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Topic: Strategoi

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	Archons of Athens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The archon was the chief magistrate in many Greek cities, but in Athens there were three archons, the archon eponymous, the polemarch (replaced in 501 BC by ten strategoi), and the basileus (the ceremonial remnant of the Athenian monarchy).
		Pericles dies; Xenophon, Hestiodorus, Calliades, Melesandrus, and Phanomachus are strategoi
		Leosthenes and Autocles are strategoi; Athens and Sparta are defeated by the Thebans at Mantinea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Archons_of_Athens (615 words)

	Strategos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Athenian democracy, strategoi were elected by name rather than chosen by lottery and expected to command at both land and sea.
		Because of its status as the only elected office in Athens, most of the most famous Athenian leaders held the position at some point in their careers.
		Notable among these was the Achaean League, whose most famous strategoi were Aratus and Philopoemon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strategos (425 words)

	The Ventrue Clan Structure
		Her mere presence as a representative of the strategoi (and thus the ephors) lends a certain cachet that can help rally the other clan members to solve the problem together under the lictor's direction - something they probably could have done on their own if they were able to put aside their petty differences.
		Strategoi or Elders are the public faces of the Ephorate and are the more known leaders of the clan.
		The Strategoi are the Generals of the clan and as such they control a large amount of area, a great amount of power or lend advice to the largest of responsibilities.
	ops.tamu.edu /kilroy/Camarilla/VentrueInfo/currentstructure.html (12205 words)

	Business Horizons: Pericles of Athens - drawing from the essence of strategic leadership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This prerequisite for hands-on leadership incorporated the belief that strategoi should be present in the thick of battle, not merely direct their forces from afar.
		It was felt that the front line was often the best place for the strategos to read the mood of the battlefield, implementing and adapting plans as events unfolded, engendering a feeling of commitment and respect that only fighting elbow to elbow with his fellow citizens could promote.
		Strategoi had to demonstrate a willingness to share burdens: "No man was considered fit to give fair and honest advice in council if he had not, like his fellows, a family at stake in the hour of the city's danger" (Thucydides).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1038/is_n1_v38/ai_16791172 (1370 words)

	The Ventrue of OWBN - Directives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Strategoi are considered the Generals of the Ventrue clan and is the highest position that one can attain before becoming part of the Ephorate.
		Since the Strategoi seldom get their hands dirty, they send these individuals out to address problems, enforce policy and procedure and administer judgment.
		Lictors are the eyes and ears for the Strategoi, reporting directly back to them about the various domains and directorate that they visit.
	clans.owbn.org /ventrue/mt/directives/structure.html (786 words)

	The Athenian Agora 09 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This building was probably the headquarters of the ten generals (strategoi).
		The strategoi were among the few officials elected (as opposed to being selected by lot) and were the real positions of power.
		All citizens were liable for military sevice: first a compulsory two years from 18 as an "ephebe" spent usually at a fort on the frontiers of Athens such as Panakton or Phyle, thereafter (until 60) conscripted when required by notices posted at the Eponymous Heroes.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~loxias/strategeion.htm (90 words)

	The House Mercurius Membership
		Lictors or Troubleshooters are the primary representatives for the Strategoi.
		Strategoi or Elders are the public faces of the leaders of then Clan.
		They appoint the Strategoi, the Justicar, and the Representative to the Inner Circle.
	ops.tamu.edu /kilroy/Camarilla/House-Mercurius/dignitas.html (1223 words)

	strategos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The term strategos (plural strategoi) is used in Greek to mean "general".
		In the Byzantine Empire the term was also used in the to describe a military governor (see Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy).
		See also Archons of Athens for a list of the known strategoi.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /strategos.html (215 words)

	Strategos -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The term strategos (plural strategoi) is used in (A native or inhabitant of Greece) Greek to mean "general".
		In the (A continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395) Byzantine Empire the term was also used to describe a military governor (see (Click link for more info and facts about Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy) Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy).
		In the (Click link for more info and facts about Athenian democracy) Athenian democracy, strategoi were elected by name rather than chosen by lottery and expected to command at both land and sea.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/St/Strategos.htm (466 words)

	Strategos - Wikipedia
		In the Athenian Democracy strategoi, the generals, were elected by name rather than chosen by lottery.
		Following the reforms of Pericles, all Athenian positions except the strategos were selected by lottery and were paid so that any Athenian citizen could take part in office.
		The role of strategos remained an aristocratic position as both wealth and popularity were required to fill the office.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strategos (148 words)

	marathon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of the archons (the people who ruled Athens) was the commander of the army, which was divided into ten sections, commanded by ten strategoi.
		On the night before the battle, the commander of the Athenian army conferred with his ten strategoi.
		The majority of the strategoi accepted Miltiades' plan, and the commander put him in charge.
	medialdea.net /historyguy80538/marathon.htm (1055 words)

	Ancient History Bulletin 9, 1995: Political and Military Authority in 4th-c. Athens, Debra Hamel
		The rise of a class of political leaders who never served as strategoi is an issue which merits more extensive treatment in a critique of the traditional view of Athenian leadership.
		But by identifying these strategoi Tritle does not demonstrate that fourth-century generals were as politically active as their predecessors.
		Plutarch, although he has exaggerated considerably the division which existed between fourth-century strategoi and rhetors, was evidently correct in his assessment of Phokion as an exceptional leader.
	www.dhamel.com /bema.html (5397 words)

	Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The strategoi rarely dirty their hands with detail work, and often assign these tasks to Lictors.
		The lictor's presence as a representative of the strategoi, and hence the ephors, lends a certain cachet that can help rally the other clan members to solve the problem.
		Likewise, a lictor is on a slow-but-sure path toward the ranks of teh strategoi or even the Directorate.
	www.fataladdiction.com /ventrue/organization.html (1065 words)

	[No title]
		And that persons who own private houses in the village shall likewise be allowed to build up their homes to the height of , and rebuild the temples to the height of 10 cubits, except the inhabitants of Panopolis.
		No one is to collect anything whatever from the cultivators and the tax-payers and the persons connected with the revenues and the honey-workers and the rest for the benefit of the strategoi or chiefs of the guards or archiphylakitai or oikonomoi or their agents or the other officials.
		Neither strategoi nor holders of official positions nor their subordinates nor any other persons whatever shall take the richest Crown land from the cultivators by fraud or cultivate it at choice.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/libraries/inside/projects/apis/berkeley/input/data/20021223/berkeley0263 (1192 words)

	Roman to Julian Conversion: Analysis AUC 614 = 140 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I think this is rather weak, since there is no evidence that the change in Thessaly is synchronised with the change in Achaia Phthiotis, but Daux does note that some of his relative sequencing of Priesthood VI archons is debatable.
		We therefore have a set of eight strategoi who should be dated to the late 130s and early 120s.
		Therefore it is very likely that these strategoi should in fact be spread out over a slightly longer period than Kramolisch allows, and virtually certain that there is no four year gap in their midst.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/140bc.htm (1766 words)

	Classics Log 9705a - Message Number 53 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		breakdown -- id >est, how individual *strategoi* called up their troops, how the >regiments were then formed and dispatched, how a 'change in >command' (either through death(s) of the strategos/i or their >removal by the dEmos) was implemented...
		Later, Demosthenes and Eurymedon, who had been elected generals for 413/12, were sent out to Sicily as generals (7.16), and Menandros and Euthydemos evidently returned to their previous rank(s) in the army, whatever that (those) may have been.
		Nonetheless, during 413/12 Menandros and Euthydemos sometimes served in the capacity of strategoi (7.43.2, 7.69.4) when, I argue, one or more of the three elected generals (i.e., Nikias, Demosthenes, and Eurymedon) was unable to perform that function (Nikias because of illness, and Eurymedon because of death [7.52.2]).
	omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu /mailing_lists/CLA-L/Older/log97/9705a/9705a.53.html (390 words)

	D i c t i o n a r y o f A t h e n i a n I n s t i t u t i o n s
		An exception to this tendency was its relation to the Strategoi, who appear to have acquired the right both to attend the meetings and to make propositions.
		To some extent the agenda was governed by law, certain matters coming up regularly once a prytany (continuation in office of magistrates, corn supply, etc.), others annally" (OCD).
		"Nothing is known of Athenian strategoi in the sixth century, when the army was commanded by the polemarchus [I.3] but in 501/500 a new arrangement was introduced by which the people annually elected ten strategoi, one from each of the ten tribes (Arist.
	www.udallas.edu /classics/resources/athdict.htm (7165 words)

	Archons of Athens
		They gave their name to the year, and were in charge of the Boule and Ekklesia.
		There were two other archons each year, the Polemarch (until 501 BC when this position was replaced with 10 strategoi), and the Basileus, the ceremonial remnant of the Athenian monarchy.
		Six other men, the Thesmothetai, also served as assistants to the archons.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/a/ar/archons_of_athens.html (395 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1998.09.11
		It is H.'s central contention that in military affairs the sovereignty of the demos was absolute, and that the generals were unable to influence to any significant extent the conduct of campaigns either in their preparation or in their execution.
		The monograph consists of four parts: strategoi and the campaign; strategoi and their subordinates; strategoi and their colleagues; and strategoi and the demos.
		There are also sixteen appendices which deal with matters peripheral to the immediate scope of the book.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1998/1998-09-11.html (924 words)

	SSDiary1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He stumbled into our elegant throne room and coughed all over before properly bowing---it took me a moment to realize that this was the tutor and not a prisoner or someone coming to "seek the King's justice".
		He claims he is a "strategoi" --- I think that means he teaches strategy.
		When he was gone, Papa told us that the man had not been a strategoi at Lookshy at all...
	shadowdawn.evenmere.org /exalt/SSDiary1 (957 words)

	Strategos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the ByzantineEmpire the term was also used in the to describe a military governor (see Byzantine aristocracy andbureaucracy).
		In the Athenian democracy, strategoi were electedby name rather than chosen by lottery and expected to command at both land and sea.
		The role of strategos remained adifficult to achieve position as both wealth and popularity were required to fill the office.
	www.therfcc.org /strategos-90467.html (155 words)

	Callimachus (polemarch) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As polemarch, Callimachus had a vote in military affairs along with the 10 strategoi, the generals, such as Miltiades.
		Miltiades convinced Callimachus to vote in favour of a battle when the strategoi were split evenly on the matter.
		At Marathon, Callimachus commanded the right wing of the Athenian army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Callimachus_(polemarch) (129 words)

	Strategos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(strategoi plural) se utilizan en griego para significar a "general".
		En la democracia ateniense, se esperado que el strategoi fue elegido por nombre más bien que elegido por lotería y en ordenara la tierra y mar. Esta oficina substituyó el polemarch anterior como comandante de tropas.
		Ver también Archons de Atenas para una lista del strategoi sabido.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/st/Strategos.htm (187 words)

	Blackerby Associates--History of Strategic Planning
		Our term "strategy" derives from the Greek "strategos," which means, literally, "general of the army." Each of the ten ancient Greek tribes annually elected a strategos to head its regiment.
		At the battle of Marathon (490 BC), the strategoi advised the political ruler as a council.
		In time, the job of the strategoi grew to include civil magisterial duties as well, largely because of their status as elected officials.
	www.blackerbyassoc.com /history.html (1218 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 97.6.1
		It is not clear to what "civil powers" the author is referring, but the assumption of civil authority did not in fact attend election to the strategia.
		However active generals may have been in ekklesiastic debate, and however much military success may have enhanced the credentials of strategoi as advisors in the ekklesia, generals did not enjoy political authority in Athens by virtue of their tenure of the generalship.
		Moreover, the authority which individual generals exercised even in the military sphere was muted both by the collegiate nature of their office and by a demos which by various means exercised a pervasive control over its strategoi.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1997/97.06.01.html (1669 words)

	The Reality Sculptors "Faq-O-Matic": Electronic Voting
		Many Athenian sailors perished, and were lost in the storm, and could not be properly cremated or buried (a great religious sin at the time).
		An orator persuaded the Assembly to convict the 5 "responsible" Strategoi (general/admiral) of impiety- which carried a mandatory death penalty.
		The same government structure is the one that sentenced Socrates to death.
	reality.sculptors.com /~faqomatic/fom-serve/cache/44.html (520 words)

	Re: orion-list 1Chr 27, 1QM and 11QT on militia
		Therefore the ordinary argyraspides formed two of the largest Seleucid units called strategoi of 4,000 foot each, thus leaving two chiliarchies of 1,000 foot for the storm troops of the hypaspists.
		However, the 15,000 argyraspides (!) - if seen as the complete Guard - are divisible into three strategoi of ordinary argyraspides numbered 12,000 (that's your 'Guard'), thus leaving three chiliarchies of 1,000 foot to the hypaspists.
		Maybe that was the reason for the remarkable Royal Guard of 12,000 foot - in any case a mistake, for the levy quote of the military pool of the argyraspides, the rural military settlements called katoikiai had reached its maximum at 10,000 young men.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1999b/msg00040.html (607 words)

	Athenian Naval Finance in the Classical Period
		During the fifth century the trierarchs were appointed annually, by the tribes, not the strategoi as generally believed (see Chapter three for further discussion).
		Twenty-six talents were paid in the first prytany to the strategoi of the ten ship initially dispatched (lines 10-12; Thucydides 1.45) and a further fifty talents was paid in the same prytany to a squadron of twenty ships (lines 21-23; Thucydides 1.50-51).
		In the fourth century the strategoi were often sent out with insufficient funds, or none at all (Aristotle Rhetoric 1411a9-10; Demosthenes 4.23-24, 10.37, 3.20, 2.28, 8.24-26).
	www-atm.physics.ox.ac.uk /rowing/trireme/thesis.html (17713 words)

	K.H. Kinzl: Athens: between tyranny and democracy, 1977
		and the transferring of certain responsibilities of the archon polemarchos from that archon to the strategoi
		44 This date implies that the political and constitutional manoeuvres leading up to the first-ever election of the ten strategoi for 501/500 took place over an unknown period of time, to come to a conclusion in early 501 at the latest.
		112 This is not of course to say that it was the generals whose actions and attitudes had prompted the archonship reform: the diminishing of the stature of the strategoi, rather, was a welcome by-product of the reform of 487.
	www.trentu.ca /ahc/schach.htm (9969 words)

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