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Topic: Stranded gas reserve

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	International Energy Outlook 2006 - Natural Gas
		Natural gas is expected to be the fastest growing fuel source in OECD Europe, with demand increasing at an annual average rate of 2.0 percent, from 17.8 trillion cubic feet in 2003 to 23.9 trillion cubic feet in 2015 and 30.8 trillion cubic feet in 2030.
		Natural gas consumption for electricity generation in OECD Europe increases on average by 3.9 percent per year from 2003 to 2030, surpassing the use of renewables for electricity generation (on a Btu basis) by 2015 and the use of coal or nuclear power by 2020.
		Natural gas is the fastest growing fuel in Australia and New Zealand in the reference case; however, with the region’s abundance of coal reserves, and with its natural gas reserves located far from demand centers, its natural gas consumption in 2030 on a Btu basis is less than one-half of its coal consumption.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/ieo/nat_gas.html (4122 words)

	STRANDED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Stranded Costs should be allocated to jurisdictions and customer classes in a manner consistent with the specific company's current rate treatment of the stranded asset, in order to affect a recovery of stranded costs that is in substantially the same proportion as the recovery of similar costs from customers or customer classes under current rates.
		Stranded costs should be allocated to jurisdictions and classes in a manner consistent with the specific company's current rate treatment of the stranded asset in order to effect a recovery of stranded costs that is in substantially the same proportion as the recovery of similar costs from customers or customer classes under current rates.
		Where stranded costs are to be fully recoverable and collected through a distribution charge, an existing stranded generation asset or generation-related regulatory asset that would otherwise have to be written off due to the discontinuance of SFAS No. 71, may continue to be carried on the books of the utility as a distribution-based regulatory asset.
	www.cc.state.az.us /working/stranded.htm (18251 words)

	Natural gas field - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oil and natural gas are produced by the same geological process: anaerobic decay of organic matter deep under the Earth's surface.
		The deeper the source, the "drier" the gas (that is, the smaller the proportion of condensates in the gas).
		Because both oil and natural gas are lighter than water, they tend to rise from their sources until they either seep to the surface or are trapped by a non-permeable layer of rock.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Natural_gas_field (247 words)

	Stranded gas reserve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A stranded gas reserve is a natural gas field that has been discovered, but remains unusable for either physicial or economic reasons.
		The reserve may be in a region where demand for gas is saturated, and the cost of exporting gas beyond this region is too great.
		A gas field that is too deep to drill for, or is beneath an obstruction may be considered physically stranded despite access being desirable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stranded_gas_reserve (243 words)

	The National Energy Modeling System An Overview
		Reserve additions per well (or finding rates) are projected through a set of equations that distinquish between new field discoveries and discoveries (extensions) and revisions in known fields.
		The reserve additions are added to the beginning-of-year proved reserves from the current forecast year, after the forecasted production levels are subtracted, to establish the beginning–of–year proved reserves for the next forecast year.
		This allows stranded gas, or gas that would otherwise be inaccessible due either to lack of nearby markets or lack of pipeline infrastructure to deliver it to local markets, to be monetized.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/aeo/overview/oil_gas.html (2392 words)

	Liquid Natural Gas, LNG, from Coalbed Gas \| Prometheus Energy
		Coalbed gas released from coal seams via drilled wells is a mixture primarily of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen with minor concentrations of light hydrocarbons and oxygen.
		Known reserves are steadily increasing as better estimation technique evolve and the accumulated proven reserves of 15,708 bcf (billion cubic feet) of coalbed methane shows an increase of 19 % from 1999 levels with an estimated 13,229 bcf of accessible reserves.
		This is a result of nurturing of the concept of coalbed gas reserves as unconventional sources of natural gas supply by the Gas Research Institute.
	www.prometheus-energy.com /whatwedo/coalbedgas.php (1005 words)

	Executive Summary - Prospects For Development of Alaska Natural Gas: A Review
		Three percent (0.92 tcf) of Alaska’s exportable gas reserves occur within fields in the Cook Inlet basin of southern Alaska and are at present dedicated to future LNG exports to Japan.
		However, 37 to 44 tcf of gas are estimated to occur in sub-permafrost gas hydrates in and around the Prudhoe Bay-area developed oil fields and might be exploited on an experimental basis once a gas transportation infrastructure is installed.
		The 5.8 billion barrels oil reserves remaining (as of late 1999) in the Prudhoe Bay area fields (originally17 billion barrels) are now only a little larger than the remaining gas reserves—an energy asset equivalent to 4.6 billion barrels of oil.
	www.mms.gov /alaska/re/natgas/akngases.htm (2910 words)

	CALIFORNIA NATURAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE OUTLOOK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gas from the Southwest and Rocky Mountains is transported from the border with Arizona at Topock to Milpitas in the South Bay across the Baja Path
		Gas from Canada is transported to the middle of California (Panoche and Antioch) via the Redwood Path (Line 400/401) from the Oregon border at Malin.
		Gas demand by electric generators within the state may be further diminished if new power plants under construction in neighboring states sell some of their power into California.
	www.cpuc.ca.gov /published/report/natural_gas_report.htm (11746 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Push to open up ANWR leaves Alaskan industry experts puzzled
		There is so much Alaskan natural gas being pumped back into the ground instead of being sold for fuel that the push by President George W. Bush to open up the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to obtain natural gas has left industry experts in Alaska puzzled.
		There are a number of proposals that have been suggested over the years for overland gas lines to the Lower 48 states or a LNG system that would ship the fuel by tankers.
		The member companies, who are natural gas owners, natural gas producers and natural gas marketers, hope to choose a terminus site soon, and have solicited input from local communities.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntn12548.htm (626 words)

	Will We Have Enough Oil And Natural Gas? \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		Although defining and quantifying reserves will be an important component of your task, the key issue is NOT how much oil and natural gas is left in the ground.
		Reserve volumes are estimated using 95 percentile, mode, mean, or 5 percentile recovery data.
		The practical value of oil and natural gas deposits will change over time in proportion to the probability they can be physically recovered and transported to a refinery at a cost commensurate with world market prices.
	www.energybulletin.net /11870.html (2112 words)

	Economic Analysis of Undiscovered Oil and Gas of the Central North Slope of Alaska, 2005 \| USGS Fact Sheet 2005-3120
		However, more than 25 TCF of stranded gas is currently ready to market from existing oil fields on the North Slope at much lower cost than what it would take to discover and develop new gas accumulations.
		Similarly, at 5th-fractile estimate representing a 5% occurrence probability of at least 44.9 TCF of gas, 34.5 TCF is economic; and at the mean estimate of 33.3 TCF of gas, 24 TCF is economic.
		The gas analysis showed that significant volumes of the undiscovered gas are likely to be economic, in spite of moderate accumulation sizes, distance from infrastructure, and uncertainties about transportation.
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/2005/3120 (1252 words)

	Gas explosion - October 30, 2005 - Petroleum News
		When the dust finally settled a week after Commissioner of Natural Resources Tom Irwin put gas pipeline negotiation concerns in a memo, he was out and Alaska Gov. Frank Murkowski had in hand resignations from six department officials including both deputy commissions, three directors and one of the commissioner’s special assistants.
		On the issue of whether the gas is stranded, Irwin said the governor “acknowledged in his recent speech before the State Chamber of Commerce in Valdez, that gas must now be considered ‘unstranded.’”
		The governor said Sept. 13: “The gas truly was stranded, because the economics weren’t there to support it.” Two things, he said, happened to change that: Congress passed federal enabling legislation and the price of gas increased.
	www.petroleumnews.com /pntruncate/314288478.shtml (1092 words)

	DOE - Fossil Energy: DOE's Oil/Gas Research Program
		The most plentiful supplies of natural gas throughout the world may be the methane molecules trapped in ice-like structures called hydrates.
		One way to potentially lower the relatively high costs of locating and producing hydrocarbons in the United States may be to reduce the size of the borehole and the equipment needed to drill it.
		Natural gas imports are becoming an increasingly important source of gas supply in the United States, accounting for about 19 percent of U.S. natural gas in 2004.
	www.fe.doe.gov /programs/oilgas/index.html (738 words)

	Oil and Gas Investor - Features :: Independent U.S. Gas
		Increasingly, America’s natural gas reserves are in the hands of independents, rather than super-majors.
		America’s top independent gas reserve-holders have each arrived there by honing a strength in the U.S. marketplace, and they’re sticking with it.
		Stranded gas is generally thought of as being in remote locations far from market infrastructure, often in exotic international basins.
	www.oilandgasinvestor.com /articles/features/22413.htm (291 words)

	[No title]
		Alaska's legislature passed a Stranded Gas Development Act in 1998, to encourage a pipeline outlet for stranded North Slope gas.
		Add up all the numbers, and a gas pipeline could have a life of "100 years, if you believe a significant portion of the resource can be recovered," he said.
		Known gas reserves at Prudhoe Bay and Point Thompson alone would not support the economics for a major gas line, and the ANWR area isn't seen as heavily gas-prone.
	www.aapg.org /explorer/2005/01jan/alaska.cfm (1321 words)

	1998 Natural Gas Market Outlook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The total resource base (gas recoverable with today's technology) for the Lower 48 states is estimated to be about 975 trillion cubic feet (TCF), enough to satisfy current production levels for more than 50 years.
		A major factor contributing to this lower growth rate is the incorporation of a reserve appreciation function in the NARG model.
		Of special importance is the creation of natural gas hub centers which increase utilization of existing capacity through streamlining capacity utilization and exchange transactions.
	www.energy.ca.gov /reports/98_natural_gas_outlook.html (1812 words)

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