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Topic: Strategic geography

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	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Geography
		Geography is the scientific study of the locational and spatial variation in both physical and human phenomena on Earth.
		Geography is much more than cartography, the study of maps, nor is it the study of 'capes and bays'.
		By the 18th century, geography had become recognized as a discrete discipline and became part of a typical university curriculum in Europe (especially Paris and Berlin), although not the in the United Kingdom where geography was generally taught as a sub-discipline of other subjects.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Geography (2273 words)

	Strategic geography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Strategic geography is concerned with the control of, or access to, spatial areas that have an impact on the security and prosperity of nations.
		Spatial areas that concern strategic geography change with human needs and development; recent examples of spatial areas include oil fields which affect the prosperity of a nation or the Gaza strip.
		This field is a subset of human geography, itself a subset of the more general study of geography.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strategic_geography (138 words)

	Geography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Geography is the study of locational and spatial variation in natural and human phenomena on Earth.
		Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with various environments.
		While the major focus of human geography is not the physical landscape of the Earth (see Physical geography) it is hardly possible to discuss human geography without referring to the physical landscape on which human activities are being played out, and environmental geography is emerging as a link between the two.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geography (1948 words)

	Geography - an introduction - Citizendium
		Geography (from the Greek words Ge (γη) or Gaea (γαια), both meaning "Earth", and graphein (γραφειν) meaning "to describe" or "to write"or "to map") is the study of the surface of the Earth and the activities of humanity upon it.
		Historically, geography was closely associated with eras of exploration and, as such, geographers have been seen as synonymous with cartographers and people who study place names: so-called "capes and bays" geography.
		Regional geography is a branch of geography that studies the regions of all sizes across the Earth.
	en.citizendium.org /wiki/Geography (2212 words)

	SAMA 40th Annual Conference - Executive Management
		Strategic vision is the ability to look ahead and peripheral vision is the ability to look around, and both are important.
		Strategic customer management is now defined as investing in building relationships with customers that are future marketplace winners.
		Building on the theme of investing in strategic relationships, explore what it means to “create the wallet of the future,” and how the enterprise must change to align itself around the customer.
	www.strategicaccounts.org /public/conference04/conf_executiveManagement.asp (411 words)

	Geography, National Power, And Strategy
		GEOGRAPHY, NATIONAL POWER, AND STRATEGY OUTLINE Thesis: To be effective in dealing with regional crises, military leaders must understand the way in which geography affects strategic and operational planning, tactics, logistics operations, relations with civilian populations, and the military evaluations of areas.
		Geography is not itself an element of national power, which is normally descibed as having political, economic, and military elements.
		Geography, in its broadest sense, deals with the description of the Earth's surface; its division into regions, continents, and countries; climate, plants, animals; natural resources and industries; people, their cultures, and religions.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1992/BRI.htm (3302 words)

	The continued primacy of geography - A Debate on Geopolitics ORBIS - Find Articles
		Thus, though geography is conceptually distinct from economics, politics, and strategy, it influences each of these categories of human behavior, and the relationships between geography and economics, politics, and strategy can therefore be studied as geoeconomics, geopolitics, and geostrategy.
		In addition to these objective geographies, as one might call them, there is also psychological geography, a concept closely associated with the notion of culture.
		Geography defines the players (which are territorially organized states, or would like to be), frequently defines the stakes for which the players contend, and always defines the terms in which they measure their security relative to others.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0365/is_n2_v40/ai_18338849/pg_1 (836 words)

	NITLE Arab World Project
		Strategic geography refers to the control of, or access to, spatial areas (land, water, and air, including outer space) that has an impact - either positive or negative - on the security and economic prosperity of nations.
		Economic geography refers to the infrastructure and industrial and rural facilities that contribute to the economy of a region, including roads, ports, airports, pipelines, energy utilities, factories, farms, and patterns of trade.
		Military geography concerns the deployment and power projection of military assets as they relate to space, time, and distance and the impact that physical constraints have upon both offensive and defensive military operations.
	arabworld.nitle.org /texts.php?module_id=4&reading_id=202&sequence=3 (1036 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 1997
		Geography, in all its guises, will help them understand the changes the world is experiencing and make sense of the directions the world is taking.
		Notwithstanding that geography is useful to the strategist, one should not conclude that geography determines where conflicts will occur or that it should dictate strategy.
		Today these same cultural issues determine the city's strategic importance as well as the fact that the city is the political and religious center of the de jure Jewish state and the de facto religious and political center of the aspiring state of Palestine.
	carlisle-www.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/97spring/hansen.htm (3691 words)

	Jo'g'rofiya - Wikipedia
		Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the world and all of its human and natural complexities-- not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be.
		Geography as a discipline can be split broadly into two main sub fields: human geography and physical geography.
		Environmental geography is the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world.
	uz.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jo'g'rofiya (2401 words)

	Geography
		Human geography, as the study of the interrelationships between people, the places they inhabit and the spaces that comprise the global environments, provides a powerful lens for examining these critical issues.
		Plant geography, or phytogeography, is the study of the distribution of plants in both space and time.
		Undergraduate geography students are responsible for finding a faculty member in the department who is willing to work independently with the student.
	www.acs.utah.edu /GenCatalog/crsdesc/geogr.html (5964 words)

	Department of Geography and Geology -- Strategic Plan, 2001-2006
		In addition, the Department strives to prepare students for engagement with local, national, and global issues; to instill in students ethical and moral values related to citizenship and society; and to help students develop a set of integrated theoretical and practical skills that can be applied to solving societal issues and problems.
		Both faculty and students are encouraged to serve on committees, to be active in their communities, to provide expertise and advice to a variety of constituents, and to work towards improving the human-environment condition.
		The Department of Geography and Geology is the only one of its kind in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and it holds the largest concentration of earth scientists in the state.
	www.wku.edu /geoweb/info/strategic_plan.htm (6828 words)

	Harkavy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		They pertain to the geography of power projection broadly construed as dealing with military interventions (unilateral or multilateral), arms resupply to client states involved in wars, and coercive diplomacy—and more specifically with bases, access, overflight, and the physical geography of nations, straits, and islands as it affects power projection.
		Geography is also largely accountable for the ease of illegal transfers of WMD material from the former Soviet Union to such Middle Eastern states as Iran and Iraq.
		the conduct of a two-front conventional war; strategic depth; climate; the size of the theater and the length of borders, or of the “forward line of troops”; the ethnography of battle areas or frontiers; patterns of settlements and road networks; and mountains and rivers, as barriers.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/2001/Autumn/art2-au1.htm (6525 words)

	Owens, Autumn 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As such, it is most closely related to strategic geography, which is concerned with the control of, or access to, spatial areas that have an impact on the security and prosperity of nations.
		The strategic imperative for the United States arising from Spykman’s thesis was to prevent consolidation of the Rimland by a hostile power: “Our constant concern in peace time must be to see that no nation or alliance of nations is allowed to emerge as a dominating power” within the Rimland.
		Second, geopolitical reasoning suggests that the overarching strategic imperative of the United States will continue to be to prevent the rise of a hegemon capable of dominating the Eurasian continental realm and of challenging the United States in the maritime realm.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/1999/autumn/art3-a99.htm (5758 words)

	For today and subsequent meetings, we have two purposes for these faculty conversations: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The successes of this department are built upon the initiative, creativity and hard work of individual faculty, staff, and students, and upon groups that form to achieve shared goals.
		This notion of educational accountability shows up on the national level where Geography has become a focus of educational reform in the U.S. It was identified in the early 1990s as one of five core subjects (along with English, mathematics, science, and history) in the national education reform act Goals 2000.
		Geography 100), service on supervisory committees in many other graduate programs, and interdisciplinary involvement by faculty and graduate students (e.g.
	depts.washington.edu /geog/news/strategic/think.html (5242 words)

	II Journal: The State and the Global Economy
		The role of these strategic agents is dramatically illustrated by a recent case involving China: when the Chinese government in 1996 issued a hundred-year bond to be sold, not in Shanghai but in New York, it did not have to deal with Washington but J.P. Morgan.
		It is important to analyze the strategic corporate functions of the global against the overall corporate economy of a country.
		The new geography of global economic processes - the strategic territories for economic globalization - had to be produced, both through the practices of corporate actors, the requisite resources (i.e.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol6no3/sassen.htm (3679 words)

	Geopolitics: Middle Eastern Notes and Anticipations
		Not long after, however, Napoleon Bonaparte returned to the original view, stating that “the politics of a state is its geography,” [1] and it was not so long after Waterloo that the idea of geography’s being destiny received its name from Professor Kjellén.
		Geography may not seriously constrain the United States and a few other advanced societies, but it will continue to constrain most states most of the time.
		The U.S. alliance with Turkey, too, was of particular significance and complexity because of geography; Turkey’s European role as a NATO member cohabited with its role as a U.S. ally bordering on Soviet proxy states in Syria and Iraq.
	www.fpri.org /orbis/4702/garfinkle.geopoliticsmiddleeast.html (6103 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 1997
		Geography, in all its guises, will help them understand the changes the world is experiencing and make sense of the directions the world is taking.
		Today these same cultural issues determine the city's strategic importance as well as the fact that the city is the political and religious center of the de jure Jewish state and the de facto religious and political center of the aspiring state of Palestine.
		Geography defines the players (which are territorially organized states, or would like to be), frequently defines the stakes for which the players contend, and always defines the terms in which they measure security relative to others.[21]
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usawc/parameters/97spring/hansen.htm (3691 words)

	China - Strategic Geography of the Land (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		However, many centuries of agriculture had thinned and eroded the soil and the region slowly lost it's strategic importance in the later dynasties.
		The canal allowed agricultural produce of the south to be transported to the seat of government in the north without risking the dangerous sea route around the Shandong Peninsula.
		Because of its importance, it was a strategic prize and control over it was heavily fought over.
	www.act.com.sg /dominion/strategicgeography.html (2005 words)

	WAR STUDIES:
		To analyze the maritime, continental and space components of strategic geography using Mahan's concepts as they relate to U.S. strategic reach.
		To explore the strategic implications of national, regional, and global geography and to evaluate the relationships among raw materials, industry, workforce, and infrastructure as they relate to national security.
		Combining reach with the elements of geography available for national power provides a direct influence among nations as they relate to one another politically, economically, and militarily on the surface of the earth and above the earth’s surface.
	www.ndu.edu /icaf/departments/war/15.htm (1104 words)

	Strategic Challenges in the Middle East (Dr. Irving Kett) May, 2001
		Geography and an essential natural resource, namely petroleum, constitute the strategic importance of the Middle East.
		The strategic importance, coupled with a history of almost continuous crisis, requires the United States to consider the Middle East as a crucial factor in formulating worldwide economic and military strategy.
		The strategic importance of the vast petroleum reserves in the Middle East, along with its vital sea lanes, requires the United States to consider this region carefully in formulating its foreign policy decisions.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/may01/kett.htm (3220 words)

	Foreign Affairs - The New Geography of Conflict - Michael T. Klare
		In October 1999, in a rare alteration of U.S. military geography, the Department of Defense reassigned senior command authority over American forces in Central Asia from the Pacific Command to the Central Command.
		Since the end of the Cold War, however, these areas have lost much strategic significance for the United States (except, perhaps, for the demilitarized zone between North and South Korea), while other regions -- the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea basin, and the South China Sea -- are receiving increased attention from the Pentagon.
		Behind this shift in strategic geography is a new emphasis on the protection of supplies of vital resources, especially oil and natural gas.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20010501faessay4767/michael-t-klare/the-new-geography-of-conflict.html (653 words)

	Geography
		The programs within the Department of Geography are strategic to the long term economic and environmental health and welfare of the State of Connecticut.
		The library liaison to the Department of Geography maintains a Web page that organizes and promotes a wide range of electronic resources for Geography including locally licensed indexing/abstracting services and full-text resources located at: http://www.lib.uconn.edu/online/research/bysubject/Geography.htm.
		Because journals are critical for all geography research and teaching, a clear challenge in collection development for Geography is managing the journals budget and subscriptions list.
	www.lib.uconn.edu /about/policies/collections/Geography.htm (1971 words)

	Human Geography :: Geography : RSS Directory : Gourt
		Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the systematic study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the environment, with particular reference to the causes and consequences of the spatial distribution of human activity on the Earth's surface.
		While the major focus of human geography is not the physical landscape of the Earth (see physical geography) it is hardly possible to discuss human geography without referring to the physical landscape on which human activities are being played out, and environmental geography is emerging as an important link between the two.
		Economic Geography Research Group - Promotes research in economic geography by organising meetings, developing contact and cooperation among geographers and other social scientists, and encouraging the publication of research.
	science.gourt.com /Social-Sciences/Geography/Human-Geography.html (1821 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Autumn 1997
		But there is a chance that the strategic environment of 2020 may diverge from that of 1997 in fundamental ways, changing who fights, why they do so, and how they do so.
		An ideologically-based system has a much clearer and more rigid strategic geography than a balance-of-power system since conflict and violence tend to occur along the fault lines or gray areas between the ideological blocs.
		Strategic dinosaurs will find their eggs eaten by small mammals which did not initially appear to pose much danger.
	carlisle-www.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/97autumn/metz.htm (5131 words)

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