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Topic: Strangulation

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	Strangulation
		Strangulation implies pressure to the neck, and deaths due to strangulation are therefore of immense forensic importance.
		External skin markings may include scratches from the struggling victim, and the internal injuries may include those seen in manual strangulation, but are often less obvious or developed.
		Suicidal strangulation by ligature is less common, but there may be a ligature wound around the neck several times, involving complicated knots.
	www.forensicmed.co.uk /strangulation.htm (0 words)

	OPDV Bulletin: Strangulation in Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault
		When perpetrators use strangulation to silence their victims, this is a form of power and control that has a devastating psychological effect on victims and a potentially fatal outcome.
		Strangulation is defined as a form of asphyxia and is characterized by closure of the blood vessels and/or air passages of the neck as a result of external pressure on the neck.
		Strangulation by ligature is done with a cord like object that could include anything from a telephone cord to articles of clothing.
	www.opdv.state.ny.us /public_awareness/bulletins/fall2003/strangulation.html (930 words)

	Strangulation bill merits are debated
		Strangulation is defined in SB2185 as willfully impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of another individual by applying pressure on the throat or neck, or blocking the nose or mouth of the other individual.
		Strangulation's connections to assault and attempted murder work the same way, she said.
		The definition of strangulation as written in SB2185 could be added to the definition of bodily injury in the existing aggravated assault statute, Feland and Erickson proposed.
	www.bismarcktribune.com /articles/2007/01/16/news/local/127194.txt (796 words)

	Ligature strangulation: Not very common but contested too often.
		The controversies in hanging are relevant because hanging being presented, as ligature strangulation and ligature strangulation being contested as hanging are not rare.
		Controversies are relevant because hanging being presented as ligature strangulation and ligature strangulation being contested as hanging are not rare.
		Autopsy opinion in the death of this recently married woman (Fig 6 & 7) is an example of error in diagnosis of “hanging”.
	www.crimeandclues.com /ligature_strangulation.htm (3408 words)

	Strangling Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Manual strangulation (in the UK called throttling and choking in the U.S.) refers to strangling with the hands, fingers or with other extremities (sometimes also with blunt objects such as batons).
		More technical variants of manual strangulation are referred to as chokeholds, and are extensively practised and used in various martial arts, combat sports, self-defense systems, and in military hand-to-hand combat application.
		Strangulation has been a common theme in literature and films, especially in murder mysteries and horror films.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Strangling (760 words)

	Dr. Anil Aggrawal's Forensic Files: Death by Strangulation(WMM, Spring 2005)
		Strangulation is a kind of death in which the neck is compressed by a ligature.
		In this form of strangulation, the neck is compressed between two sticks or hard objects, usually bamboos, one being placed across the throat in front and another behind.
		The criminal strangulated a young boy with a plastic twine, with a characteristic weave.
	lifeloom.com /II4Aggrawal.htm (2169 words)

	Journal Gazette \| 12/11/2006 \| Batterer beware: Strangulation becomes a felony (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rather than including strangulation in a general battery statute, the legislature opted to include it in the domestic violence statute because, “this is a technique or an action that is often taken specifically in domestic violence cases,” Murphy said.
		And outsiders detecting the strangulation may be the only way the victim can escape her batterer because family members, friends and neighbors might be more inclined than victims to call police, Hawley said.
		Had the strangulation statute been available when she was attacked, Debbie said it may have prevented her husband from convincing her children and even her own father that she was responsible for the problems in their marriage.
	www.fortwayne.com /mld/journalgazette/16213219.htm (1146 words)

	Responders Learn to Spot Signs of Strangulation
		The laws have emerged along with a growing recognition across the country that non-lethal strangulation assaults are one of the "red flags" of deadly family violence.
		The trend has been fueled by improvements in training first responders to detect signs of strangulation, which women usually describe as "choking." Although external injuries might not be obvious to a casual observer, clinicians and criminal justice advocates say tell-tale signs are apparent in about half of all strangulation victims.
		Strangulation is intentional, and it can kill someone immediately, cause brain damage, and it can kill hours or days after the initial assault.
	www.womensenews.org /article.cfm?aid=2573 (1289 words)

	Search Results for "Strangulation"
		To be hanged; from the gurgling noise made in strangulation.
		The Latin word is cynanchia, and the Greek word kunanche, from kuon anche, dog strangulation, because persons suffering from quinsy throw open the mouth...
		...is both transitive and intransitive, meaning to kill someone by strangling and to die by strangulation.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Strangulation (299 words)

	Pathologist says Andrade-Gooden died from strangulation - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Kadiyalp said some of the abrasions on the body were inflicted after death as the body was dragged on a rough surface causing post-mortem abrasions, but he said the teeth marks were anti-mortem injuries.
		He said wounds to the scalp, face, right arm and forearm were already done when the body was dumped, therefore the open wounds to the body might have attracted the animals.
		He added that it was also not common in manual strangulation in persons between 45 to 50 years old for the Hyoid bone to be fractured.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20041029T230000-0500_68496_OBS_PATHOLOGIST_SAYS_ANDRADE_GOODEN_DIED_FROM_STRANGULATION.asp (443 words)

	Know the Law: Resource Materials on Strangulation
		Before the Strangulation Conference, it is likely he would have been charged with only a violation or a misdemeanor.
		When perpetrators use strangulation to silence their victims, this is a form of power and control.
		Manual strangulation is done with the hands, forearms (as in the classic police chokehold), or standing or kneeling on the victim's throat.
	www.correctionhistory.org /northcountry/html/knowlaw/strangulation3.htm (1869 words)

	RECALL: Cribs that pose strangulation hazard -- South Florida Sun-Sentinel.com
		RECALL: Cribs that pose strangulation hazard -- South Florida Sun-Sentinel.com
		About 400 ``Moderne'' and ``Loft'' Cribs, imported and distributed by NettoCollection LLC and made in Poland, because the crib slats can separate from the side rails, which poses as an entrapment and strangulation hazard to children.
		The company has received three reports of the side rail spindles separating from the top rail.
	www.sun-sentinel.com /news/local/florida/sfl-94recall,0,6223837.story?track=rss (0 words)

	Minimizing Strangulation Risk with FEA
		RAM Consulting began studying the hazards associated with strangulation after recognizing that strangulation is the second leading cause of accidental death for children in the United States, trailing behind suffocation, which comprises approximately 60 percent (see figure 1) of deaths.
		Furthermore, ligature strangulation occurs most often in children between one and two years of age, who are often mobile, but lack the balance of older children, and are curious about their environment.
		Suspension strangulation is the second type and comprised approximately 70 percent of the strangulation cases studied.
	www.algor.com /news_pub/cust_app/itsramch/itsramch.asp?print=yes& (2832 words)

	Preventing Strangulation and Suffocation Among Infants and Young Children - SAFEusa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These deaths can often be prevented if parents and care givers watch their children more closely and take steps to improve safety in the home, especially in sleeping areas.
		Strangulation can occur if a baby's clothing gets caught on a high corner post or if a baby's head gets caught in a cut-out.
		While hyperthermia (becoming too hot) was the most frequent cause of death, asphyxia (suffocation) was a contributing factor in half of the cases.
	www.safeusa.org /home/suffocat.htm (881 words)

	Recall to Repair Window Blinds (Site not responding. Last check: )
		114 strangulations involve the outer pull cords, and 16 involve the inner cords that hold the blind slats.
		In most cases, the outer pull cords were placed out of reach, but the children strangled when they pulled on the inner cords of the blinds.
		The strangulation victims ranged in age from 9 months to 17 months.
	www.cpsc.gov /cpscpub/prerel/prhtml01/01023.html (614 words)

	eMedicine - Hanging Injuries and Strangulation : Article by William Ernoehazy, Jr, MD, FACEP (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Synonyms and related keywords: judicial hanging, suicidal hanging, strangulation assault, autoerotic strangulation, compression injury, airway, neck, spinal cord, hanging injury, strangulation injury, compression of the neck, distraction of the neck, neck injuries, hangman fracture, decapitation, cerebral hypoxia, ischemic neuronal death, spinal cord injury, cervical spinal disruption
		Pathophysiology: The pathophysiology of morbidity and mortality from strangulation injuries is controversial and varied, except in classical judicial hangings.
		Strangulation injuries account for approximately 2.5% of all traumatic deaths worldwide.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic227.htm (2213 words)

	CPSC Warns Older Window Coverings Pose Strangulation Risk to Children
		Strangulations can occur when young children become entangled in the inner or outer cord on the window covering.
		In all cases, the children became inadvertently entangled and died from strangulation.
		Long, dangling window cords and chains still pose a strangulation hazard, because young children can wrap the cord around their neck.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/10-04-2006/0004445085&EDATE= (753 words)

	Udate Your Window Coverings to Prevent Child Strangulation - Moms
		From 1991 through 2004, about 200 strangulation deaths involving the cords and chains on window coverings have been reported to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
		Strangulation can occur when young children become entangled in the inner or outer cord on a window covering.
		Most of the reported strangulation deaths involved the outer pull cords.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art1768.asp (367 words)

	Strangulation With Intravenous Tubing: A Previously Undescribed Adverse Advent in Children -- Garros et al. 111 (6): ...
		Strangulation With Intravenous Tubing: A Previously Undescribed Adverse Advent in Children -- Garros et al.
		Strangulation With Intravenous Tubing: A Previously Undescribed Adverse Advent in Children
		Suffocation, choking, and strangulation in children in England and Wales: epidemiology and prevention.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/111/6/e732 (1462 words)

	SSAT - 2006 Abstracts: Effectiveness of Diagnostic Paracentesis for Suspected Strangulation Obstruction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RESULTS; During 18 months of study period, 32 patients were suspected of strangulation preoperatively by history, physical exams, and radiographic imaging, and had their ascites obtained either by paracentesis or at laparotomy.
		Among those 32 patients, strangulation obstruction was confirmed at laparotomy for 21 patients, 2 patients had simple obstruction, 1 patient had non-therapeutic laparotomy for pseudoobstruction, and 7 patients were treated conservatively.
		Asites hematocrit, red blood cell, and lactate are identified as indicators to predict strangulation obstruction by univariate study (TABLE), and hematocrit and RBC sufficiently predicted strangulation by multivariate study.
	www.ssat.com /cgi-bin/abstracts/06ddw/SSAT_DDW06_240.cgi?affiliation=stud... (352 words)

	Choking, Suffocation and Strangulation Prevention
		Strangulation occurs among children when items such as clothing, drawstrings, ribbons, necklaces, and window blind cords wrap around their necks.
		Young children also can strangle in openings that permit the passage of their bodies, yet that are to small for and entrap their heads, such as bunk bed guardrails and playground equipment.
		Two-thirds of the children who die do so as a result of suffocation that has a mechanical cause, such as small objects or strangulation by ropes or cords.
	www.portlandonline.com /fire/index.cfm?&a=7023&c=26229 (547 words)

	Legislators revisit strangulation law (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It defines strangulation as the act of knowingly and intentionally impeding the normal breathing or blood flow of a person by applying pressure on the throat or by blocking the nose and mouth.
		Deputy Stacy Sharp said if the bill passes, Florida will be part of a national trend where states have sought to clarify their strangulation laws in order to help victims of domestic violence and sexual assault.
		In situations where there are no visible marks on the victims, the cases "are inappropriately tried as misdemeanors even though the victims may have been minutes from death," he said.
	www.heraldtribune.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060330/NEWS/603300426 (451 words)

	Strangulation Hazard with Playground Cargo Nets (Site not responding. Last check: )
		CPSC knows of incidents at fast food restaurants where a child’s head was entrapped and an adult had to cut the net to release the child.
		Consumers who know of playground cargo nets that could cause head entrapment should stop children from climbing on the net and should call the CPSC toll-free hotline at 1-800-638-2772 to report the location and brand of the cargo net.
		Net openings should either be too small to permit entry of a child’s body or large enough to permit free passage of a child’s head.
	www.cpsc.gov /cpscpub/pubs/5065.html (179 words)

	Israel maintains “strangulation” policy in Gaza – Rights groups (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Israel maintains a "strangulation" policy in the Gaza Strip, which remains a “big prison” for Palestinians living under occupation, Israeli human rights groups said in a new report released on Tuesday.
		B'Tselem said that most aspects of the "strangulation" policy are illegal according to both Israeli and international laws, and stressed that Israel’s right to self-defense does not allow it to violate the human rights of the Palestinians.
		All Israeli restrictions on Palestinian freedom of movement to and from the Gaza Strip are imposed using “sweeping criteria” and without checking individual cases, the report said.
	www.palestinemonitor.org /new_web/strangulation_policy.htm (387 words)

	eMedicine - Hanging Injuries and Strangulation : Article Excerpt by: William Ernoehazy, Jr, MD, FACEP (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Background: With its relatively small diameter, lack of bony shielding, and close association of the airway, spinal cord, and major vessels, the human neck is uniquely vulnerable to life-threatening compression and distraction injuries.
		Throughout recorded history, various methods of strangulation (ie, disruption of normal blood and air passage in the neck) have been used by assailants and penal systems to injure or kill.
		A hanging involves being suspended by the neck and can be classified as either "complete" or "incomplete." When the whole body is hung off the ground and does not touch the floor or platform at the end of the drop, the hanging is said to be complete.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/hanging-injuries-and-strangulation.htm (603 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Strangulation - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Strangulation (medical condition): The arrest of circulation in a part of the body due to compression
		Strangulation: the act of suffocating (someone) by constricting the windpipe; "no evidence that the choking was done by the accused"
		The following list attempts to classify Strangulation into categories where each line is subset of the next.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/strangulation.htm (233 words)

	Merits of North Dakota strangulation bill debated
		Senate Bill 2185, which was introduced by Sen. Ralph Kilzer, R-Bismarck, at the request of the Abused Adult Resource Center, would create a new section of law prohibiting strangulation.
		The bill would make strangulation a Class C felony, punishable by up to five years in prison and fines of up to $5,000.
		In cases where something other than a person’s hands are used to strangle someone, the offense would be a Class B felony, punishable by up to 10 years in prison and fines of up to $10,000.
	bismarcktribune.com /articles/2007/01/15/news/update/doc45abfa407b0c2657166193.txt (1191 words)

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