 0.5-1.0 My.
		This presentation emphasises on the slide morphology, the deposits and the geohazard aspects of the region.
	aapg.confex.com /aapg/2006am/techprogram/A102249.htm (335 words)

	OilOnline - The Original Online Source for the Oil Industry
		As a result of the slide, the seabed at Ormen Lange is literally a field of debris, a tortuous and irregular terrain of randomly sited blocks that jut up to 60m high with very steep slopes.
		The conclusion was that the lines could not be laid directly onto the existing terrain in the slide area because free-spans in the lines could overstress or even break the pipelines under their own weight.
		The highways follow individual routes through the Storegga slide, for which PSL had to achieve accuracy within 0.5m in terms of overall routing, and 100mm on vertical depth with some trenches reaching 5m deep.
	www.oilonline.com /news/features/oe/20060313.Feat_of_.20613.asp (2032 words)

	International Centre for Geohazards - 2005
		Large submarine slides may, in addition to damaging offshore installations cause tsunamis with devastating consequences to third parties in coastal areas.
		ICG personnel have for a long period been involved in the studies of the Storegga Slide, offshore Mid-Norway.
		The Storegga Region has experienced repeated sliding through the last 0.5 million years, and the activity aims at understanding the causes for this and its implications.
	www.geohazards.no /projects/offshoregeohazards.htm (2315 words)

	The Tsunami Risks Project - Study: North Atlantic
		Owing to the good correspondence between the measured runup values and the predicted values for a 35ms-1 slide velocity for this area, the latter landslide velocity is considered to be realistic.
		The data of Harbitz suggest that the Second Storegga Slide was associated with two major tsunami waves as well as several minor water level fluctuations.
		A weakness of the Harbitz model of the Second Storegga tsunami is that it does not make any correction for tidal changes that may have occurred during the progress of the tsunami.
	www.nerc-bas.ac.uk /tsunami-risks/html/HSE2SedModel4.htm (738 words)

	are scientists doing the backstroke now on global warming? - SciForums.com
		Storegga, Norwegian margin 8150 years (Cal) BP, A estimated 3500 kubic kilometres of Clathrate was converted to 160 time that space in Methane gas.
		This submarine landslide, which occurred about 8000 years ago, is one of the greatest underwater slides known.
		The fl circles mark where deposits from the tsunamis that were generated by the slide have been found.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?goto=lastpost&t=43452 (1345 words)

	Atlas: The Storegga Slide and Tsunami in the North Atlantic Region by Alastair Dawson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The scale of the slide deposit is demonstrated, for example, by a scarp slope 150km in width that defines the head of the slide and by individual blocks of Quaternary sediment up to 200m in length that are incorporated within the slide complex.
		Modelling of the slide and tsunami appear to indicate that it had an average velocity of ca.
		It is not known if the slide was generated by a large offshore earthquake or by gas release from within the slide sediments.
	atlas-conferences.com /c/a/j/i/20.htm (386 words)

	e-Prints Soton - Slope failure dynamics and impacts from seafloor and shallow sub-seafloor geophysical data: case ...
		The investigated slides range in size from the gigantic 90,000 km2 and almost 3000 km3 Storegga Slide to the tiny 1 km2 and 0.001 km3 Finneidfjord Slide.
		Although slide headwalls might present locally steep gradients (up to 23° for Storegga Slide), the slope gradients of both the failed segment margins and the main slip planes are very low (max.
		An exception is the Finneidfjord Slide (20°–<5°) that occurred in 1996 because of a combination of climatic and anthropogenic factors leading to excess pore pressure and failure.
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /14885 (743 words)

	Earth Change News on Earth Changes TV on the Web
		The Storegga Slide was one of the world's largest undersea earthquakes: 4,000 cubic miles of sediment moved from an area the size of Northumberland, Durham and Cumbria, on the seabed off Norway.
		Slides the size of Storegga are triggered by seabed gas build-up and explosions or undersea earthquakes of six and seven on the Richter Scale.
		We are continuing with geotechnical borings to evaluate the stability of the seabed.
	www.earthchangestv.com /breaking/April_Part2_2001/0430gigantic.htm (1005 words)

	FNF: SUBMARINE SLIDES: Tsunami causes in the North Atlantic Area (Storegga) ...
		Submarine slides are common features of the eastern Atlantic continental slope and outer continental shelf edge.
		two of these slides are two of the largest features in the world.
		Since major submarine slide activity has taken place in the Storegga area on at least three occasions in the geologically recent past and since additional older slides have recently been discovered beneath the main slide complex,
	www.hi.is /~joner/eaps/wh_disst.htm (567 words)

	Papers - EURODOM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Gas hydrates at the Storegga Slide: Constraints from analysis of multi-component wide-angle seismic data; Geophysics, 70 (5): 19-34.
		The Gebra Slide: A submarine slide on the Trinity Peninsula margin, Antarctica; Marine Geology, 193 (3-4): 235-252.
		Ocean warming and gas hydrate stability on the mid-Norwegian margin at the Storegga Slide; Marine and Petroleum Geology, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 22 (1-2): 233-244.
	geomar.geo.ub.es /eurodom/papers.htm (5568 words)

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