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Topic: Stream gage

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	MGS On-Line List of Publications: RI 71 - "A Strategy for a Stream-Gaging Network in Maryland"
		To quantify streamflow in a given stream or river and the variation of that flow through time, it must be measured by use of stream gages.
		Stream gages are operated throughout Maryland to meet numerous water-resources management goals of Federal, State, and local government agencies.
		Such gages are the key to understanding quantity and patterns in streamflow, groundwater contributions to the streamflow during periods of no runoff, and determination of contaminant loads that may be contributing to diminished water quality in the rest of the watershed.
	www.mgs.md.gov /esic/publications/new/ri71sum.html (2144 words)

	AWRA GIS Symposium - GIS Modeling And Visualization of the Water Balance During the 1993 Midwest Floods
		The gage locations were viewed along with the HUC coverage to provide a better spatial representation of the gages with respect to watersheds.
		The gaging station zones were then determined using the flow direction grid and the edited stream gage grid (Figure 3).
		Of course, the streams vary in size in the Upper Mississippi and Missouri River basins from creeks a few meters wide, to the Mississippi River at Cairo, Illinois, which is nearly 1 km wide during normal flow conditions.
	www.awra.org /proceedings/gis32/white/index.html (3514 words)

	How streamflow is measured: USGS Water Science
		Stream stage (also called stage or gage height) is the height of the water surface, in feet, above an established datum plane where the stage is zero.
		The stream-measurement procedure is to go across the stream at selected intervals and measure the total depth and the velocity of the water at selected depths at each interval across the stream.
		In the diagram, water depth/velocity measurements are obtained horizontally across the stream at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 feet (the vertical lines in the diagram).
	ga.water.usgs.gov /edu/measureflow.html (1284 words)

	MJ Enviromental GIS groundwater models monitoring databases management and stream watershed software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A stream gage flow curve calibration proceeding consists of two phases, one of field data collection (stream stage, channel cross sectional area, and stream flow velocity) and the rating curve calculation.
		Staff gages should be placed where they can be easily read from stream banks or bridges and where they are protected from damage due to debris in the flow.
		The Area of a channel is known for pipes, or is determined for streams by measuring the distance from shore and depth at various points across the flow stream to construct the flow channel profile.
	www.mjeconsult.com /wamos1.html (1551 words)

	An Assessment Methodology for Determining Historical Changes in Mountain Streams
		Thus, when quantifying geomorphic change at a gage site, it is important to recognize that while these sites may be more stable than other parts of the same stream; they are not static or immune to change.
		For evaluating historical geomorphic change the most desirable gages are long-term stations whose point of measurement has not moved and whose bed and banks are adjustable.
		The premise of the analysis is that if the gage datum and streambed elevation remain constant over time, then either the gage datum or the streambed elevation has changed.
	www.stream.fs.fed.us /news/streamnt/apr98/apr98a1t.htm (994 words)

	USGS Hurricane Mitch Program-Streamgage Networks
		Each stream gage will be equipped with rainfall gage and satellite telemetry for near-real time transmission of hydrologic data that will be accessible via the Internet.
		Nineteen (19) of 36 gages in the ENEE network are now transmitting - hydrologic data from this network are critical to the operation of El Cajón reservoir and to flood mitigation in the Ulua basin.
		This gage is upstream from the City of Choluteca in southern Honduras the Mayor of Choluteca monitored gage data via the Internet during flooding of September 1999.
	mitchnts1.cr.usgs.gov /projects/streamgage.html (1142 words)

	DRBC - Stream Gages Home Page
		When flooding occurs, stream gages are indispensable as tools for flood forecasting and warning along rivers and streams.
		Stream gages are a vital tool in our management of water resources.
		Reliable funding of the stream gage network is necessary in order to obtain the information needed to make good decisions about the managing of our shared water resources.
	www.state.nj.us /drbc/gage/gageshp.htm (259 words)

	USGS - Stream gaging station description
		Outside gage is a type A wire-weight gage bolted to the downstream handrail of the bridge 50 feet upstream from the gage house.
		A standard USGS 2" x 6' crest-stage gage is attached to the streamward face of the gage house.
		The left bank is overflowed at a gage height of 6.5 ft while the right bank is overflowed at a gage height of 7.5 ft. The streambed is composed of sand and gravel and is subject to shifting.
	md.water.usgs.gov /watershed/MD151/01653600 (586 words)

	Stream Gage Networks
		This means that when the funding for a gaging station is lost (by the USGS, for instance), the NWS cannot provide the funding to keep the station operating.
		When the NWS learns of a potential loss of funding for a stream gage, and it is vital to the hydrology program, it is important to ensure that all affected offices (local WFO, supporting SH, RFC, and HSD) are aware of the situation.
		The agency responsible for the gaging station (if USGS, both local and state offices) should be contacted to collect information such as, who is presently funding the gage and what are the approximate costs/year.
	www.nws.noaa.gov /om/hod/SHManual/SHMan054_gageNw.htm (1187 words)

	NWISWeb Tutorial -- Interpreting values for gage height and streamflow
		Gage height (also known as stage) is the height of the water in the stream above a reference point.
		Gage height refers to the elevation of the water surface in the specific pool at the streamgaging station, not along the entire stream.
		For each streamgaging station, a relation between gage height and streamflow is determined by simultaneous measurements of gage height and streamflow over the natural range of flows (from very low flows to floods).
	nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov /tutorial/interpreting.html (219 words)

	Stream gage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A stream gage refers to a site along a where measurements of volumetric discharge (flow) are In the United States the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the principal federal agency with maintaining records of natural resources.
		To establish a stream gage USGS personnel choose a site on a stream where geometry is relatively stable.
		Many times this be at a bridge or other stream They then install equipment that measures the or elevation of the water surface or rarely the velocity of the flow.
	www.freeglossary.com /Stream_gage (647 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To study hydrology of streams draining tallgrass prairie catchments, to estimate surface losses of nitrogen (see data set NWC01), and to compare runoff and nutrient loss characteristics among four different burn frequencies (1-, 2-, and 4-year intervals, and unburned).
		Stream gage height is recorded every five minutes on the CR-21X datalogger (Campbell Scientific Co.).
		Gage height is sensed by pressure transducers (Druck Model PDCR 10/D) and recorded on the CR-21X.
	climate.konza.ksu.edu /data_catalog/ASD02.html (369 words)

	How stream height relates to streamflow
		We use a number of methods to measure gage height, or stage, but the theory behind it is not that much different from just bolting a measuring rod to a bridge and reading how high the water level is. But determining the amount of water flowing at various gage heights is not so simple.
		Though the gage height doubled from 1 to 2 feet, the total flow, represented by adding the blue and green areas, is more than double the flow at 1 foot (the blue area).
		The stream at 3 feet was not a flood, but just 1 foot higher and the stream flows out of its banks and can be considered a flood.
	ga.water.usgs.gov /edu/gageflow.html (492 words)

	Trinity Flood Warning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Insufficient gage coverage in upper tributary watersheds is a detriment to flood forecasting accuracy.
		The distribution of gages throughout the watershed is uneven, varying from the peak densities within the City of Dallas to the sparse densities of northern Tarrant County, Eastern Wise County, and portions of Denton and Parker Counties.
		Stream gages tend to be significantly more costly than rain gages, both in construction and maintenance.
	www.nctcog.dst.tx.us /envir/trin/feas/region/fldwrn.html (1760 words)

	Maryland Water Monitoring Council - Stream Gage Workgroup
		Such gage coverage needs to include both small scale and large scale watersheds and a range of land use types.
		Ensure a core network of gages so that state, regional and county surface water assessments can be made.
		Coordinate and collaborate stream gaging efforts with those state, regional and local entities requiring stream flow data.
	md.water.usgs.gov /MWMC/swgages/goals.html (629 words)

	Peak flows in the Manoa watershed, island of Oahu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Streamflow in Waiakeakua Stream, which is a tributary to Manoa Stream, increased from about 190 to more than 1,100 cubic feet per second between 6:45 pm and 7:30 pm on October 30, 2004 (see graph below).
		The gage on Manoa Stream at Lowrey Avenue Bridge was destroyed (click here for photo), while the gage on Manoa Stream at Kanewai Field was damaged during the storm.
		Gages are operated in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, State of Hawaii Commission on Water Resource Management and City and County of Honolulu.
	hi.water.usgs.gov /projects/data_manoa_peaks.html (401 words)

	Baltimore Ecosystem Study Streamflow Metadata
		A combination of in-stream discharge measurements and volumetric measurements (using a large graduated cylinder and a stopwatch) are used to check the rating.
		Stage checks on high water at the gage are done by measuring the elevation of chalk marks inside the pipe which have been scoured by runoff events and and by crest stage recorders in the channel downstream.
		If the outside gage is no longer hydraulically connected to where stage is being measured (leaves, enlargement of sediment bar, ice), debris is cleared or a channel is dug and an additional reading is taken after the water surface level reaches equilibrium (usually within 10 minutes).
	www.ecostudies.org /bes/frame7-page_1c.html (3177 words)

	Stream gage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Once the rating curve is established, it can be used in conjunction with stage measurements to determine the volumetricdischarge of the stream.
		This record, then, serves as an assessment of the volume of water that passes by the stream gage and isuseful for many tasks associated with hydrology.
		A rating curve, similar to that used for stage-discharge determinations, usconstructed using discharge determinations to relate the indicated flow velocity with a stream discharge.
	www.therfcc.org /stream-gage-112504.html (318 words)

	Homework # ___ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This assignment is designed for you to become familiar with stream flow data available via the internet as well as with hard copy stream flow data from the library.
		If you live out of state and want to use a stream gage station from your home area, you are welcome to do so.
		Otherwise, pick a stream gage from Texas but verify that nobody is using it.
	baen.tamu.edu /users/munster/agen_350_99/homework/HW21_99.htm (588 words)

	Hydrology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Also included in hydrology is the study of motion of water and water-borne constituents — materials carried either as dissolved quantities or in separate phases.
		A related facet of hydrology is the determination of statistical flow prediction in rivers and streams.
		Stream gage (U.S. Geological Survey terminology) data have been collected and tabulated by the United States Geological Survey for many years and much of it is available online for analysis.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/hydrology (289 words)

	AGU 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Four of the selected gages are on streams that drain the north flank of the Uintas and the other six gages are on streams draining the south flank.
		The gage records have been examined for evidence of non-random variation in the peak annual flood.
		A composite time series was created by calculating the mean z-score of the ten gage records for each year from 1930 to 1998.
	www.geology.wisc.edu /%7Eecarson/streamgage_abstract.htm (434 words)

	Untitled Document
		The rain gage near the summit of Mt. Waialeale is at an altitude of 5,150 ft (gage photo).
		The gage has been in operation since 1910 but monthly totals are available only for 1950-54 and 1968 to the present.
		The average yearly rainfall at the gage during those years is about 396 inches.
	hi.water.usgs.gov /recent/waialeale.html (164 words)

	Stream gage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The technicians and hydrologists responsible for determining the rating curve visit the site during flood events (in particular) and make a discharge determination by following an explicit set of instructions, called a discharge measurement.
		A rating curve, similar to that used for stage-discharge determinations, is constructed using discharge determinations to relate the indicated flow velocity with a stream discharge.
		This page was last modified 16:37, 11 July 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stream_gage (363 words)

	GeoSciences Division - Dr. Kirsten Menking
		The stream gaging station was funded by Dr. Menking's faculty start up funds and some departmental funds.
		Stream water enters the pipe through a horizontal pipe below that leads to the stream.
		The water level in the vertical pipe is determined by a pressure sensor submerged near the bottom of the pipe.
	www.cur.org /geo_p1.html (297 words)

	Stream Gaging and Flood Forecasting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As part of its mission, the USGS provides practical information about the Nation's rivers and streams that is useful for mitigation of hazards associated with floods and droughts and defines the hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics needed for the design and operation of engineering projects, such as dams and levees.
		As forecasts are prepared, water that flows into large rivers from upstream points and tributary streams must be considered; in fact, gaging important tributary streams is often needed even at locations where forecast services are not provided.
		This arrangement has an unintended consequence for the NWS and the communities that depend on NWS river-forecast services; gaging stations that are critical to the forecast service may be discontinued owing to circumstances beyond the control of the NWS or of its customers.
	water.usgs.gov /wid/FS_209-95/mason-weiger.html (2664 words)

	ES&T Online News: Funding woes eroding national stream gage network
		Currently, about 7400 USGS gages measure and record the quantity and variability of surface water flows nationwide, as well as water quality parameters, such as conductivity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and total chlorophyll.
		Most disturbing is that “we’re losing gages that have long periods of record, and the value of that data increases with the length of the record.” A gage costs between $12,000 and $17,000 annually to operate, Blanchard notes.
		To curb the loss of stream gages, USGS developed in 2003 the National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP) to support a base of roughly 4400 stream gages deemed to be of such critical importance to the national network that their operation should be 100% federally funded.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2005/jan/science/kc_stream.html (628 words)

	Conneaut Stream Gage Follow Up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thanks for your inquiry regarding the stream gage on Conneaut Creek.
		We're gratified with the heavy use that the angling community makes of our real-time stream network and, in cases such as this, we wish we had the resources to do more for you folks.
		The strong interest shown in this gage over the past couple of days has been impressive, and we will definitely do some hard thinking to see whether there might be a way to get and maintain funds to upgrade this station again.
	www.steelheadsite.com /reports/ohio/messages/2777.html (367 words)

	Stream Gage Station Data
		Where nnnnnnnn is the station number, wwww is the water year, MM is the month of the water year, and _Day_#_ is the gage value for that day of the month.
		A1 Portion of record - a one character code which indicates whether the entire gaged record, or only a subset of it, is suitable for use in climatic analysis.
		I6 Latitude of the gaging station in the form DDMMSS where D is degrees, M is minutes, and S is seconds.
	www.hydro.washington.edu /Lettenmaier/Data/STRMGAGE.html (1515 words)

	Water pictures: Gage to measure stream height
		It is still the most common way to measure the heights (and, indirectly, the amount of water flowing at any given time) of streams.
		In the past, the most common type of stream gage worked by recording stream height on a moving paper roll.
		Nowadays gage heights are stored electronically in an instrument in the box on top of the big pipe (stilling well).
	ga.water.usgs.gov /edu/gageonbridge.html (330 words)

	Watershed Delineation and Characterisitcs Lab Assignment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Watershed Data – Collection, and Evaluation [Part I] The purpose of this exercise is to utilize the www to obtain USGS Stream Gage and meteorological data.
		You should be familiar with steam gages and USGS stream gage history and data.
		Use the www to obtain additional information about the selected stream gage and meteorological stations, as well as the watershed that the stream gage is located in.
	www.csulb.edu /~wechsler/440/Exercises/watershed_data_1.htm (856 words)

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