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Topic: Strategic Defense Initiative

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	Strategic Defense Initiative - MSN Encarta
		The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a proposal by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983 to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States...
		Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), United States military research program for developing an antiballistic missile (ABM) defense system, first proposed by President Ronald Reagan in March 1983.
		Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld said such a system was needed to protect the United States from possible attacks by terrorist groups or rogue states.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568978/Strategic_Defense_Initiative.html (710 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It also initially had the ambitious goal of a near total defense against a massive sophisticated ICBM attack, vs previous systems which were limited in defensive capacity and geographic coverage, and oriented toward a lighter attack.
		The initial focus of the strategic defense initiative was a nuclear explosion powered X-ray laser designed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by a scientist named Peter Hagelstein who worked with a team called O Group, doing much of the work in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
		In 1984, the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) was established to oversee the program, which was headed by Lt. General James Alan Abrahamson, USAF, a past Director of the NASA Space Shuttle program.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative (3992 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Strategic Defense Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Strategic Defense Initiative was announced in 1983 by President Reagan to explore and establish a space-based defensive shield to guard America against nuclear attacks.
		This Initiative had the noble purpose of "counter[ing] the awesome Soviet missile threat with measures that are defensive" (Reagan, 1983).
		With the erosion of the common enemy mythology and the fear that went along with it, the Strategic Defense Initiative quickly changed in the mind of the public from a necessary program that was integral to the defense of the homeland to a frivolous, unproductive program with no visible purpose.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Strategic-Defense-Initiative (709 words)

	STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE
		The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) was established within the Department of Defense in April 1984.
		NUCLEAR WEAPONS, (q.v.) “impotent and obsolete.” The system was originally expected to deploy a layered defense by means of futuristic weapons technologies, several of which were only in a preliminary research stage in the mid-1980s.
		STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TALKS), and the election in 1992 of Bill Clinton as president, the SDI, like many other weapons programs, was given a lower budgetary priority.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=223221 (769 words)

	Star Wars - Strategic Defence Initiative
		The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), commonly called Star Wars after the popular science fiction movies of the time, was proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983 to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles.
		It also initially had the ambitious goal of a near total defense against a massive sophisticated ICBM attack, vs previous systems which were limited in defensive capacity and geographic coverage, and oriented toward a lighter attack.
		The initial focus of the strategic defense initiative was a nuclear explosion powered X-ray laser designed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by a scientist named Peter Hagelstein who worked with a team called O Group, doing much of the work in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
	www.martinfrost.ws /htmlfiles/aug2006/starwars1.html (3757 words)

	Know the Facts About SDI - Succeed by Studying the History of the United States' Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI): ...
		As servicemen and women, or civil service employees of the military, it is important that we understand the rationale for strategic defense so that we can explain it to friends and acquaintances who are not associated as closely with the military as we are.
		The initiative contemplates only research and experimentation on a broad range of defensive technologies to provide the basis for a decision in the future whether or not to develop systems, which would provide an effective ballistic missile defense capability.
		Thus defenses couple synergistically with arms control leading to attainment of the ultimate goal stated by the president, to eliminate the threat posed by nuclear ballistic missiles.
	www.school-for-champions.com /sdi/rankin_sdi_facts.htm (1353 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative: Distance from disorder is the key to winning the terror war.
		Strategic Defense Initiative: Distance from disorder is the key to winning the terror war.
		Strategically, we are launching military attacks on perceived opponents worldwide, or at least threatening to do so, under a doctrine of preventive war.
		Therefore, defense in war can only be relative, and the characteristic feature of waiting should be applied only to the basic concept, not to all of its components.
	amconmag.com /2004_11_22/cover.html (4492 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative: Special Aviation Features: Wings Over Kansas
		The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), commonly called Star Wars after the popular science fiction movies of the time, was proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983[1] to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles.
		It also initially had the ambitious goal of a near total defense against a massive sophisticated ICBM attack, vs previous systems which were limited in defensive capacity and geographic coverage.
		This potential role reflected defense planner expectations that the rail guns of the future would be capable of not only rapid fire, but also of multiple firings (on the order of tens to hundreds of shots).
	www.wingsoverkansas.com /features/article.asp?id=721 (4347 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative - MSN Encarta
		With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the signing of the START I and II treaties, and the election in 1992 of Bill Clinton as president, the SDI, like many other weapons programs, was given a lower budgetary priority.
		The SDI system was originally planned to provide a layered defense employing advanced weapons technologies, several of which were only in a preliminary research stage.
		The initial annual budget for BMDO was $3.8 billion.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761568978 (612 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Strategic Defense Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Strategic Defense Initiative STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE [Strategic Defense Initiative] (SDI), U.S. government program responsible for research and development of a space-based system to defend the nation from attack by strategic ballistic missiles (see guided missile).
		Defense, United States Department of DEFENSE, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF [Defense, United States Department of] executive department of the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and military affairs.
		The first atomic bombs were used in the context of the Allies' World War II policy of strategic bombing.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/12383.html (630 words)

	Possible Soviet Responses to the US Strategic Defense Initiative
		They see their offensive and defensive operations as closely coupled; by maintaining the initiative in offensive strikes, they can greatly reduce the burden borne by the defensive forces to attempt to limit damage and guard their war-fighting capability.
		The US defense initiative probably came as a surprise to Soviet planners, and they are probably not in a position to react quickly with major changes in their own strategic plans and programs.
		Defense suppression weapons such as the US short-range attack missile could also be available for use on the Blackjack and possible stealth bomber in the early part of the midterm.
	www.fas.org /spp/starwars/offdocs/m8310017.htm (7835 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative
		Anyone in the Congress who advocates a percentage or a specific dollar cut in defense spending should be made to say what part of our defenses he would eliminate and he should be candid enough to acknowledge that his cuts mean cutting our commitments to allies or inviting greater risk or both.
		The defense policy of the United States is based on a simple premise: The United States does not start fights.
		At this time Soviet Defense Minister Ustinov announced "approximate parity of forces continues to exist." But the Soviets are still adding an average of 3 new warheads a week, and now have 1,300.
	eightiesclub.tripod.com /id374.htm (4365 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative
		The Strategic Computing Initiative (SCI) was conceived as an integrated plan to promote computer chip design strategic defense initiative and manufacture, computer architecture, strategic defense initiative and artificial intelligence software.
		In retrospect, it is hard to see how it could have.In "Strategic Computing, Alex Roland strategic defense initiative and Philip Shiman uncover the roles played in the SCI by technology, individuals, strategic defense initiative and social strategic defense initiative and political forces.
		Earth's initial assault force is nearly annihilated immediately, but one marine manages to infiltrate the base, bring down their planetary defense systems, earth quake preparation and kill the Strogg's collective brain earth quake preparation and leader--the Makron.
	www.wilmington-institute.com /strategicdefenseinitiative.html (1228 words)

	THE STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE
		THE Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) proposed by the Reagan administration raises many uncertainties and risks for U.S. deterrence strategy, particularly in the areas of deterrence stability, technology, Soviet reactions, crisis management, and conventional war in Europe.
		The authoritative President's Commission on Strategic Forces (Scowcroft Commission) noted in 1983 that U.S. strategic retaliatory forces were synergistically survivable: the strategic Triad of land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and strategic bombers could not be attacked successfully by current or near-term Soviet forces without the subsequent retaliatory destruction of Soviet society.
		A race between the construction and deployment of defensive interceptors and the multiplication of warheads on offensive missiles, under present conditions, is a losing proposition for the defense.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1985/nov-dec/cimbala.html (6754 words)

	The Strategic Defense Initiative's Promise for Asia
		As America's strategic, economic, and political focus continues its inexorable shift to Asia, it is appropriate that Washington strongly encourage Japan, Australia, and South Korea to participate in SDI.
		And in the case of missile defenses in the Philippines or Australia, the chances of a Soviet attack would be very slight--first, because they are so distant from the regions of critical concern to the Soviets, and second, because of the need for so many missiles to penetrate strategic defenses in the U.S. or Europe.
		In addition, strategic defense in general is criticized as a threat to the existing arms control regime based on offensive weapons and mutual assured destruction's balance of terror.
	www.heritage.org /Research/NationalSecurity/asb40.cfm (2756 words)

	Key Issues: Missile Defense: History: Ronald Reagan on the Strategic Defense Initiative, December 28, 1984
		The pace of the Soviet offensive and defensive buildup has upset the balance in the areas of greatest importance during crises.
		The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) is a program of vigorous research facused on advanced defensive technologies with the aim of finding ways to provide a better basis for deterring aggression, strengthening stability, and increasing the security of the United States and our allies.
		And, in the long-term, we have confidence that SDI will be a crucial means by which both the United States and the Soviet Union can safely agree to very deep reductions, and eventually, even the elimination of ballistic missiles and the nuclear weapons they carry.
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/key-issues/missile-defense/history/reagan_on-strategic-defense-iniative.htm (966 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative - SourceWatch
		Foreword Written for a Report on the Strategic Defense Initiative [The foreword was printed in the report entitled The President's Strategic Defense Initiative--January 1985 (Government Printing Office, 10 pages), which was issued at the White House on January 3], December 28, 1984.
		Radio Address to the Nation on the Strategic Defense Initiative, July 13, 1985.
		Strategic Defense Initiative Missions and the NATO IVA Mission, The Cape: Miltary Space Operations 1971-1992 by 45 Space Wing Office of History, Patrick AFB.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Star_Wars (505 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative - Conservapedia
		The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), which is also commonly called Star Wars (at first by detractors), was a proposal by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1983 to build a ground- and space-based system to protect the U.S. from nuclear ballistic missiles.
		The system was never fully set up, but the research from this paved the way for the anti-ballistic missile systems of today, including the Patriot missile that provided the defense against [[Iraq]i Scud missiles launched against American forces and Israel during the Gulf War.
		It is believed by some experts that the Soviet's response necessitated by SDI contributed to their financial and political collapse.
	www.conservapedia.com /Strategic_Defense_Initiative (547 words)

	National Nanotechnology Initiative
		February 14, 2008.—A summary of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) Fiscal Year 2009 Budget (PDF) was released today by the Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council's Committee on Technology.
		The 2007 NNI Strategic Plan describes the vision, goals, and priorities of the NNI.
		As in the earlier strategic plan, this NNI Strategic Plan identifies major subject areas, or program component areas (PCAs), in which investments are needed to ensure success of the initiative.
	www.nano.gov (980 words)

	Ronald Reagan's Military Buildup
		Defense secretary Caspar Weinberger was the new president's right-hand man throughout his mission to build up a massive military to wear down the Soviets in what would be the final years of the Cold War.
		One of Reagan's controversial proposals was the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a system intended to make the U.S. invulnerable to nuclear missile attacks by the Soviet Union.
		By stationing those defenses in outer space, the U.S. was able to circumvent the United Nation's Anti-Ballistic (ABM) Treaty.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1957.html (1286 words)

	STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE - Nuclear Thermal Propulsion
		Thus the initial enthusiasm for space nuclear power sources was rapidly tempered by uncertain requirements, and the broad range of more attractive competing technical approaches.
		Initiated in October 1985, the Program planned a two year Concept Definition phase, leading to a Phase I selection of two or three reactor concepts for more intensive study by October 1987.
		These requirements were initially established as extending from hundreds of kilowatts up to a few megawatts for up to seven years.
	www.fas.org /nuke/space/c06sdi_1.htm (2171 words)

	Strategic Defense Initiative. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07
		The program is now administered by the Missile Defense Agency (originally the Strategic Defense Initiative Office), a separate agency in the U.S. Dept. of Defense.
		The end of the cold war led to criticism that SDI was unnecessary, and in 1991 President G. Bush called for a more limited version using rocket-launched interceptors based on the ground at a single site.
		In 2007 the MDA reported that, although missile defense system was still under development and not officially operational, it was ready for use.
	www.bartleby.com /65/st/StratDI.html (536 words)

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